Showing papers by "University of Bergen published in 1982"
TL;DR: Pulsed Doppler technique was combined with real-time B-mode ultrasonography for non-invasive measurement of human fetal blood flow in utero and the reproducibility of diameter measurement was tested in vivo.
174 citations
TL;DR: In this article, 75 subjects were asked to make color preference choices at regular intervals during their working day, some for as many as 8 days, and the typical patterns of color choices that occurred clearly displayed the expected reversal effect over time and were considerably more consistent with reversal theory than with optimal arousal theory.
Abstract: The theory of psychological reversals asserts that there are two levels of preferred felt arousal, one high and one low. Only one of them is preferred at a given time, although discrete switches (“reversals”) occur from time to time, so that each level is preferred at different times. In order to document such changes in preferred levels of arousal, 75 subjects were asked to make color preference choices at regular intervals during their working day, some for as many as 8 days. The assumption was that different colors are arousing or relaxing, and that color choice indicates arousal preference. The typical patterns of color choices that occurred clearly displayed the expected reversal effect over time and were considerably more consistent with reversal theory than with optimal arousal theory. In a second study, 41 new subjects were asked to respond to a simple mood adjective checklist each time they made their color preference choices. The results strongly supported the association between arousal preference and color preference and also supported the reversal theory thesis that low arousal preference is associated with seriousness and planning orientation (all these characterizing the “telic state”), and that high arousal preference is associated with playfulness and spontaneity (all these characterizing the “paratelic state”). Finally, both studies showed that there is a systematic tendency for long-wavelength colors to induce feelings of high arousal and for short-wavelength colors to induce feelings of low arousal.
143 citations
TL;DR: It appears that the hormones of the vitamin D system add another dimension to the endocrinology of growth and puberty.
Abstract: To relate the vitamin D metabolism in puberty to sex, sexual maturation, and, indirectly, to growth velocity and cessation of growth, the plasma level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D], and 25,26-(OH)2D were measured in 191 adolescents representing all stages of puberty. In girls, 1,25- (OH)2D3 increased from age 11 yr to a peak at 12 yr of age (P<0.0005) and then decreased. In boys, the increase occurred between 13–14 yr of age (P<0.005), with a subsequent decline. When the 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were related to the stage of puberty, the girls showed a maximal increase between stages 1 and 2 (P<0.0005), with a peak at stage 3, whereas the boys had a significant increase from stage 2 to a peak at stage 3 (P<0.01). In both sexes, there were subsequent significantly decreasing values to stage 4 through stage 5. The ratio of 24,25- (0H)2D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D varied inversely with the 1,25- (0H)2D concentration, with the lowest value...
133 citations
TL;DR: The growth of gonads from January until spawning can explain about one-third of the energy decrease in liver and muscle in mature and immature cod.
Abstract: Seasonal energy changes in mature and immature cod of the same size were studied. For most of the year, the variations in energy content in the tissues of both mature and immature cod are similar. In the period from October to January, the fish accumulate energy. From January until spawning in early April there is a fall in the total energy content. The growth of gonads from January until spawning can explain about one-third of the energy decrease in liver and muscle.
130 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, multichannel seismic data from the continental margin off Svalbard between the Senja and Spitsbergen fracture zones suggests that the transition between continental and oceanic crust is located at or close to the Hornsund Fault Zone.
122 citations
TL;DR: An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic system for the quantitation of AMP, ADP and ATP is presented and a selective retention of the adenine nucleotides as a group relative to the mono, di and triphosphates of guanosine, uridine and cytidine was observed.
119 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied a lacustrine-fan delta succession in a marginal tract of Hornelen Basin and found that occasional lakes were infilled by marginal accretion and progradation of the adjacent fluvial system, and that arthropod tracks, trails and burrows were present in the fine sediments (mudflats, pools and low bars) of this latter zone.
101 citations
TL;DR: Differences in ability to metabolize arsenate indicate that freshwater but not terrestrial plants have evolved mechanisms for rapid detoxication of arsenate, arsenite and other toxic arsenic species.
Abstract: Freshwater and terrestrial plants differ markedly in their ability to metabolize arsenate In experiments with higher terrestrial plants, eg tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Better boy, 74As-arsenate was readily taken up and reduced to arsenite Methylation and reduction to methanearsonic acid, methanearsinic acid (indicated for the first time) and dimethylarsinic acid were apparent only in phosphate deficient plants Lower and higher freshwater plants, eg Nitella tenuissima Kutz and Lemna minima Phill, not only methylated arsenic but also produced considerable amounts of an arsoniumphospholipid previously identified in marine algae These differences indicate that freshwater but not terrestrial plants have evolved mechanisms for rapid detoxication of arsenate, arsenite and other toxic arsenic species
98 citations
TL;DR: The data indicates that the survivors beyond the starvation period are larger by 0.18 mm on average, important with regard to the question of whether starvation is an important mechanism for larval mortality in the sea.
