Institution
University of British Columbia
Education•Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada•
About: University of British Columbia is a education organization based out in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 89939 authors who have published 209679 publications receiving 9226862 citations. The organization is also known as: UBC & The University of British Columbia.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the paraglacial denudation and sedimentation are reported from two contrasting areas in southcentral British Columbia and central Baffin Island, where rapid sedimentation during the parago-glacial period contrasts sharply with present-day conditions.
Abstract: Glaciation is schematically considered as a perturbation of “normal” fluvial conditions. Drift is unstable in a proglacial or postglacial fluvial environment, resulting in heightened sediment movement that continues as long as drift material remains easily accessible for fluvial erosion and transportation. Sediment yield bears no relation to concurrent primary production of weathered debris.
Examples of such “paraglacial” denudation and sedimentation are reported from two contrasting areas. Postglacial valley alluvial deposits are widespread in central Baffin Island where rapid sedimentation continues today; estimated denudation rates are an order of magnitude higher than in comparable unperturbed areas. In south-central British Columbia, rapid sedimentation during the paraglacial period contrasts sharply with present-day conditions.
855 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the redundancy in the parameterization of deep learning models is demonstrated and it is shown that given only a few weight values for each feature it is possible to accurately predict the remaining values.
Abstract: We demonstrate that there is significant redundancy in the parameterization of several deep learning models. Given only a few weight values for each feature it is possible to accurately predict the remaining values. Moreover, we show that not only can the parameter values be predicted, but many of them need not be learned at all. We train several different architectures by learning only a small number of weights and predicting the rest. In the best case we are able to predict more than 95% of the weights of a network without any drop in accuracy.
855 citations
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University of British Columbia1, University of Washington2, Dalhousie University3, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute4, University of Texas at Austin5, Sri Ramachandra University6, University of Gothenburg7, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology8, Auckland University of Technology9, Clarkson University10, University of Queensland11, Emory University12, National University of Singapore13, Queensland University of Technology14, University of Bath15, St George's, University of London16, Health Canada17, Health Effects Institute18
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combined satellite-based estimates, chemical transport model simulations, and ground measurements from 79 different countries to produce global estimates of annual average fine particle (PM2.5) and ozone concentrations at 0.1° × 0. 1° spatial resolution for five-year intervals from 1990 to 2010 and the year 2013.
Abstract: Exposure to ambient air pollution is a major risk factor for global disease. Assessment of the impacts of air pollution on population health and evaluation of trends relative to other major risk factors requires regularly updated, accurate, spatially resolved exposure estimates. We combined satellite-based estimates, chemical transport model simulations, and ground measurements from 79 different countries to produce global estimates of annual average fine particle (PM2.5) and ozone concentrations at 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution for five-year intervals from 1990 to 2010 and the year 2013. These estimates were applied to assess population-weighted mean concentrations for 1990-2013 for each of 188 countries. In 2013, 87% of the world's population lived in areas exceeding the World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline of 10 μg/m(3) PM2.5 (annual average). Between 1990 and 2013, global population-weighted PM2.5 increased by 20.4% driven by trends in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and China. Decreases in population-weighted mean concentrations of PM2.5 were evident in most high income countries. Population-weighted mean concentrations of ozone increased globally by 8.9% from 1990-2013 with increases in most countries-except for modest decreases in North America, parts of Europe, and several countries in Southeast Asia.
854 citations
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Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research1, Stony Brook University2, University of Gothenburg3, Marine Biological Laboratory4, University of Alberta5, University of Basel6, University of Zurich7, University of British Columbia8, Ohio State University9, Michigan State University10, University of Oulu11, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières12, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory13, Komarov Botanical Institute14, King's College London15, Florida International University16, University of Bergen17, University of Wyoming18, University of London19
TL;DR: Results indicate that key phenological events such as leaf bud burst and flowering occurred earlier in warmed plots throughout the study period; however, there was little impact on growth cessation at the end of the season.
Abstract: The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) is a collaborative, multisite experiment using a common temperature manipulation to examine variability in species response across climatic and geographic gradients of tundra ecosystems. ITEX was designed specifically to examine variability in arctic and alpine species response to increased temperature. We compiled from one to four years of experimental data from 13 different ITEX sites and used meta-analysis to analyze responses of plant phenology, growth, and reproduction to experimental warming. Results indicate that key phenological events such as leaf bud burst and flowering occurred earlier in warmed plots throughout the study period; however, there was little impact on growth cessation at the end of the season. Quantitative measures of vegetative growth were greatest in warmed plots in the early years of the experiment, whereas reproductive effort and success increased in later years. A shift away from vegetative growth and toward reproductive effort and success in the fourth treatment year suggests a shift from the initial response to a secondary response. The change in vegetative response may be due to depletion of stored plant reserves, whereas the lag in reproductive response may be due to the formation of flower buds one to several seasons prior to flowering. Both vegetative and reproductive responses varied among life-forms; herbaceous forms had stronger and more consistent vegetative growth responses than did woody forms. The greater responsiveness of the herbaceous forms may be attributed to their more flexible morphology and to their relatively greater proportion of stored plant reserves. Finally, warmer, low arctic sites produced the strongest growth responses, but colder sites produced a greater reproductive response. Greater resource investment in vegetative growth may be a conservative strategy in the Low Arctic, where there is more competition for light, nutrients, or water, and there may be little opportunity for successful germination or seedling development. In contrast, in the High Arctic, heavy investment in producing seed under a higher temperature scenario may provide an opportunity for species to colonize patches of unvegetated ground. The observed differential response to warming suggests that the primary forces driving the response vary across climatic zones, functional groups, and through time.
854 citations
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TL;DR: Regulatory mutations in major developmental control genes may provide a mechanism for generating rapid skeletal changes in natural populations, while preserving the essential roles of these genes in other processes.
Abstract: Hindlimb loss has evolved repeatedly in many different animals by means of molecular mechanisms that are still unknown. To determine the number and type of genetic changes underlying pelvic reduction in natural populations, we carried out genetic crosses between threespine stickleback fish with complete or missing pelvic structures. Genome-wide linkage mapping shows that pelvic reduction is controlled by one major and four minor chromosome regions. Pitx1 maps to the major chromosome region controlling most of the variation in pelvic size. Pelvic-reduced fish show the same left-right asymmetry seen in Pitx1 knockout mice, but do not show changes in Pitx1 protein sequence. Instead, pelvic-reduced sticklebacks show site-specific regulatory changes in Pitx1 expression, with reduced or absent expression in pelvic and caudal fin precursors. Regulatory mutations in major developmental control genes may provide a mechanism for generating rapid skeletal changes in natural populations, while preserving the essential roles of these genes in other processes.
854 citations
Authors
Showing all 90682 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Gordon H. Guyatt | 231 | 1620 | 228631 |
John C. Morris | 183 | 1441 | 168413 |
Douglas Scott | 178 | 1111 | 185229 |
John R. Yates | 177 | 1036 | 129029 |
Deborah J. Cook | 173 | 907 | 148928 |
Richard A. Gibbs | 172 | 889 | 249708 |
Evan E. Eichler | 170 | 567 | 150409 |
James F. Sallis | 169 | 825 | 144836 |
Michael Snyder | 169 | 840 | 130225 |
Jiawei Han | 168 | 1233 | 143427 |
Michael Kramer | 167 | 1713 | 127224 |
Bruce L. Miller | 163 | 1153 | 115975 |
Peter A. R. Ade | 162 | 1387 | 138051 |
Marc W. Kirschner | 162 | 457 | 102145 |
Kaj Blennow | 160 | 1845 | 116237 |