Showing papers by "University of Calgary published in 1971"
TL;DR: The Mercy Bay Member is a 200ft-thick limestone unit in the Upper Devonian Weatherall Formation as mentioned in this paper, which contains numerous organic build-ups and represents a Late Devonian reef tract located in the marine-shelf environment of an exogeosyncline.
Abstract: The Upper Devonian Weatherall Formation, outcropping on northeastern Banks Island, N.W.T., contains a 200-ft-thick limestone unit here termed the Mercy Bay Member. The member is Middle to Late Frasnian in age. Gyrfalcon Bluff has been chosen as the type section. Mercy Bay Member outcrops on the extreme northeastern portion of Banks Island, and many excellent exposures permit detailed paleogeographical and paleoecological studies. The member contains numerous organic build-ups and represents a Late Devonian reef tract located in the marine-shelf environment of an exogeosyncline situated between a tectonic highland to the northwest and a stable craton to the southeast. The main facies changes in the Mercy Bay Member occur in an east-west direction. The organic build-ups in the eastern part of the study area are narrow, linear bioherms trending north-south. They are encased in younger terrigenous clastic rocks. To the west the organic build-ups, which are biohermal in the lower part and biostromal in the upper, are more numerous. The lower bioherms trend east-west. Penecontemporaneous interbiohermal strata consist of dark, fine-grained argillaceous limestone. Organic build-ups on the western edge of the outcrop area are bioherms which trend north-south. The lower portion in all organic build-ups consists of corals and tabular stromatoporoids. These are interpreted as biogenetic banks constructed in the quiet and intermediate-energy zones (water depths more than 30 ft). The upper portion is composed of massive stromatoporoids. This facies represents rigid reefs constructed in the high-energy zone (above 30 feet). Successive sea-level rises allowed the reefs to grow upward. Cessation of reef growth was caused by an influx of terrigenous sediment related to the seaward migration of the northern and western shorelines. The outcropping organic build-ups of the Mercy Bay Member are tightly cemented, but frequent bitumen occurrences indicate that they were once oilbearing. Organic build-ups of the Mercy Bay Member probably occur in the subsurface to the west. End_Page 730------------------------
1,045 citations
TL;DR: An algorithm andFortran-iv computer program, Cabfac, forQ-mode factor analysis is described, which will accept up to 1500 items and 50 variables on a moderate-size computer.
Abstract: An algorithm andFortran-iv computer program,cabfac, forQ-mode factor analysis is described. The program will accept up to 1500 items and 50 variables on a moderate-size computer.
394 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a volume-weighted mean composition of formation waters in the western Canada sedimentary basin is presented, and the results of Q-mode, R-mode and second-order Rmode factor analyses are tabulated and interpreted.
171 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the variation of silica activity with temperature and pressure for a variety of mineral pairs is calculated for a wide range of igneous rocks, including calc-alkaline rhyolites with phenocrysts of quartz, olivine or orthopyroxene, and iron-titanium oxides, ranging from 3.45 to 9.58 kilobars.
Abstract: The variation of silica activity with temperature and pressure for a variety of silica buffers (mineral pairs) allows Ptotal to be calculated for a wide range of igneous rocks. The method also depends on evaluating (∂ log aSiO2/∂P)T and (Δ log aSiO2/ΔT)p; the former is equivalent to the partial molar volume of silica in silicate liquids, while the latter is estimated from published experiments on natural melts. Results for calc-alkaline rhyolites with phenocrysts of quartz, olivine or orthopyroxene, and iron-titanium oxides, range from 3.45 to 9.58 kilobars; a pantellerite is intermediate at 7.53 kilobars. At 1327° C, the silicate inclusions in diamond equilibrated at 63.5 kilobars, and the kimberlite crystallisation path intersected the baddeleyite-zircon reaction at 55.7 kilobars. Two trachybasalts would equilibrate with their lherzolite xenoliths at 17.0 and 21.0 kilobars at surface quenching temperatures. Potassic lavas such as orendites and ugandites at 1300° C would be in equilibrium with mantle olivine-orthropyroxene at 35.1 and 69.0 kilobars respectively. Basalts and basaltic-andesites could equilibrate (at 1100° C) with quartz at between 24.9 and 26.8 kilobars; quartz can therefore be considered a possible high pressure “xenocryst” in lavas with low Sr87/Sr86 ratios. Andesites will equilibrate at 1300° C with the mantle at a depth of 75 kilometres; at greater depths andesite will have a basaltic precursor. In general, lavas with low silica activity will equilibrate at greater depths in the mantle than those with higher silica activities.