Abstract: Larval turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were reared in a large marine enclosure and in plastic bags in southern Norway. Samples of larvae in the enclosure were taken during the first 12 d of life to estimate individual body growth based on back calculations from daily growth rings on their otoliths. Size selective mortality was documented for these larvae in the predator-free enclosure. Starvation in the laboratory occurred on the seventh day. In the enclosure, a mortality rate of 18.1% d-1 prevailed. Our data indicates that the survivors beyond the starvation period are larger by 0.18 mm on average. This result is important with regard to the question of whether starvation is an important mechanism for larval mortality in the sea. A possible means of estimating the relative effects of starvation versus predation based on these results and the backcalculation technique is suggested.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the intensity profile of the O 1s ESCA spectrum is understood in terms of single excitations from the 3a 1 and the 1b 1 orbitals to low lying virtual MOs.
89 citations
TL;DR: The Glu2,Asp3-analog, prepared synthetically, displayed similar activities and when applied in vivo showed effects on the hemopoietic system ranging from an inhibition of pluripotent and committed stem cells to variations in the bone marrow proliferation and alterations in peripheral blood counts.
Abstract: A peptide was isolated in pure form from human leukocytes which strongly inhibits the proliferation of immature myeloid cells in vitro (committed stem cells). Structural investigations yielded pGlu-Asp or Glu-Asp or Glu-Cys-Lys-OH as the probable sequence of this peptide. The Glu2, Asp3-analog, prepared synthetically, displayed similar activities and when applied in vivo showed effects on the hemopoietic system ranging from an inhibition of pluripotent and committed stem cells to variations in the bone marrow proliferation and alterations in peripheral blood counts.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors worked out a model for the initial accumulation of primary magma, which is caused by the compaction of the residuum, which either may be controlled by the rate of creep, or by the flow of the interstitial melt.
Abstract: The initial accumulation of primary magma occurs just after the mantle has become permeable. The accumulation is caused by the compaction of the residuum, which either may be controlled by the rate of creep, or by the rate of flow of the interstitial melt. Experimental results suggest that the rate of compaction is controlled by the permeability, and a model for the accumulation process is worked out on this basis. The compaction causes the formation of a lower compaction boundary and an upper layer of melt. The ascending mantle of plumes and convection currents will form layers of melt situated 20–100 m apart. The type of partial melting for this accumulation is critical melting.
TL;DR: A transient facial rash in six healthy female operators of visual display units is described and circumstantial evidence strongly favours a link between the rash and the working conditions.
Abstract: A transient facial rash in six healthy female operators of visual display units is described. The cause has not been established, but circumstantial evidence strongly favours a link between the rash and the working conditions. A study performed to establish the aetiology is described.
TL;DR: There exists a tonic inhibitory influence with diurnal variations on spinal nociceptive reflexes in the rat, and the data reported suggest that this inhibition is mediated by descending 5‐HT pathways.
Abstract: Tail-flick latency (TFL) was tested in intact and spinally transected rats. Spinal transection permanently lowered the TFL by 25–30%. A diurnal rhythm in nociception was found in intact but not in spinal rats with maximum sensitivity during the early light period. Administration of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists metergoline (0.06–2.0 mg/kg), mianserin (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) or methiothepin (0.1–2.5 mg/kg) reduced the TFL of normal rats to the same level as that of the transected animals. The diurnal variation in TFL was also abolished by metergoline. Neither drug changed the TFL of the transected rats. The 5-HT agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT, 0.5–2.0 mg/kg) induced the 5-HT syndrome in intact rats and elicited spinal reflexes in the transected animals. Concomitantly, the TFLs of both groups were elevated to the same maximum level, approximately 25% above normal TFL of intact rats. Transected rats consistently responded to lower doses than intact rats, indicating 5-HT receptor supersensitivity. The 5-MeODMT effects were reversed by administration of 5-HT antagonists. Administration of the 5-HT precursor dl -5-hydroxytryptophan (200 mg/kg), after inhibition of peripheral decarboxylation by carbidopa (75 mg/kg), also elevated the TFL and induced other behavioral signs of 5-HT stimulation. It is concluded that there exists a tonic inhibitory influence with diurnal variations on spinal nociceptive reflexes in the rat. The data reported suggest that this inhibition is mediated by descending 5-HT pathways.
