Showing papers by "University of Bergen published in 1973"
TL;DR: The distribution of acetylcholinesterase and loss of enzyme in different layers and areas after medial septal lesions were correlated with the distribution of degenerating axons and terminals in Fink-Heimer preparations of the same material.
269 citations
TL;DR: Morphine (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, subcutaneously) both suppressed and elevated lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation response output, indicating the facilitatory action is not due simply to a rebound phenomenon.
Abstract: Morphine (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, subcutaneously) both suppressed and elevated lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation response output. The duration of the depressant effect and the temporal appearance of the excitatory influence were dose dependent. With repeated daily injection tolerance developed to the suppressive effect while the facilitatory effect appeared ealier and tended to be enhanced. Thus the facilitatory action is not due simply to a rebound phenomenon. Finally, no correlation between the effects of morphine on self-stimulation behavior and on wheel-running activity was observed.
142 citations
TL;DR: The mouse Mullerian epithelium has proved to be very valuable for studying many basic aspects of cellular differentiation problems; it may also contribute to elucidation of epithelial changes in the human cervix uteri.
135 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons indicate that women with epilepsy experience an excess of complications during pregnancy and labour, and that their babies are more frequently born prematurely and of low birth weight, and moreover have an exceed of congenital malformations and higher perinatal and neonatal mortality rates.
Abstract: Information derived from the compulsory national scheme of medical registration of births in Norway has been utilized in a study of the course and outcome of pregnancy in women with epilepsy The series comprises 371 pregnancies in women with epilepsy and, as controls, 112530 pregnancies in women reporting no disease before or during the pregnancy Comparisons indicate that women with epilepsy experience an excess of complications during pregnancy and labour, and that their babies are more frequently born prematurely and of low birth weight, and moreover have an excess of congenital malformations and higher perinatal and neonatal mortality rates Epileptics, undoubtedly, constitute a high risk group in need of special attention during pregnancy and special care during labour A proper interpretation of the findings in terms of causation, however, will call for additional data obtainable only through especially designed inquiries
124 citations
TL;DR: A new method has been developed for studying interstitial fluid protein concentration in rats by sewn into subcutaneous tissue of ether anesthetized rats, which showed an irregular rise in concentrations after more than 2 h implantation was delayed by antihistamine/antiserotonin treatment.
Abstract: A new method has been developed for studying interstitial fluid protein concentration: A 3 cm long and 0.5 mm thick nylon thread was sewn into subcutaneous tissue of ether anesthetized rats and left for equilibration with interstitial fluid for 35 to 240 min. The wick was then pulled out, both ends cut off, and the middle part quickly transferred to a tared vial containing 2 ml saline and weighed. Blood-stained wicks, about 1 out of 5, were discarded. After 24 h elution the wick was removed, dried and weighed, allowing calculation of wick fluid volume. Total protein, albumin and hemoglobin concentrations were measured in the eluate. Hemoglobin concentration was less than 0.2 g/100 ml in all but one wick. Implantation of 73 wicks in 24 rats for 35 to 120 min gave an average albumin concentration of 2.10 (S.D. 0.24) g/100 ml, or 63% of plasma albumin concentration. Total protein concentration in 80 wicks averaged 3.44 (S.D. 0.30) g/100 ml, 56% of plasma. The concentrations did not change during this time interval and were reduced by less than 10% by antihistamine/antiserotonin treatment. An irregular rise in concentrations after more than 2 h implantation was delayed by antihistamine/antiserotonin.
112 citations
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that cells and blood vessels in the hyalinized zones are damaged to an extent where restitution to normal function is inconceivable.
Abstract: In order to characterize the ultrastructural alterations of cells, vasculature and fibrils that occur on the pressure side of the periodontal ligament when teeth are subjected to orthodontic forces of a magnitude generally used in clinical practice, eleven premolar teeth were moved buccally by means of a fixed appliance. The experimental periods were 2, 21 and 50 days. Previous light microscopic observations of cellular and vascular disturbances in compressed zones of the periodontal ligament were verified. In addition, ultrastructural details of the process of degeneration and necrosis of cells and vascular elements were obtained. It was demonstrated that cells and blood vessels in the hyalinized zones are damaged to an extent where restitution to normal function is inconceivable. Although collagen fibrils disintegrated by longitudinal splitting into filaments without periodicity, the majority of fibrils retained the cross striations. Apart from differences related to the time factor, there was close agr...
110 citations
TL;DR: Cryostat sections of 10 malignant human tumours of various types strongly adsorbed erythrocytes sensitized with IgG antibodies and normal spleen and lymph nodes showed medium Strong and thymus weak reactions.