122 citations
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: The paper describes a mathematical model for the simulation of a 3-phase synchronous machine using direct-phase quantities, thus obviating the need for any transformation, and enables a unified approach to be adopted in the study of both symmetrical and asymmetrical conditions.
Abstract: The paper describes a mathematical model for the simulation of a 3-phase synchronous machine using direct-phase quantities, thus obviating the need for any transformation. Numerical solution using a digital computer has also been described, and compared with digital simulation in transformed d-q-0- and α-β-0-axes models of a synchronous machine. The proposed model in direct-phase quantities enables a unified approach to be adopted in the study of both symmetrical and asymmetrical conditions. Since the constraints to be imposed are direct operating conditions, asymmetrical operating conditions can be studied very easily. Modifications required in the model to simulate various types of faults are described. Versatility of the proposed model is illustrated by the study of a single-line-earth fault with single-phase opening and automatic reclosure. It is shown that this type of fault can be studied as simply as, say, a 3-phase fault.
116 citations
110 citations
95 citations
TL;DR: The “dispersal theory” is shown to be a general theory, applicable to Pleistocene and pre-Pleistocene conditions, and links the disciplines of animal behavior, ecology, animal science, population dynamics, and zoogeography into a functional whole.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the problem of estimating the distance between two points in k-dimensional Euclidean space, where the minimum is assumed over all possible choices of X1,..., X,.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two groups of children were trained to discriminate between two displays which could only be differentiated by a single distinctive feature located on one of the displays, while feature negative subjects did not localize on the distinctive feature.
TL;DR: The finite strip method is used for the flexural vibration analysis of elastic plates as discussed by the authors, which can be isotropic or orthotropic in property, of constant or variable thickness, and with distributed or concentrated masses.
Abstract: The finite strip method is used for the flexural vibration analysis of elastic plates. The plates can be isotropic or orthotropic in property, of constant or variable thickness, and with distributed or concentrated masses. It can have any combination of free, simply-supported and clamped boundary conditions and can also be continuous in one direction. The stiffness matrix of a strip with two opposite ends simply-supported, free or clamped is formed by assuming suitable basic function series in the longitudinal direction which satisfies the end conditions and a simple cubic polynomial in the transverse direction. A consistent mass matrix can also be formed for each strip. The stiffness and mass matrices of all the strips making up a plate are then assembled to form an eigenvalue matrix in the same way as for a beam problem. The method is simple but versatile, and all the natural frequencies and corresponding modal shapes can be obtained rapidly from an intermediate or even small size electronic digital computer.
TL;DR: Unique (nonrepetitive) DNA base sequences were isolated by hydroxyapatite chromatography from tritium-labeled mouse DNA and hybridized to RNA from liver, kidney and spleen.
TL;DR: A five month follow-up indicated that hypnosis Ss showed more post-treatment approach behavior to the dental situation than relaxation Ss, which was more effective than control for highly aroused Ss.
Abstract: Skin conductance and self-report anxiety of frightened dental patients were measured during a pain tolerance test and an anesthetic injection procedure. On the skin conductance measure, relaxation and hypnosis were more effective than control for highly aroused Ss. There were no differences between treatments for Ss showing low arousal. Pain tolerance scores and self-report anxiety scores also showed no differences. A five month follow-up indicated that hypnosis Ss showed more post-treatment approach behavior to the dental situation than relaxation Ss.
TL;DR: Complex interval arithmetic is defined using real interval arithmetic to assure smallest possible resulting intervals.
Abstract: Complex interval arithmetic is defined using real interval arithmetic. Complex interval division is defined so as to assure smallest possible resulting intervals.
