Showing papers by "University of Bergen published in 1985"
TL;DR: The results indicate that the formalin test is useful for evaluating mild analgesics and may have advantages over some of the tests that are commonly used for testing analgesics.
845 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1985TL;DR: The authors describes and reviews numerical methods that can assist in the analysis of Quaternary pollen data, and provides numerous examples to illustrate their use. But the information preserved in the pollen-stratigraphical record is often so numerous and complex that analysis is difficult.
Abstract: The information preserved in the pollen-stratigraphical record is often so numerous and complex that analysis is difficult. This volume describes and reviews numerical methods that can assist in the analysis of Quaternary pollen data, and provides numerous examples to illustrate their use. -- AATA
657 citations
TL;DR: Based on direct measurements of bacterial cell carbon content, cell number, and biovolume, I have derived an average conversion factor of 5.6 x 10 g of C mum, which is three to 6.6 times higher than most theoretically derived factors currently in use.
Abstract: The biomass of bacterial populations in aquatic ecosystems is often estimated by measuring bacterial biovolume and converting this into biomass in terms of carbon. A reliable conversion factor relating the measured bacterial biovolume to bacterial carbon content is essential for this approach. Based on direct measurements of bacterial cell carbon content, cell number, and biovolume, I have derived an average conversion factor of 5.6 × 10−13 g of C μm−3. This conversion factor is 3.4 to 6.6 times higher than most theoretically derived factors currently in use. Both bacterial biomass and bacterial production in aquatic ecosystems may thus have been seriously underestimated.
523 citations
405 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the living and dead foraminiferal assemblages from 45 stations on the Norwegian continental margin and in the Norway Basin, and found that the living assemblage is characterized byCassidulina teretis andPullenia bulloides.
284 citations
TL;DR: The hippocampostriatal projections, that represent a link between the limbic and central motor mechanisms, could be under dopaminergic influence.
282 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the extent of isoleucine epimerization (DL ratio) in indigenous protein residues was analyzed for molluscan fossils collected from shallow water marine sediment across NW Europe and nearby Arctic regions.
186 citations
TL;DR: The ability of larvae to capture artemia nauplii was related to the size of their mouth gape, itself a function of larval size, which may help them survive the shift to exogenous feeding better than those from small eggs.
Abstract: The size of Atlantic cod eggs declines during the spawning season, and the potential effects of this on larval development were studied. Eggs from 12 females were artificially fertilized and incubated in separate aquaria. Egg diameter was correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with egg dry weight. The standard length of unfed larvae continued to increase a few days beyond yolk exhaustion, whereas the increase in muscle tissue (myotome height) reached its maximum at the time of yolk exhaustion. Egg dry weight was significantly correlated with larva dry weight, standard length, myotome height, and the size of the mouth gape. The ability of larvae to capture artemia nauplii was related to the size of their mouth gape, itself a function of larval size. Atlantic cod larvae from large eggs may survive the shift to exogenous feeding better than those from small eggs. Late-spawned Atlantic cod larvae may have a lower survival potential than those spawned earlier in the season.
153 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first synthetic enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase, was used as an immunocytochemical marker after destruction of the cortical noradrenergic system, induced either neonatally by 6-hydroxydopamine or later on by DSP4.
141 citations
TL;DR: The degree to which complementary analogs preferentially activated one isozyme was plotted against the mean site selectivity, which produced a straight line, means that the isozyme discriminating power of an analog pair can be quantitatively predicted from the affinity of the analogs for site A and B of the two enzymes.
Abstract: 104 cAMP analogs, most of them modified in the adenine moiety, were tested as activators of cAMP-dependent protein kinase I (from rabbit or rat skeletal muscle) and kinase II (from bovine heart or rat skeletal muscle). When tested singly, only 2-phenyl-1,N6-etheno-cAMP showed a considerably (sevenfold) higher potency as an activator of kinase II than of kinase I. Analogs containing an 8-amino modification preferentially activated kinase I, some being more than 10-fold more potent as activators of kinase I than kinase II. When two analogs were combined, the concentration of one (complementary) analog required to half-maximally activate each isozyme was determined in the presence of a fixed concentration of another (priming) analog. Analogs tested in combination had been analyzed for their affinity for the intrasubunit binding sites (A, B) of isozyme I and II. The degree to which complementary analogs preferentially activated one isozyme was plotted against the mean site selectivity, i.e. (affinity A/B isozyme I X affinity A/B isozyme II) 1/2. This plot produced a straight line, the slope of which reflected the ability of the priming analog to discriminate homologous sites on the isozymes. This means that the isozyme discriminating power of an analog pair can be quantitatively predicted from the affinity of the analogs for site A and B of the two enzymes. It also means that a systematic analysis of those features of analogs imparting a high mean site selectivity or the ability to discriminate between homologous isozyme sites will facilitate the synthesis of new even more isozyme-selective analogs.