TL;DR: A group of young men volunteering for military service in the United States Navy were studied during an acute stress situation, and there was a significant relationship between high anxiety, and defense mechanisms on the one hand, and physiological responses on the other.
TL;DR: The heterogeneous pattern of muscle fiber directions and relative displacement of various muscle elements during work, may induce shear forces causing focal vessel obstructions that are different during contraction and stretch that may explain the greater impediment to blood flow in central than in peripheral regions during contraction.
Abstract: The tissue fluid equilibration pressure in central and peripheral regions of rat calf muscles has been measured by needles with large smoothed sideholes. Short equilibration periods were normally achieved although saline was not infused. Tissue fluid pressure during rest remained constant at -2 to 0 mmHg. During sustained isometric contraction the average tissue fluid pressure rose almost linearly with increasing force of contraction. The average pressure in the central inner zone of the muscle reached 220 +/- 80 mmHg during maximal force, whereas the average pressure in the outer peripheral zone increased to 85 +/- 56 mmHg, markedly less than in the central zone. Thus, this difference in regional tissue pressure may possibly explain the greater impediment to blood flow in central than in peripheral regions during contraction shown previously by Wisnes & Kirkebo (1976). Although a corresponding regional pressure difference was observed during passive stretch of the muscle, the absolute tissue pressures were much smaller. However, the heterogeneous pattern of muscle fiber directions and relative displacement of various muscle elements during work, may induce shear forces causing focal vessel obstructions that are different during contraction and stretch.
TL;DR: There was a correlation between the site 1 selectivity and the ability of the analog to stimulate the binding of [3H]cIMP, which selects site 2, and it is proposed that in intact tissues cAMPbinding to site 1 of either isozyme stimulates the binding to site 2.
Abstract: The effects of numerous cAMP analogs present in the [3H]cAMP binding reaction on subsequent dissociation of [3H]cAMP from the regulatory subunit of CAMP-dependent protein kinase I and I1 were analyzed. Certain analogs with modification at either C-8 or C-2 showed relative selectivity for one (site 1) of two intrachain cAMP binding sites of both isozymes. Modification at C-6 caused selectivity for the second site (site 2). The combination of a site-I-directed and site-Zdirected analog inhibited [3H]cAMP binding much more than did either analog alone. In general, there was a correlation between the site 1 selectivity and the ability of the analog to stimulate the binding of [3H]clMP, which selects site 2. The site-1-directed analogs stimulated the initial rate of [3H]cIMP binding. The stimulatory effect was enhanced in the presence of a polycationic protein such as histone and was inhibited by high ionic strength. The type I and II isozymes exhibited large differences in analog specificity for this effect. For type I, of the analogs tested the most efficacious for stimulating [3H]cIMP binding were those containing a nitrogen atom attached to C-8, 8-aminobutylamino-CAMP being the most effective. Type I1 responded best to analogs con- taining a sulfur atom attached to C-8, 8-SH-CAMP being the most effective of those tested. The stimulatory effect was accentuated in the presence of MgATP when using type I, but this nucleotide had no effect when using type II. It is proposed that in intact tissues cAMP binding to site 1 of either isozyme stimulates the binding to site 2.
TL;DR: In this article, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Test (TMAS) was used as a moderator variable and a significant correlation between reduction on the reasoning test and the combined score high anxiety/high defense was obtained (χ2=15.23, phi = 0.83, p<0.02).
Abstract: Perceptual defense reactions as tested by the Defense Mechanism Test (DMT) correlated to specific performance criteria in parachutists and divers. In the parachute study (N=34), 8 trainees were identified on the Reaction Formation variable of the DMT, and 6 were among the Ss (N=8) who failed the performance test (χ2=15.14, phi =0.67, p<0.001). In the diver study (N=45), performance was impaired by the nitrogen narcosis produced by the high partial pressure of nitrogen. Memory was significant reduced both when recall and learning were done under narcosis (t(44)=4.08, p<0.01, and t(44)=4.90, p<0.01). The reduction on reasoning capacity proved insignificant, but using the median reduction as cut score, the Reaction Formation variable correlated significantly with the reduction (χ2=6.51, phi =0.39, p<0.02). Memory and learning effect/reasoning tests did not correlate to any of the DMT variables using the median as a cut score. Using the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Test (TMAS) as a moderator variable, a significant correlation between reduction on the reasoning test and the combined score high anxiety/high defense was obtained (χ2=15.23, phi = 0.83, p<0.001).