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed analysis of Newton's method applied to operators with Holder continuous derivatives is given, and the analysis is shown to reduce the analysis of Lancaster (Num. Math.A.N. 1968) when the operator has a continuous second derivative.
Abstract: The concept of majorizing sequences introduced by Rheinboldt (SIAM J.N.A. 1968) is used to prove convergence for Newton's method for operator equations of the formT f=? when the operator satisfied the condition that the Frechet derivative is Holder continuous.
A detailed analysis of computational errors is given for Newton's method applied to operators with Holder continuous derivatives. This analysis is shown to reduce the analysis of Lancaster (Num. Math. 1968) when the operator has a continuous second derivative.
The above analysis is applied to an example of a second order differential equation.
TL;DR: The Reaction Inventory as mentioned in this paper was developed to measure anger, and the 76 items in the inventory were administered to 275 Ss. Factor analysis of the Reaction Inventory yielded 10 factors and the estimate of the internal consistency coefficient was.95.
Abstract: The Reaction Inventory was developed to measure anger, and the 76 items in the inventory were administered to 275 Ss. The estimate of the internal consistency coefficient was .95. The coefficient of concurrent validity with the Buss-Durkee Inventory for one subsample of 45 Ss was .52 and for another subsample of 138 Ss was .57. Factor analysis of the Reaction Inventory yielded 10 factors.
TL;DR: It is suggested that in larger doses gold salts have a direct toxic action on the proximal convoluted tubules, and in smaller doses it initiates an immune mechanism responsible for the glomerular changes.
TL;DR: The finite strip method as mentioned in this paper is an extension of the now well-known finite element method, which can treat problems with variably-spaced stiffeners, and with orthotropic and variable thickness plates without any difficulty.
01 Feb 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported a strong interaction between NMP and water and suggest the existence of transient polymeric species of the type (NMP · 2H2O)n.
Abstract: Densities, excess volumes and heats of mixing, heat capacities, refractive indices and viscosities of various N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP)-water mixtures are reported. The excess volumes and heat of mixing are negative and show their greatest deviations from ideality at 0.3 - 04 mole fraction NMP. The viscosity of the system passes through a maximum in the same region of solvent composition. These data indicate strong interaction between NMP and water and suggest the existence of transient polymeric species of the type — (NMP · 2H2O)n.
TL;DR: A survey of research on tests of divergent thinking shows that performance at these tests may be considerably affected by the conditions under which they are given, the instructions, and the way the subjects interpret the task requirement.
Abstract: Summary. A survey of research on tests of divergent thinking shows that performance at these tests may be considerably affected by the conditions under which they are given, the instructions, and the way the subjects interpret the task requirement. In particular, Wallach and Kogan considered that they measure a creativity factor distinct from convergent intelligence only if given individually, under permissive, untimed, ‘game-like’ conditions. However, several studies indicate that such conditions can be sufficiently approximated in group testing.
Two sets of seven classes of Canadian Grade 8 pupils were given a battery of seven divergent thinking tests, the first set under ordinary test-like conditions, the second under more relaxed and informal, and relatively untimed, conditions. Analysis of the results showed that: (a) Scores based on grading unusual responses are more consistent and give higher correlations with other variables than frequency scores or per cent of unusual responses; (6) Larger numbers of high scores are obtained under relaxed conditions; (c) The factorial structure of ‘ formal’ and ‘ relaxed ’ SCORES ARE GENERALLY SIMILAR; (d) Correlations of relaxed scores with other variables, including intelligence measures, are generally higher, and particularly with variables relating to creativity.
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of figures differing in complexity were exposed to 44 nursing students and the data were factor analyzed by the principal axis method, with communalities iterated by refactoring followed by varimax rotation.
Abstract: A series of figures differing in complexity were exposed to 44 nursing students. Ss were monitored for GSR and heart rate while they looked at each figure for as long as they wished. They then rated each figure on 20 semantic differential-type scales. The data were factor analyzed by the principal axis method, with communalities iterated by refactoring followed by varimax rotation. Four factors were extracted and the first three were identified as Osgood’s activity, evaluative, and potency factors. It was suggested that the activity factor relates to arousal-raising stimulus properties, while the evaluative factor relates to arousal-reducing or -restraining stimulus properties.
