University of Bordeaux

About: University of Bordeaux is a education organization based out in Bordeaux, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 28811 authors who have published 55536 publications receiving 1619635 citations. The organization is also known as: UB.

An overview of the last advances in probiotic and prebiotic field

Abstract: Probiotics and prebiotics play an important role in human nutrition. In recent years there has been a significant increase in research on the characterization and verification potential health benefits associated with the use of probiotic and prebiotic. The main effects attributed to selected probiotics/prebiotic products have been proved by clinical trials, while others have been acquired on the basis of in vitro tests which require in vivo transposition in order to be validated. The main clinical reports in the literature for the application of probiotic have been done for the treatment of infectious diseases including viral, bacterial or antibiotic associated diarrhoea, relief of chronic bowel inflammatory diseases, immuno-modulation, lowering of serum cholesterol, decreased risk of colon cancer, improve lactose digestion, reduce allergies, and effect on intestinal microbiota. Although the large investigation for the health benefits, information on probiotic species, a specific strain-therapeutic application, and sufficient dosages, is not sufficiently studied to allow practical and rational consumption. Moreover, prebiotic oligosaccharides although provided curative and nutritional values, they are poorly understood in regard to their origin, the processes employed to generate them, their fermentation profiles, and dosages required for health effects. The present review summarizes guidelines reported on the literature in regard to clinician or therapeutic trials of probiotic and prebiotic.

Interval State Estimation for a Class of Nonlinear Systems

Abstract: The goal of this technical note is to design interval observers for a class of nonlinear continuous-time systems. The first part of this work shows that it is usually possible to design an interval observer for linear systems by means of linear time-invariant changes of coordinates even if the system is not cooperative. This result is extended to a class of nonlinear systems using partial exact linearisations. The proposed observers guarantee to enclose the set of system states that is consistent with the model, the disturbances and the measurement noise. Moreover, it is only assumed that the measurement noise and the disturbances are bounded without any additional information such as stationarity, uncorrelation or type of distribution. The proposed observer is illustrated through numerical simulations.

A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production

Abstract: Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield-related ecosystem services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using a global database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of species richness, abundance, and dominance for pollination; biological pest control; and final yields in the context of ongoing land-use change. Pollinator and enemy richness directly supported ecosystem services in addition to and independent of abundance and dominance. Up to 50% of the negative effects of landscape simplification on ecosystem services was due to richness losses of service-providing organisms, with negative consequences for crop yields. Maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystem service providers is therefore vital to sustain the flow of key agroecosystem benefits to society.

Characterization of a Grapevine R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor That Regulates the Phenylpropanoid Pathway

Abstract: The ripening of grape (Vitis vinifera) berry is characterized by dramatic changes in gene expression, enzymatic activities, and metabolism that lead to the production of compounds essential for berry quality. The phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway is one of the components involved in these changes. In this study, we describe the cloning and functional characterization of VvMYB5a, a cDNA isolated from a grape L. cv Cabernet Sauvignon berry library. VvMYB5a encodes a protein belonging to a small subfamily of R2R3-MYB transcription factors. Expression studies in grapevine indicate that the VvMYB5a gene is mainly expressed during the early steps of berry development in skin, flesh, and seeds. Overexpression of VvMYB5a in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) affects the expression of structural genes controlling the synthesis of phenylpropanoid and impacts on the metabolism of anthocyanins, flavonols, tannins, and lignins. Overexpressing VvMYB5a induces a strong accumulation of several phenolic compounds, including keracyanin (cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside) and quercetin-3-rhamnoglucoside, which are the main anthocyanin and flavonol compounds in tobacco. In addition, VvMYB5a overexpression increases the biosynthesis of condensed tannins and alters lignin metabolism. These findings suggest that VvMYB5a may be involved in the control of different branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway in grapevine.