Institution
University of Bremen
Education•Bremen, Germany•
About: University of Bremen is a education organization based out in Bremen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Glacial period. The organization has 14563 authors who have published 37279 publications receiving 970381 citations. The organization is also known as: Universität Bremen.
Topics: Population, Glacial period, SCIAMACHY, Sea ice, Holocene
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: In this article, the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (EMT2) is associated with rapid increases in atmospheric CO2 content and Dinoflagellate fossils demonstrate a concomitant freshening and eutrophication of surface waters, which resulted in euxinia in the photic zone.
Abstract: Several episodes of abrupt and transient warming, each lasting between 50,000 and 200,000 years, punctuated the long-term warming during the Late Palaeocene and Early Eocene (58 to 51 Myr ago) epochs1,2. These hyperthermal events, such as the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (EMT2) that took place about 53.5 Myr ago2, are associated with rapid increases in atmospheric CO2 content. However, the impacts of most events are documented only locally86. Here we show, on the basis of estimates from the TEX 86 ′ proxy, that sea surface temperatures rose by 3-5 C in the Arctic Ocean during the EMT2. Dinoflagellate fossils demonstrate a concomitant freshening and eutrophication of surface waters, which resulted in euxinia in the photic zone. The presence of palm pollen implies5 that coldest month mean temperatures over the Arctic land masses were no less than 8 C, in contradiction of model simulations that suggest hyperthermal winter temperatures were below freezing6. In light of our reconstructed temperature and hydrologic trends, we conclude that the temperature and hydrographic responses to abruptly increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations were similar for the ETM2 and the better-described Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum7,8, 55.5 Myr ago. © 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
188 citations
••
University of Bern1, ETH Zurich2, Complutense University of Madrid3, University of Barcelona4, University of Almería5, University of Zaragoza6, University of Vigo7, Pablo de Olavide University8, Rovira i Virgili University9, University of Bonn10, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research11, University of Bremen12, Augsburg College13, University of Würzburg14, Centre national de la recherche scientifique15, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University16, University of Lisbon17, University of Sunderland18, Met Office19, Pennsylvania State University20, University of Arizona21, Columbia University22, National Research Council23, ENEA24, University of Milan25, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens26, University of Padua27, University of Évora28, RWTH Aachen University29, St. Francis Xavier University30, University of Caen Lower Normandy31, Collège de France32
TL;DR: In this paper, a necessary task for assessing to which degree the industrial period is unusual against the background of pre-industrial climate variability is discussed, which is the reconstruction and interpretation of temporal and spatial patterns of climate in earlier centuries.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a necessary task for assessing to which degree the industrial period is unusual against the background of pre-industrial climate variability. It is the reconstruction and interpretation of temporal and spatial patterns of climate in earlier centuries. There are distinct differences in the temporal resolution among the various proxies. Some of the proxy records are annually or even higher resolved and hence record year-by-year patterns of climate in past centuries. Several of the temperature reconstructions reveal that the late twentieth century warmth is unprecedented at hemispheric scales and is explained by anthropogenic, greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing. The chapter discusses the availability and potential of long, homogenized instrumental data, documentary, and natural proxies to reconstruct aspects of past climate at local- to regional-scales within the larger Mediterranean area, which includes climate extremes and the incidence of natural disasters. The chapter describes the role of external forcing, including natural and anthropogenic influences, and natural, internal variability in the coupled ocean–atmosphere system at subcontinental scale.
188 citations
••
Chinese Academy of Sciences1, State Oceanic Administration2, University of Bremen3, Wageningen University and Research Centre4, World Conservation Monitoring Centre5, University of Plymouth6, Bogor Agricultural University7, Russian Academy of Sciences8, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research9
TL;DR: Estimation of coastal ocean capital, integrated management of land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone, enhancement of integrated global observation system, and coastal ecosystem-based management can play effective roles in promoting sustainable management of coastal marine ecosystems.
187 citations
••
TL;DR: The current SCC-DFTB set is a suitable tool for future in-depth investigation of chemical processes occurring on the surfaces of TiO2 polymorphs as well as for other processes of physicochemical interest.
Abstract: A new self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) set of parameters for Ti-X pairs of elements (X = Ti, H, C, N, O, S) has been developed. The performance of this set has been tested with respect to TiO2 bulk phases and small molecular systems. It has been found that the band structures, geometric parameters, and cohesive energies of rutile and anatase polymorphs are in good agreement with the reference DFT data and with experiment. Low-index rutile and anatase surfaces were also tested. For molecular systems, binding and atomization energies close to their DFT analogues have been achieved. Large errors, however, have been found for systems in high-spin states and/or having multireference character of their wave functions. The correct performance of SCC-DFTB for surface reactions has been demonstrated via the water splitting on anatase (001) surface. The current SCC-DFTB set is a suitable tool for future in-depth investigation of chemical processes occurring on the surfaces of TiO2 polymorphs as well as for other processes of physicochemical interest.
187 citations
••
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill1, Aarhus University2, IFREMER3, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution4, University of Michigan5, Massachusetts Institute of Technology6, Imperial College London7, United States Geological Survey8, University of Bremen9, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology10
TL;DR: By drilling into 3.5-million-year-old subseafloor basalt, this work demonstrated the presence of methane- and sulfur-cycling microbes on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and found evidence for ongoing microbial sulfate reduction and methanogenesis.
Abstract: Sediment-covered basalt on the flanks of mid-ocean ridges constitutes most of Earth's oceanic crust, but the composition and metabolic function of its microbial ecosystem are largely unknown By drilling into 35-million-year-old subseafloor basalt, we demonstrated the presence of methane- and sulfur-cycling microbes on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge Depth horizons with functional genes indicative of methane-cycling and sulfate-reducing microorganisms are enriched in solid-phase sulfur and total organic carbon, host δ(13)C- and δ(34)S-isotopic values with a biological imprint, and show clear signs of microbial activity when incubated in the laboratory Downcore changes in carbon and sulfur cycling show discrete geochemical intervals with chemoautotrophic δ(13)C signatures locally attenuated by heterotrophic metabolism
187 citations
Authors
Showing all 14961 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Roger Y. Tsien | 163 | 441 | 138267 |
Klaus-Robert Müller | 129 | 764 | 79391 |
Ron Kikinis | 126 | 684 | 63398 |
Ulrich S. Schubert | 122 | 2229 | 85604 |
Andreas Richter | 110 | 769 | 48262 |
Michael Böhm | 108 | 755 | 66103 |
Juan Bisquert | 107 | 450 | 46267 |
John P. Sumpter | 101 | 266 | 46184 |
Jos Lelieveld | 100 | 570 | 37657 |
Michael Schulz | 100 | 759 | 50719 |
Peter Singer | 94 | 702 | 37128 |
Charles R. Tyler | 92 | 325 | 31724 |
John P. Burrows | 90 | 815 | 36169 |
Hans-Peter Kriegel | 89 | 444 | 73932 |
Harald Haas | 85 | 750 | 34927 |