TL;DR: In this paper, the finite element method is applied to field problems governed by Laplace's equation, and in particular to potential flow in fluid mechanics, and a computer program based on this analysis has been developed and is fully described in a subsequent report.
Abstract: : In this report, the finite element method is applied to field problems governed by Laplace's equation, and in particular, to potential flow in fluid mechanics. The conditions under which the variational method may be used are examined for Dirichlet, Neumann and mixed boundary conditions, and for both singly- and multiply-connected regions. The discretisation of the field, using finite elements of triangular form is developed, and the resulting equations are solved. A computer program based on this analysis has been developed and is fully described in a subsequent report. This program will solve a two-dimensional potential field for simple or mixed boundary conditions and for singly- or multiply-connected regions. It may be used for multiple-body flow fields, such as aerofoil cascades, with boundary constraints such as the Kutta condition.
TL;DR: It is shown that on present evidence there is still a major puzzle concerning the dynamics of the solar cycle variation in cosmic ray intensity.
Abstract: IT is commonly believed that the basic mechanism responsible for the 11 yr solar cycle variation in cosmic ray intensity is well understood. We wish to show that on present evidence there is still a major puzzle concerning the dynamics of the process.
TL;DR: The Kicking Horse Belt as discussed by the authors is a strip of country not over ten miles wide, at present recognized over a length of eighty miles, and occupying a single thrust-sheet in the Rocky Mountains Main Ranges, within which are localized many of the significant changes in Lower Paleozoic strata of southwestern Canada.
Abstract: The Kicking Horse Belt is here recognized as a strip of country not over ten miles wide, at present recognized over a length of eighty miles, and occupying a single thrust-sheet in the Rocky Mountains Main Ranges, within which are localized many of the significant changes in Lower Paleozoic strata of southwestern Canada. These localized occurrences are as follows: 1) The only pronounced physical evidence for unconformity at the Lower Cambrian - Middle Cambrian boundary. 2) Westward pinch-out of the Mount Whyte Formation and of shale tongues in the Cathedral and Pika formations, all of Middle Cambrian age. 3) Westward facies change of the Middle Cambrian Stephen and lower Cathedral formations to deep-water facies. 4) Abrupt westward termination of the upper Cathedral Formation in a submarine depositional scarp. 5) Appearance of supratidal facies in abundance in the Middle Cambrian Cathedral and Eldon formations. 6) Westward appearance of slumped, slope facies in the Eldon Formation. 7) Eastward pinch-out of a tongue of outer-detrital facies within the Eldon Formation of the middle-carbonate facies. 8) Passage of the entire sequence of shelf carbonates of Middle Cambrian age into mudstones and argillaceous limestones of the lower and middle Chancellor Formation, to which a deep-water origin is ascribed. 9) Westward facies change of the clastic rocks of the Middle Cambrian Arctomys Formation to carbonates of the Waterfowl Formation. Additional changes that may take place within the Kicking Horse Belt, but cannot be demonstrated to do so because of post-Laramide erosion, are the westward disappearance of the carbonates of the Upper Cambrian Mistaya and Middle Ordovician Owen Creek formations, and the westward change of the carbonates of the Lower and Middle Ordovician Outram and Skoki formations to graptolitic Glenogle Shale. The Kicking Horse Belt encompasses the limits of temporal shifting of a slightly elevated paleotopographic feature, the Kicking Horse Rim. Throughout most of the time considered, the Rim prevented craton-derived fine clastic sediments (inner detrital facies) from reaching the deep-water basin. The Rim probably was localized initially in latest Early Cambrian time by a narrow tectonic welt. Once carbonate sedimentation was preferentially established on this linear "high," depositional processes and differential compaction may have sufficed to perpetuate the Rim, although tectonic renewal of relief cannot be ruled out. End_Page 557------------------------
TL;DR: Experiments involving neurosecretory cell cauterized animals failed to confirm or deny the involvement of neurosecretion in the control of protein synthesis, but there is clear evidence of a dual control of egg maturation in Sarcophaga.