TL;DR: No significant difference in cytosol oestradiol concentration was found in receptor-positive and negative pre- and postmenopausal women, which would indicate that factors other than plasma levels influence tissue availability of ostradiol.
TL;DR: It seems that hypodontia has little effect on the general growth pattern, and that orthodontic treatment in hypodrontia patients should follow the same guidelines in relation to growth as in any other children.
Abstract: The effect of hypodontia on the general growth pattern was studied by comparing the same hypodontia group (n female = 18, n male = 12) with a control group (n female = 12, n male - 14) at the ages 9 and 16. The length of the maxilla was shorter in individuals with hypodontia, otherwise only minor differences were observed. It thus seems that hypodontia has little effect on the general growth pattern, and that orthodontic treatment in hypodontia patients should follow the same guidelines in relation to growth as in any other children.
TL;DR: Calculation of a diversity index based on specific and total counts is proposed as a way of characterizing the dynamics of organotrophic bacterial populations in the sea.
Abstract: Of 34 strains of marine bacteria isolated on a general seawater medium, 5 were selected for detailed studies of their population dynamics in the plankton. The isolates were characterized as Aeromonas sp., Chromobacterium cf. lividum, Vibrio sp., and two Pseudomonas spp. Specific antibodies were produced by immunization of rabbits, and bacterial cells were stained on black Uni-Pore membrane filters by an indirect immunofluorescent staining procedure. The method proved to be very specific and practical for use in a large-scale field sampling program. Growth of all five isolates was stimulated by high values for net primary production, chlorophyll a, and dissolved organic carbon. Calculation of a diversity index based on specific and total counts is proposed as a way of characterizing the dynamics of organotrophic bacterial populations in the sea.
TL;DR: The study of formation and decline of the arrenurid stylostome in zygopterans renders it possible to trace cellular defence reactions under natural conditions and thwart the ability of the host to recognize them as foreign bodies.
TL;DR: It is concluded that flecainide acetate prolongs atrial and ventricular conduction and refractoriness, and thus appears to be a potent antiarrhythmic agent, however, the sinus nodal function is depressed, and therefore caution is advised in the use of flecains nodal dysfunction in patients with sinus nodsal dysfunction.
Abstract: Flecainide acetate (R818) is a new antiarrhythmic agent for oral and intravenous use; it has predominantly class I properties and a long plasma half-life. Electrophysiologic effects were evaluated in 11 patients with sinus nodal dysfunction before administration of flecainide acetate and 15 to 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 1.5 mg/kg body weight of flecainide acetate given over 15 minutes. In 8 of 11 patients with maximal sinus nodal recovery time increased after flecainide acetate. However, the mean maximal sinus nodal recovery time was not statistically significantly increased from 1,929 +/- 184 (mean +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]) to 2,770 +/- 500 ms (p less than 0.10). The corrected sinus nodal recovery time increased from 875 +/- 181 before to 1,727 +/- 507 ms after administration of flecainide acetate (p less than 0.05). The sinus cycle length and sinoatrial conduction time were not significantly changed. Flecainide acetate induced a marked prolongation of the H-V interval (from 41 +/- 3 to 52 +/- 4 mg [p less than 0.01]) as well as a significant increase in the A-H interval, QRS duration, and QT100 interval. The effective and functional refractory periods of the atria increased by 12% (p less than 0.01) and 11% (p less than 0.01), respectively. The atrioventricular (AV) nodal functional refractory period increased significantly by 7% (p less than 0.01), whereas the 9% prolongation of the effective refractory period was not statistically significant. No side effects were observed. It is concluded that flecainide acetate prolongs atrial and ventricular conduction and refractoriness, and thus appears to be a potent antiarrhythmic agent. However, the sinus nodal function is depressed, and thus caution is advised in the use of flecainide acetate in patients with sinus nodal dysfunction.
TL;DR: Eight sexually inexperienced male rats were exposed to odors from female urine and showed an orienting reaction to the stimulus, characterized by sniffing and directing the head and body upward into the vertical air stream indicating that the response was not due to artefacts.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that this propagation and migration of the ridge-transform system across a zone of extensional deviatoric stress allowed the massive intrusion of basalt forming the Western Yermak Plateau.
TL;DR: The silver soldered stainless steel wire corroded more than the cobalt-chromium type, and liberated more nickel and chromium than did the Cobalt- chromium wires.