Abstract: Cryostat sections of 10 malignant human tumours of various types strongly adsorbed erythrocytes sensitized with IgG antibodies Normal spleen and lymph nodes showed medium Strong and thymus weak reactions. The receptors in tissue have affinity for the Fc-portion of Ig, and (phospho)lipids are common consituents.
An antiserum to a lymphoma inhibited receptor activity of all tissues. Spleen and tumour tissue removed this inhibiting activity.
Tentatively, the malignant tissue seems to carry membrane receptor(s) similar in nature to receptor(s) on B lymphocytes.
81 citations
TL;DR: A total of 125 485 single, live births with known sex and birth weight, and a gestation period estimated to be from 28.0 to 48.9 weeks, were registered in Norway in 196 and 1968, which is used in a study of the relation between birth weight and gestation period.
Abstract: Summary
A total number of 125 485 single, live births with known sex and birth weight, and a gestation period estimated to be from 28.0 to 48.9 weeks, were registered in Norway in 196 and 1968. Information about these births pro vided by a national scheme of medical registration of births is used in a study of the relation between birth weight and gestation period.
An almost linear relation was found to exist for gestation periods of 35 to 42 weeks. In this interval, median birth weight increased about 200 g a week. At the same gestation period male births were found to be on the average about 150 g heavier than female births. Parity also had a notable influence on birth weight. For gestation periods of 35 weeks and more, the birth weight of a first born male was found to average about 170 g less than that of a second and subsequently born. For female births the difference was 130 g.
The material is suggested for use as reference for birth weight at various gestation periods and tables are included for this purpose.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, all charged particles of transverse momentum p T between 1.5 and 4.4 GeV/c at center of mass angles 90° and 59.4° from p-p-collisions with √ s = 44 and 53 GeV has been measured.
77 citations
TL;DR: These results strongly suggest that the energy-dependent mechanism of accumulation is responsible for a movement of iron across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the nonlinear streaming effects associated with oscillatory motion in a viscous fluid and showed that the condition to be satisfied by the Reynolds number is less stringent than was previously supposed.
Abstract: This paper deals with nonlinear streaming effects associated with oscillatory motion in a viscous fluid. A previous theory by Holtsmark et al. (1954) for the streaming near a circular cylinder in an incompressible fluid of infinite extent is reconsidered and used to obtain new numerical results, which are compared with earlier observations. The regime of validity of this theory is considered. The condition to be satisfied by the Reynolds number is found to be less stringent than was previously supposed.The more recent theory by Wang (1968) based on the outer–inner expansion technique is discussed and corrected with the Stokes drift.The case of an incompressible fluid enclosed between two coaxial cylinders, one of which is oscillating, is considered in detail. New theoretical and experimental results are given for various values of the parameters involved (Reynolds number, amplitude and cylinder radii).
TL;DR: The major metabolic reactions of p-methoxyallylbenzene were found to be O-demethylation to p-hydroxyallyl Benzene and oxidation of the allylic side chain to p -hydroxy-3-(p-Methoxyphenyl)propionic acid which was largely excreted as p- methoxyhippuric acid.
Abstract: 1. The metabolism of p-methoxyallylbenzene (estragole) and p-methoxy-propenylbenzene (anethole) in the rat has been investigated. The metabolites were identified and quantitatively determined mainly by g.l.c. and by combined g.l.c.-mass spectrometry.2. The major metabolic reactions of p-methoxyallylbenzene were found to be O-demethylation to p-hydroxyallylbenzene and oxidation of the allylic side chain to p-hydroxy-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid or to p-methoxybenzoic acid (anisic acid) which was largely excreted as p-methoxyhippuric acid. The former oxidative pathway involved epoxidation of the double bond and subsequent hydration to the diol whereas the latter pathway involved migration of the double bond and the formation of cinnamoyl intermediates. Other reactions gave rise to 1-(p-methoxyphenyl)allyl alcohol and to p-methoxyphenylacetic acid and its glycine conjugate. A total of at least 60–65% but as much as 90% dose was accounted for.3. A major metabolic reaction of p-methoxypropenylbenz...
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact parameter dependences and total cross-sections for various electron shells are evaluated and discussed for the semi-classical model and further experiments are suggested to test the validity of the SCA model.
TL;DR: Amphetamine-induced rotation may involve the release of dopamine, without the involvement of striatal 5-HT, and represent Amphetamine stereotyped behaviour and potentiated rotation may represent amphetamine locomotor stimulation and involve therelease of noradrenaline but a dopaminergic influence cannot be excluded.
TL;DR: Results of experiments with additions of orthophosphate and cycloheximide to derepressed cells, indicated that the derepressible enzyme was relatively unstable, while its m-RNA was relatively stable.
Abstract: De novo synthesis of phosphatase (derepression) in orthophosphate deprived synchronously growing Chlamydomonas reinhardti has been demonstrated by using a double labelling isotope technique coupled with cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Repressed and derepressed phosphatase exhibited different enzymatic properties as pH optimum, electrophoretic pattern, Km and Ki values. Especially the acid phosphatase was located near the cell surface.
