University of Bremen

About: University of Bremen is a education organization based out in Bremen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 14563 authors who have published 37279 publications receiving 970381 citations. The organization is also known as: Universität Bremen.

Nanopartikel, Proteine und Nucleinsäuren: Die Biotechnologie begegnet den Materialwissenschaften

Abstract: Auf der Basis der klassischen Chemie haben sich die Materialwissenschaften und die Biotechnologie im Laufe der letzten drei Jahrzehnte zu leistungsfahigen Disziplinen entwickelt, die heutzutage hochkomplexe technische Elemente und Wirkstoffe fur pharmazeutische und biomedizinische Anwendungen im industriellen Masstab produzieren. Dieser Aufsatz beleuchtet aktuelle Forschungsaktivitaten im Grenzgebiet zwischen der Materialforschung, den Nanowissenschaften und der molekularen Biotechnologie. Dieses neue interdisziplinare Gebiet der Chemie ist einerseits eng verknupft mit den physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von organischen und anorganischen Nanopartikeln und betrifft andererseits die verschiedenen Aspekte molekularer Klonierung, rekombinanter DNA- und Proteintechnologie und der Immunologie. Evolutionar optimierte Biomolekule, z. B. Nucleinsauren, Proteine und supramolekulare Komplexe aus diesen Komponenten, werden fur den Aufbau nanostrukturierter und mesoskopischer Architekturen aus organischen und anorganischen Materialien genutzt. Die hochentwickelten Instrumente und Verfahren der modernen Materialforschung konnen eingesetzt werden, um fundamentale biologische Prozesse zu untersuchen.

Methane observations from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite: Comparison to ground‐based TCCON data and model calculations

Abstract: We report new short-wave infrared (SWIR) column retrievals of atmospheric methane (X_(CH4)) from the Japanese Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and compare observed spatial and temporal variations with correlative ground-based measurements from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and with the global 3-D GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model. GOSAT X_(CH4) retrievals are compared with daily TCCON observations at six sites between April 2009 and July 2010 (Bialystok, Park Falls, Lamont, Orleans, Darwin and Wollongong). GOSAT reproduces the site-dependent seasonal cycles as observed by TCCON with correlations typically between 0.5 and 0.7 with an estimated single-sounding precision between 0.4–0.8%. We find a latitudinal-dependent difference between the X_(CH4) retrievals from GOSAT and TCCON which ranges from 17.9 ppb at the most northerly site (Bialystok) to −14.6 ppb at the site with the lowest latitude (Darwin). We estimate that the mean smoothing error difference included in the GOSAT to TCCON comparisons can account for 15.7 to 17.4 ppb for the northerly sites and for 1.1 ppb at the lowest latitude site. The GOSAT X_(CH4) retrievals agree well with the GEOS-Chem model on annual (August 2009 – July 2010) and monthly timescales, capturing over 80% of the zonal variability. Differences between model and observed X_(CH4) are found over key source regions such as Southeast Asia and central Africa which will be further investigated using a formal inverse model analysis.

Climatically induced lake level changes during the last two millennia as reflected in sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike, southern Patagonia (Santa Cruz, Argentina)

Abstract: The volcanogenic lake Laguna Potrok Aike, Santa Cruz, Argentina, reveals an unprecedented continuous high resolution climatic record for the steppe regions of southern Patagonia. With the applied multi-proxy approach rapid climatic changes before the turn of the first millennium were detected followed by medieval droughts which are intersected by moist and/or cold periods of varying durations and intensities. The ‘total inorganic carbon’ content was identified as a sensitive lake level indicator. This proxy suggests that during the late Middle Ages (ca. AD 1230–1410) the lake level was rather low representing a signal of the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’ in southeastern Patagonia. At the beginning of the ‘Little Ice Age’ the lake level rose considerably staying on a high level during the whole period. Subsequently, the lake level lowered again in the course of the 20th century.