Institution
University of Bremen
Education•Bremen, Germany•
About: University of Bremen is a education organization based out in Bremen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 14563 authors who have published 37279 publications receiving 970381 citations. The organization is also known as: Universität Bremen.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: This is the first study documenting neurobiological changes in circuits implicated in emotional reactivity and control after long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.
Abstract: Neuroimaging studies of depression have demonstrated treatment-specific changes involving the limbic system and regulatory regions in the prefrontal cortex. While these studies have examined the effect of short-term, interpersonal or cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy, the effect of long-term, psychodynamic intervention has never been assessed. Here, we investigated recurrently depressed (DSM-IV) unmedicated outpatients (N = 16) and control participants matched for sex, age, and education (N = 17) before and after 15 months of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Participants were scanned at two time points, during which presentations of attachment-related scenes with neutral descriptions alternated with descriptions containing personal core sentences previously extracted from an attachment interview. Outcome measure was the interaction of the signal difference between personal and neutral presentations with group and time, and its association with symptom improvement during therapy. Signal associated with processing personalized attachment material varied in patients from baseline to endpoint, but not in healthy controls. Patients showed a higher activation in the left anterior hippocampus/amygdala, subgenual cingulate, and medial prefrontal cortex before treatment and a reduction in these areas after 15 months. This reduction was associated with improvement in depressiveness specifically, and in the medial prefrontal cortex with symptom improvement more generally. This is the first study documenting neurobiological changes in circuits implicated in emotional reactivity and control after long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.
185 citations
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TL;DR: The Severe Respiratory Insufficiency Questionnaire is a new multidimensional instrument with high psychometric properties designed to measure specific HRQL in patients with SRI receiving HMV.
185 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the state of the art on single crystal mullite is presented, focusing on the crystal structure of mullite and its properties, such as elasticity, compressibility, strength, toughness, creep and thermal properties.
Abstract: Mullite is certainly one of the most important oxide materials for both conventional and advanced ceramics. Mullite belongs to the compositional series of orthorhombic aluminosilicates with the general composition Al2(Al2+2xSi2-2x)O10-x. Main members are sillimanite (x = 0), stoichiometric 3/2-mullite (x = 0.25), 2/1-mullite (x = 0.40), and the SiO2-free phase ι-alumina (x = 1, crystal structure not known). This study gives an overview on the present state of research regarding single crystal mullite. Following a short introduction, the second part of the review focuses on the crystal structure of mullite. In particular, the characteristic mullite-type structural backbone of parallel chains consisting of edge-sharing MO6 octahedra and their specific cross-linkage by TO4 tetrahedra is explained in detail, the role of cation disorder and structural oxygen vacancies is addressed, and the possibility of cation substitution on different sites is discussed. The third part of the study deals with physical properties being relevant for technical applications of mullite and includes mechanical properties (e.g., elasticity, compressibility, strength, toughness, creep), thermal properties (e.g., thermal expansion, heat capacity, atomic diffusion, thermal conductivity), electrical conductivity, and optical properties. Special emphasis is put on structure–property relationships which allow for interpretation of corresponding experimental data and offer in turn the possibility to tailor new mullite materials with improved properties. Finally, the reported anomalies and discontinuities in the evolution of certain physical properties with temperature are summarized and critically discussed.
185 citations
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01 Dec 2004TL;DR: In this article, a new approach to regionalize the total organic carbon (TOC) content in surface sediments is presented, based on a compilation of more than 5500 single measurements from various sources.
Abstract: Approaches to quantify the organic carbon accumulation on a global scale generally do not consider the small-scale variability of sedimentary and oceanographic boundary conditions along continental margins. In this study, we present a new approach to regionalize the total organic carbon (TOC) content in surface sediments (<5 cm sediment depth). It is based on a compilation of more than 5500 single measurements from various sources. Global TOC distribution was determined by the application of a combined qualitative and quantitative-geostatistical method. Overall, 33 benthic TOC-based provinces were defined and used to process the global distribution pattern of the TOC content in surface sediments in a 1°×1° grid resolution. Regional dependencies of data points within each single province are expressed by modeled semi-variograms. Measured and estimated TOC values show good correlation, emphasizing the reasonable applicability of the method. The accumulation of organic carbon in marine surface sediments is a key parameter in the control of mineralization processes and the material exchange between the sediment and the ocean water. Our approach will help to improve global budgets of nutrient and carbon cycles.