TL;DR: Four isozymes of cytochrome P-450 were purified to varying degrees of homogeneity from liver microsomes of cod, a marine teleost fish, and showed differences in the rate and optimal pH for conversion of this substrate, and in optical properties.
TL;DR: In this article, it was suggested that regional bounding surfaces of this type occur in all the world's major deserts, it is suggested that they should also be present in some ancient aeolian sandstone sequences.
Abstract: Large areas of fixed, vegetated dunes occur in the Sahel and southern margin of the Sahara. These dunes were active during Late Pleistocene times and have been stabilized as a result of a change to more humid, less windy conditions in the Holocene. The stabilized surfaces, which are in part of erosional origin, are of regional extent. Within aeolian sand sequences, such surfaces form the highest order bounding surfaces. Since regional bounding surfaces of this type occur in all the world's major deserts, it is suggested that they should also be present in some ancient aeolian sandstone sequences.
TL;DR: The contention that the raphe-spinal serotonergic system participates in the tonic regulation of nociception in the spinal cord is supported, as measured with the formalin test.
TL;DR: Three air turbine scalers were compared to each other and to an ultrasonic instrument (CAVITRON) on medium and maximum power setting and the amount of remaining calculus, roughness and loss of tooth substance were estimated by means of well-defined index systems.
Abstract: Three air turbine scalers were compared to each other and to an ultrasonic instrument (CAVITRON) on medium and maximum power setting The amount of remaining calculus, roughness and loss of tooth substance were estimated by means of well-defined index systems (RCI and RLTSI) The time required to clean the test surfaces--marked on proximal root surfaces of mandibular incisors--was also noted Standardized scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs were independently "blind-scored" by three examiners, and total mean scores were calculated The results revealed significant differences (P less than 0001) between the instruments with respect to the amount of remaining calculus There were also significant differences (P less than 005) between roughness and loss of tooth substance produced by CAVITRON at maximum power setting and that produced by the other instruments No differences were found with regard to the time required to clean the test surface (until visually clean)
TL;DR: In this article, the analysis of anthocyanins by a combination of droplet countercurrent chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and on-line high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to the acidified ethanol extract of cowberry (lingonberry), Vaccinium vitesidaea L, In addition, 3-galactoside (880%), 3-arabinoside, and 3-glucoside(14%) of cyanidin, delphinidin-3-glicoside was identified
Abstract: The analysis of anthocyanins by a combination of droplet counter-current chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and on-line high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to the acidified ethanol extract of cowberry (lingonberry), Vaccinium vitesidaea L, In addition to 3-galactoside (880%), 3-arabinoside (106%), and 3-glucoside (14%) of cyanidin, delphinidin-3-glucoside (less than 01%) was identified The total anthocyanin content was determined to be 174 mg/100g fresh fruit
TL;DR: Results demonstrate central antinociceptive effects of acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol in mice and suggest that inhibition of a postsynaptic SP sensitive mechanism is responsible for the analgesia.
TL;DR: Endocrine responses to electrocautery were similar to those described previously after wedge resection, and the simplicity of this treatment and the good response make it an attractive alternative for treating infertility associated with PCO.
TL;DR: The results suggest that platform sleep deprivation deprives the animals of deep slow wave sleep in addition to REM sleep, which has implications for conclusions on REM sleep function based upon REM sleep deprivation.
TL;DR: A model is presented for the contribution of the chromogranins to osmotic pressure regulation in the bovine adrenomedullary catecholamine-storing granules.
Abstract: The soluble proteins (chromogranins) of bovine chromaffin granules have been studied by micro-osmometry with semi-permeable membranes (UM2, PM10 and PM30 with cut-offs greater than 1, greater than 10 and greater than 30 kD, respectively) at 1 = 0.15 and pH 5-8 for protein concentrations up to 20 mg X ml-1. After lysis of chromaffin granules in phosphate buffer pH 6, the released chromogranins behaved as aggregating solutes, consistent with an inconspicuous osmotic pressure contribution from the chromogranins at the protein concentration of the intact granules. Thus, in the presence of phosphate about 90% of the molecules behaved as colloids with Mr = 30,300 at c = o. After lysis in phosphate-free buffers the chromogranins behaved as highly non-ideal solutes in a manner which was incompatible with isotonicity at the protein concentration of the intact granules. About two-thirds of the molecules in the lysates in Na-succinate pH 5-6 and K-acetate pH 6 exhibited Mr = 66,000 and 79,000, respectively. In dilute solutions (less than 12 mg protein X ml-1) and ATP/protein ratios corresponding to those in the intact granules, the UM2 pressures were markedly increased, indicating release of polypeptides with Mr 2000-3000 from aggregates. CaCl2 was without specific effect on the colloid osmotic pressures but reduced the ATP-dependent increase in pressure, suggesting release of molecules twice the size of those released by ATP alone. A model is presented for the contribution of the chromogranins to osmotic pressure regulation in the bovine adrenomedullary catecholamine-storing granules.
