University of Bordeaux

About: University of Bordeaux is a education organization based out in Bordeaux, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 28811 authors who have published 55536 publications receiving 1619635 citations. The organization is also known as: UB.

Combination Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury: Prospective Considerations

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a cascade of numerous pathophysiological events that evolve over time. Despite the complexity of TBI, research aimed at therapy development has almost exclusively focused on single therapies, all of which have failed in multicenter clinical trials. Therefore, in February 2008 the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, with support from the National Institute of Child Health and Development, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, convened a workshop to discuss the opportunities and challenges of testing combination therapies for TBI. Workshop participants included clinicians and scientists from a variety of disciplines, institutions, and agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to: (1) identify the most promising combinations of therapies for TBI; (2) identify challenges of testing combination therapies in clinical and pre-clinical studies; and (3) propose research methodologies and study designs to overcome these challenges. Several promising combination therapies were discussed, but no one combination was identified as being the most promising. Rather, the general recommendation was to combine agents with complementary targets and effects (e.g., mechanisms and time-points), rather than focusing on a single target with multiple agents. In addition, it was recommended that clinical management guidelines be carefully considered when designing pre-clinical studies for therapeutic development. To overcome the challenges of testing combination therapies it was recommended that statisticians and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration be included in early discussions of experimental design. Furthermore, it was agreed that an efficient and validated screening platform for candidate therapeutics, sensitive and clinically relevant biomarkers and outcome measures, and standardization and data sharing across centers would greatly facilitate the development of successful combination therapies for TBI. Overall there was great enthusiasm for working collaboratively to act on these recommendations.

Thioflavin T as a fluorescence light-up probe for G4 formation

Abstract: Thioflavin T (ThT) becomes fluorescent in the presence of the G-quadruplex structure such as that formed by the human telomeric motif. In this report, we extend and generalize these observations and show that this dye may be used as a convenient and specific quadruplex probe. In the presence of most, but not all, G4-forming sequences, we observed a large increase in ThT fluorescence emission, whereas the presence of control duplexes and single strands had a more limited effect on emission. This differential behavior allowed us to design a high-throughput assay to detect G4 formation. Hundreds of different oligonucleotides may be tested in parallel for G4 formation with a simple fluorescence plate reader. We applied this technique to a family of aptamers not previously recognized as G4-forming sequences and demonstrated that ThT fluorescence signal may be used to predict G4 formation.

Mechanisms Associated with the “Plateau” Observed at High Voltage for the Overlithiated Li1.12(Ni0.425Mn0.425Co0.15)0.88O2 System

Abstract: Liy(Ni0.425Mn0.425Co0.15)0.88O2 materials were synthesized by a slow rate electrochemical deintercalation from Li1.12(Ni0.425Mn0.425Co0.15)0.88O2 during the first charge and the first discharge in order to study the structural modifications occurring during the first cycle and especially during the irreversible “plateau” observed in charge at 4.5 V vs Li+/Li. Chemical Li titrations showed that the lithium ions are actually deintercalated from the material during the entire first charge process, excluding the possibility that electrolyte decomposition causes the “plateau”. Redox titrations revealed that the average transition metal oxidation state is almost constant during the “plateau”, despite further lithium ion deintercalation. 1H MAS NMR data showed that no Li+/H+ exchange was associated to the “plateau” itself. Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern for a material reintercalated after being deintercalated at the end of the “plateau”, as well as redox titrations, revealed an M/O ratio larger than that...

Local protein synthesis is a ubiquitous feature of neuronal pre- and postsynaptic compartments

Abstract: There is ample evidence for localization of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and protein synthesis in neuronal dendrites; however, demonstrations of these processes in presynaptic terminals are limited. We used expansion microscopy to resolve pre- and postsynaptic compartments in rodent neurons. Most presynaptic terminals in the hippocampus and forebrain contained mRNA and ribosomes. We sorted fluorescently labeled mouse brain synaptosomes and then sequenced hundreds of mRNA species present within excitatory boutons. After brief metabolic labeling, >30% of all presynaptic terminals exhibited a signal, providing evidence for ongoing protein synthesis. We tested different classic plasticity paradigms and observed distinct patterns of rapid pre- and/or postsynaptic translation. Thus, presynaptic terminals are translationally competent, and local protein synthesis is differentially recruited to drive compartment-specific phenotypes that underlie different forms of plasticity.

Carbon dioxide in European coastal waters

Abstract: We compiled from literature annually integrated airewater fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) computed from field measurements, in 20 coastal European environments that were gathered into 3 main ecosystems: inner estuaries, upwelling continental shelves and non-upwelling continental shelves. The comparison of annual cycles of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in 5 contrasting continental shelves provided insights into the biogeochemical drivers of the CO2 fluxes. The latter were also investigated by comparing CO2 fluxes to net ecosystem (NEP) and net community production (NCP) in 3 contrasted coastal ecosystems. Airewater CO2 fluxes were scaled at European regional level and compared to fluxes of atmospheric CO2 in other aquatic and terrestrial compartments. Continental shelves are significant sinks for atmospheric CO2 at an average rate of � 1.9 molC m � 2 yr � 1 that scaled at European level corresponds to an absorption of atmospheric CO2 of � 68.1 TgC yr � 1 . This sink is equivalent to the one reported for the terrestrial biosphere of � 66.1 TgC yr � 1 , based on carbon-stock change models. Estuaries are significant sources of CO2 to the atmosphere at an average rate of 49.9 molC m � 2 yr � 1 that is higher than the CO2 emission to the atmosphere from rivers, streams and lakes. The scaled emission of CO2 to the atmosphere from inner estuaries of about 67.0 TgC yr � 1 would almost fully balance the sink of atmospheric CO2 computed for continental shelves. However, the scaled emission of CO2 from estuaries to the atmosphere is inconsistent with the potential emission of CO2 based on the fate of river organic carbon during estuarine transit. This discrepancy is most probably due to the poorly constrained surface area estimate of inner estuaries. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.