185 citations
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Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research1, Max Planck Society2, Scottish Association for Marine Science3, Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences4, Istanbul Technical University5, National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology6, Babeș-Bolyai University7, University of Patras8, ETH Zurich9, University of Gothenburg10, University of Kiel11, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology12, National Oceanography Centre13, Curtin University14, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research15, University of Bremen16
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of new knowledge on oxygen depletion (hypoxia) and related phenomena in aquatic systems resulting from the EU-FP7 project HYPOX (http://www.hypox.net).
Abstract: In this paper we provide an overview of new
knowledge on oxygen depletion (hypoxia) and related phenomena
in aquatic systems resulting from the EU-FP7
project HYPOX (“In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in
hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and landlocked
water bodies”, www.hypox.net). In view of the anticipated
oxygen loss in aquatic systems due to eutrophication and climate
change, HYPOX was set up to improve capacities to
monitor hypoxia as well as to understand its causes and consequences.
Temporal dynamics and spatial patterns of hypoxia were
analyzed in field studies in various aquatic environments, including
the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, Scottish and Scandinavian
fjords, Ionian Sea lagoons and embayments, and Swiss
lakes. Examples of episodic and rapid (hours) occurrences of
hypoxia, as well as seasonal changes in bottom-water oxygenation
in stratified systems, are discussed. Geologically
driven hypoxia caused by gas seepage is demonstrated. Using
novel technologies, temporal and spatial patterns of watercolumn
oxygenation, from basin-scale seasonal patterns to
meter-scale sub-micromolar oxygen distributions, were resolved.
Existing multidecadal monitoring data were used to
demonstrate the imprint of climate change and eutrophication
on long-term oxygen distributions. Organic and inorganic
proxies were used to extend investigations on past oxygen
conditions to centennial and even longer timescales that
cannot be resolved by monitoring. The effects of hypoxia on
faunal communities and biogeochemical processes were also
addressed in the project. An investigation of benthic fauna is
presented as an example of hypoxia-devastated benthic communities
that slowly recover upon a reduction in eutrophication
in a system where naturally occurring hypoxia overlaps
with anthropogenic hypoxia. Biogeochemical investigations
reveal that oxygen intrusions have a strong effect on the microbially
mediated redox cycling of elements. Observations
and modeling studies of the sediments demonstrate the effect
of seasonally changing oxygen conditions on benthic mineralization
pathways and fluxes. Data quality and access are
crucial in hypoxia research. Technical issues are therefore
also addressed, including the availability of suitable sensor
technology to resolve the gradual changes in bottom-water
oxygen in marine systems that can be expected as a result of
climate change. Using cabled observatories as examples, we
show how the benefit of continuous oxygen monitoring can
be maximized by adopting proper quality control. Finally,
we discuss strategies for state-of-the-art data archiving and
dissemination in compliance with global standards, and how
ocean observations can contribute to global earth observation
attempts.
184 citations
Authors
Showing all 14961 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Roger Y. Tsien | 163 | 441 | 138267 |
Klaus-Robert Müller | 129 | 764 | 79391 |
Ron Kikinis | 126 | 684 | 63398 |
Ulrich S. Schubert | 122 | 2229 | 85604 |
Andreas Richter | 110 | 769 | 48262 |
Michael Böhm | 108 | 755 | 66103 |
Juan Bisquert | 107 | 450 | 46267 |
John P. Sumpter | 101 | 266 | 46184 |
Jos Lelieveld | 100 | 570 | 37657 |
Michael Schulz | 100 | 759 | 50719 |
Peter Singer | 94 | 702 | 37128 |
Charles R. Tyler | 92 | 325 | 31724 |
John P. Burrows | 90 | 815 | 36169 |
Hans-Peter Kriegel | 89 | 444 | 73932 |
Harald Haas | 85 | 750 | 34927 |