TL;DR: In this article, a linear regression analysis of long-chain acyl-CoA content versus palmitoyl-coA hydrolase and peroxisomal β-oxidation activity showed highly significant linear correlations both in the total liver homogenate and in the peroxysome-enriched fractions.
TL;DR: The innervation of the superficial and deep layers of the rat anterior cingulate cortex by two distinct dopaminergic subpopulations, one of them closely related to that of prefrontal cortex area 32, could be compared with other laminar differences.
TL;DR: The interval between recall examinations using radiographs was not consistently shorter for dentists who decided to carry out operative caries treatment at a relatively advanced stage and the criteria for restoration based on radiographic appearance was best correlated with the dentists' opinions about cavity formation.
Abstract: Of a random sample of dentists in Norway (n = 741), 83% responded to a questionnaire about their use of radiographs in and their opinions and knowledge about the diagnosis of approximal caries. There was great disparity in criteria for initiation of restorative treatment of approximal caries based on radiographic appearance. Two thirds of the dentists would do restorative treatment of lesions confined to enamel, the others would wait until lesions had reached the dentin before treatment was commenced. The criteria for restoration based on radiographic appearance was best correlated with the dentists' opinions about cavity formation. About 20% of the variation in criteria among dentists was explained by the radiographic appearance dentists associated wih the presence of a cavity. The majority of the dentists believed that approximal caries progressed faster than is indicated by progression studies. The interval between recall examinations using radiographs was not consistently shorter for dentists who decided to carry out operative caries treatment at a relatively advanced stage.
TL;DR: Recent studies indicate that hypokalemia is an independent risk factor of ventricular arrhythmia early in acute myocardial infarction, but a definite causal role of potassium remains to be shown.
Abstract: Several studies of patients with acute myocardial infarction have shown an association between hypokalemia, including mild hypokalemia, and increased occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia. Hypokalemia in acute myocardial infarction is significantly associated with diuretic therapy before or during the infarction. In a study of 1,074 patients with acute myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation occurred in 17.2% of 122 hypokalemic patients and in 7.5% of 952 normokalemic patients (p less than 0.01). The association of hypokalemia and ventricular fibrillation was not specifically related to poor left ventricular function. Recent studies indicate that hypokalemia is an independent risk factor of ventricular arrhythmia early in acute myocardial infarction, but a definite causal role of potassium remains to be shown. The importance of catecholamines versus serum potassium levels in occurrence of arrhythmia has not been clarified.
TL;DR: The fatty acid profile of cod eggs is shown to change during the development from newly spawned to just before hatching and with changes in the environment, like temperature change, and also with man-induced changes, like oil-pollution.
TL;DR: The osmotic changes in haemolymph and body tissues of the ectoparasitic salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, have been studied upon transfer from sea water to dilute sea water, and then to fresh water.
Abstract: The osmotic changes in haemolymph and body tissues of the ectoparasitic salmon louse,Lepeophtheirus salmonis, have been studied upon transfer from sea water (SW) to dilute sea water (37% SW), and then to fresh water (FW). The parasite shows osmoconformity in SW but hyperosmotic regulation in 37% SW regardless of whether it is attached to the salmon host or free swimming in the water. The same conclusion is reached by haemolymph Cl− measurements. In FW, the osmotic tolerance and response of attached and free swimming parasites differ: Attached animals maintain steady haemolymph osmolality and Cl− concentration and survive for at least 1 week, while free swimming parasites quickly become diluted and start to die within 8 h.
TL;DR: Bilateral infusions of the neurotoxin, ibotenic acid in the LH yield a decrease in body weight, but not to the same extent as electrolytic lesions, which suggest that the observed aphagia and adipsia is not due to a lack of motivation, but rather reflects changes in the process which operate to initiate eating and drinking.
TL;DR: In this paper, three cores from different depths in the southeastern Norwegian Sea have been investigated for benthic and planktonic foraminiferal stable isotope records, and the cores confirm that the last deglaciation occurred in two distinct steps.
TL;DR: The slower avoidance learning may be a conditioning deficit due to impaired sensory information processing in the amygdaloid complex, which is not consistent with a general reduction in fear.
TL;DR: Both the co-chromatography of this unknown phospholipid and the increase in 32p-PI in gel-filtered platelets can explain the difference in32p-labelling in phosphoinositides reported in the literature.