Abstract: The amounts of metals liberated from silver soldered stainless steel and cobalt-chromium orthodontic wires were measured. Measurements were taken after 3 days and 24 days immersion in 0.9 % sodium chloride solution. High amounts of copper and zinc and some cadmium from the silver solder were found. The silver soldered stainless steel wire corroded more than the cobalt-chromium type, and liberated more nickel and chromium than did the cobalt-chromium wires.
TL;DR: The view that reduction of IIi plays an important role as an oedema preventing factor in patients with hypoproteinaemia is supported.
Abstract: Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (IIp) and in interstitial fluid from subcutaneous tissue (IIi) was measured in 13 patients with nephrotic syndrome and in 20 healthy volunteers. Interstitial fluid was sampled by nylon wicks, and interstitial fluid pressure was measured by the 'wick-in-needle' technique. In the persons with normal plasma proteins we found a mean IIp of 26.9 mmHg, a mean IIi of 15.8 mmHg on the thorax, and a mean IIi of 11.1 mmHg on the lower leg. A fall of IIp from normal values to 16.5 mmHg caused a fall in IIi of about 8 mmHg on the thorax and about 7 mmHg on the leg without oedema formation. In patients with IIp from 16.0 mmHg down to 8.0 mmHg, IIi did not change very much, and was about 5.5 mmHg on the thorax and 2.6 mmHg on the leg. These results support the view that reduction of IIi plays an important role as an oedema preventing factor in patients with hypoproteinaemia.
TL;DR: The strength of the tibiae was greatest on the side with flexible nailing, as was the deformation at fracture, and the mean stiffness was higher in the bones with rigid nails, but the difference here was not statistically discernible.
Abstract: Bilateral tibial osteotomy with fracturing of the fibula was performed on ten Wistar rats weighing 300–350 g. Intramedullary nailing was performed with 1.4 mm nails after reaming. On the left side solid stainless rods were used, while on the right side the nails had a middle part made of titanium-nickel wire covered with polyvinyl-chloride (PVC), giving the nail a high degree of flexibility.After 8 weeks, nine of the ten flexible nails showed fracture of the central wire. The continuity was, however, maintained by the PVC tube. The bones with flexible nailing always showed hypertrophic callus while there was only scanty callus on the side with rigid nailing.Strength, deformation at fracture and stiffness were measured in a three-point bending test after removal of the solid nails and the fibulae. The strength of the tibiae was greatest on the side with flexible nailing, as was the deformation at fracture. The mean stiffness was higher in the bones with rigid nails, but the difference here was not statisti...
TL;DR: Observations support the view that wick fluid reflects interstitial tissue fluid with respect to colloid osmotic pressure when the wicks are implanted for 60 min, and that wicks were 'primed' with serum proteins or not.
Abstract: Interstitial fluid was collected from human subcutaneous tissue by implantation of multifilamentous nylon wicks on the side of thorax. The skin was anaesthetized by a small injection of lidocaine. Direct measurement of colloid osmotic pressure in a control group of 20 healthy volunteers gave a mean of 15.8 (SD 2.3) mmHg in wick fluid and 26.9 (SD 4.1) mmHg in serum samples. Standard deviation of the method for wick fluid samples was 1.2 mmHg. Significant blood contamination occurred in less than 20% of the wicks. Fluid content in wicks varied within narrow limits independent of its colloid osmotic pressure. The dynamics of wick fluid protein uptake was studied by uptake of 131I albumin from plasma, and by measurement of colloid osmotic pressure after 30, 60, 120 and 180 min of implantation. The results showed an initial rapid uptake from plasma of a major part of the wick fluid proteins within 30 min. After 120 min wick fluid colloid osmotic pressure reached the same level whether the wicks were ‘primed’ ...
TL;DR: Water and protein contents of muscle and gonad index of sexually mature and immature cod of the same size were studied throughout a one-year cycle suggesting that little of the seasonal variations of mature cod can be explained by reproductive processes.
Abstract: Water and protein contents of muscle and gonad index of sexually mature and immature cod of the same size were studied throughout a one-year cycle. In mature cod, the gonad was found to increase isometrically with fish weight suggesting that the relative energy demand for gonadal growth is independent of fish size. Spawning took place in late March or early April. Similar seasonal variations of water and protein contents of the muscle occurred in both mature and immature cod. In December to February, the protein content reached a maximum and water content a minimum, and in March to April, protein content was low, whereas the water content of the muscle was at a maximum. Since mature and immature cod showed the same variations in body composition, it is suggested that little of the seasonal variations of mature cod can be explained by reproductive processes.