Inorganic, cold TCA-extractable 32P, decreased during the first 1–2 h after phosphate deprivation when there was little or no net synthesis of phosphatase.
Results of experiments with additions of orthophosphate and cycloheximide to derepressed cells, indicated that the derepressible enzyme was relatively unstable, while its m-RNA was relatively stable.
TL;DR: In this paper, a reanalysis of available data showed that the uptake of phosphate and sulfate in plants and tissues is mediated by single, multiphasic mechanisms which may be fundamentally similar in a variety of plants.
Abstract: Uptake of phosphate and sulfate is shown by reanalysis of available data to be mediated by single, multiphasic mechanisms which may be fundamentally similar in a variety of plants and tissues.
TL;DR: There is a passive transepidermal diffusion of serum proteins into psoriatic lesions and specific antibodies are bound in the parakeratotic stratum corneum, and the antigen/antibody complexes fix anti‐IgG factors and complement, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Abstract: Saline extracts of scales from patients with psoriasis contained lgG, IgM, IgA and C3, but IgM was only present in scales from patients with erythroderma. All extracts agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes; those from erythroderma scales gave highest titres. In addition the extracts contained Antibodies to stratum corneum and anti-IgG factors. In saline extracts of thoroughly washed tissue antibodies could not be demonstrated. However, eluates prepared from the tissue sediments (56°C) contained antibodies to stratum corneum. anti-IgG factors and C3. Apparently, there is a passive transepidermal diffusion of serum proteins into psoriatic lesions and specific antibodies are bound in the parakeratotic stratum corneum. The antigen/antibody complexes fix anti-IgG factors and complement, These immunological mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
TL;DR: In this article, single, multiphasic mechanisms located in the plasmalemma and the tonoplast are proposed to mediate ion uptake in cells of higher plants.
Abstract: Single, multiphasic mechanisms located in the plasmalemma and the tonoplast are proposed to mediate ion uptake in cells of higher plants. There are no parallel uptake mechanisms and, normally, little or no free diffusion across the plasmalemma. The plasmalemma controls the rate of uptake at low external salt concentrations, while the tonoplast may become rate-limiting at high concentrations.
TL;DR: Otoliths were used for age determination and B. glaciale is shown to grow faster and to have a higher maximum length in Norway than off Nova Scotia.
Abstract: Age and growth of Benthosema glaciale collected by midwater trawl in western Norway have been studied. Otoliths were used for age determination. The mean annual mortality in age groups I to IV was 52 %. Older specimens were sparse. Growth was fastest in winter. Back calculation of growth based on otoliths was tried, but the results deviated from those obtained by direct observations of length and age. B. glaciale is shown to grow faster and to have a higher maximum length in Norway than off Nova Scotia.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the mechanism of the energy-dependent loading with iron is similar to that of Ca 2+ .
TL;DR: In this article, a reanalysis of available data showed that the uptake of alkali cations, metal ions, chloride, and boric acid is mediated by single, multiphasic mechanisms.
Abstract: Uptake of alkali cations, metal ions, chloride, and boric acid is shown by reanalysis of available data to be mediated by single, multiphasic mechanisms which may be fundamentally similar in a variety of plants and tissues.
TL;DR: A preliminary contour map showing the Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho) beneath Fennoscandia, adjacent parts of the Norwegian Sea and the North Sea has been compiled on the basis of published information from deep seismic soundings.
TL;DR: The matrix of the new cementum and alveolar bone which had been deposited during the period of repair of the tooth attachment appeared more granular than the old hard tissues, due to a lower content of fibrillar elements.
Abstract: — Changes of the periodontal fibers and their attachment to cementum and alveolar bone in pressure zones of rat molars subjected to experimental forces were studied in the transmission electron microscope. In 67 rats, one maxillary first molar was moved buccally with a fixed appliance, using forces of 5–25 g. After experimental periods of 30 min to 28 d the animals were sacrificed and the experimental teeth with surrounding periodontal structures were processed for electron microscopy. After 24 h individual fibrils revealed bending and loss of functional orientation, while dense packing of fibrillar elements in irregular arrangement was a characteristic finding between 3 and 7 d. Within localized areas non-striated filaments had formed by longitudinal splitting of collagen fibrils. Even in the hyalinized zones of longest duration (7–14 d) less than 5% of the area seen in the electron microscope had degraded in this manner. Regenerative processes predominated in the 14–28 d specimens. The apposition of cementum and alveolar bone had come to a halt during hyalinization, as indicated by distinct demarcation lines. The matrix of the new cementum and alveolar bone which had been deposited during the period of repair of the tooth attachment appeared more granular than the old hard tissues, due to a lower content of fibrillar elements.
TL;DR: One hundred thirty-four Greek Cypriot and 51 Turkish Cyprus student teachers evaluated Cyprus now and in five years' time under four contingencies (peace, war, Enosis, and Taksim) on self-anchoring scales. as discussed by the authors showed that the Cyprus conflict may be regarded as a Prisoner's Dilemma game where war is not seen as the worst possibility by either side, and peace offers a Pareto-optimal solution.
Abstract: One hundred thirty-four Greek Cypriot and 51 Turkish Cypriot student teachers evaluated Cyprus now and in five years' time under four contingencies (peace, war, Enosis, and Taksim) on self-anchoring scales. Presentation of the resulting measures of utility in matrix form shows that of the 78 possible nonequivalent 2 x 2 games, the Cyprus conflict may be regarded as a Prisoner's Dilemma game where war is not seen as the worst possibility by either side, and peace offers a Pareto-optimal solution. Measures to resolve such conflicts suggested by the experimental literature are discussed.
TL;DR: It is estimated that about 40% of the unreactive lysines can be accounted for by isopeptide bonds forming the dipeptide ϵ(γ-glutamyl)lysine, which was found in membrane protein subfractions soluble in 1 mM EDTA, and in the insoluble residue remaining after exhaustive extraction with 1 mMEDTA, 0.8 M NaCl, and ethanol-ether.
TL;DR: The slave raid or ghazwa, penetrating into the Baḥr al-Ghazal and what is now the Central African Republic, marked the triumph of Sudanic state organization over the acephalous societies to the south as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The institutions of slavery, slave raiding and the slave trade were fundamental in the rise and expansion of the Keira Sultanate of Dār Fūr. The development of a long-distance trade in slaves may be due to immigrants from the Nile, who probably provided the impetus to state formation. This process may be remembered in the ‘Wise Stranger’ traditions current in the area. The slave raid or ghazwa, penetrating into the Baḥr al-Ghazāl and what is now the Central African Republic, marked the triumph of Sudanic state organization over the acephalous societies to the south.The slaves, who were carefully classified, were not only exported to Egypt and North Africa, but also served the sultans and the title-holding elite as soldiers, labourers and bureaucrats. In the latter role, the slaves began to encroach on the power of traditional ruling groups within the state; the conflict between the slave bureaucrats and the traditional ruling elite lasted until the end of the first Keira Sultanate in 1874.
TL;DR: The theory has been confirmed experimentally in the determination of S¯ − values and the distribution between supernatant and sediment of intact mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes of rat liver homogenates and the effect of particle concentration on the S ¯ − values of mitochondria has been determined.
TL;DR: A 4% lead acetate solution with formalin added proved the best fixative for the preservation of the humanmast cells, whereas staining with Astra-blue appeared the superior technique for demonstrating the human mast cells.
Abstract: – The investigation concerns the preservation and demonstration of human mast cells in undemineralized material. The material comprised human apical granulomas and radicular cysts dissected from extracted teeth or obtained by apicoectomy and cyst removal. Chronically inflamed human gingiva, rat tongue, and rat peritoneum served as control tissues. The following fixations were tested: 4% formaldehyde solution buffered to pH 7.2, Newcomer's fluid, and a 4% aqueous solution of basic lead acetate with formalin 1:10 added. The following dyes and fluorochromes were tested: toluidine blue in various concentrations and at various pH values, Astra-blue, the esterase substrate naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate in combination with GBC, acridine orange in various concentrations and at various pH values, berberine-sulfate, and thioflavin T. Abundant mast cells were demonstrated in all granulomas and cysts with at least one of the staining methods tested. A 4% lead acetate solution with formalin added proved the best fixative for the preservation of the human mast cells, whereas staining with Astra-blue appeared the superior technique for demonstrating the human mast cells. Acridine orange showed the best secondary fluorescence of the fluorochromes tested. The best results with this dye were obtained using a 0.03% solution in 5% AlSO4.
TL;DR: In this article, deuteric oxidation class I basalts were extracted from the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) holes in the Atlantic Ocean and compared with those obtained from dredge hauls.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found the remnants of large stone huts surrounded by middens rich in reindeer bones in Hardangervidda, Sweden. But they were forced into the water, there to be killed by the hunters.
Abstract: At some of the lakes on the mountain plateau Hardangervidda are found the remnants of large stone huts surrounded by middens rich in reindeer bones. On the opposite side of the lakes from these huts a number of cairns making up drift fences indicate that the animals were forced into the water, there to be killed by the hunters. It appears that the method ‐ which was in use until the Black Death ‐ on the western side of Hardangervidda was known from before the Christian era, whilst on the eastern side it was first introduced in the Early Medieval Period. The author discusses this variation and relates it to population movements and social change.