University of California

About: University of California is a education organization based out in Oakland, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Layer (electronics). The organization has 55175 authors who have published 52933 publications receiving 1491169 citations. The organization is also known as: UC & University of California System.

Did Government Decentralization Cause China's Economic Miracle?

Abstract: Many scholars attribute China's market reforms and the remarkable economic performance they have fostered in part to the country's political and fiscal decentralization. Political decentralization is said to have stimulated local policy experiments and restrained predatory central interventions. Fiscal decentralization is thought to have motivated local officials to promote development and harden enterprises' budget constraints. The locally diversified structure of the prereform economy is said to have facilitated liberalization. Reexamining these arguments, the authors find that none establishes a convincing link between political or fiscal decentralization and China's successes. They suggest an alternative view of the reform process in which growth-enhancing policies emerged from competition between promarket and conservative factions in Beijing.

Speech coding, reconstruction and recognition using acoustics and electromagnetic waves

Abstract: The use of EM radiation in conjunction with simultaneously recorded speech information enables a complete mathematical coding of acoustic speech. The methods include the forming of a feature vector (12, 13) for each pitch period of voiced speech and the forming of feature vectors (12, 13) for each time frame of unvoiced, as well as for combined voiced and unvoiced speech. The methods include how to deconvolve the speech excitation function from the acoustic speech output to describe the transfer function (7) each time frame. The formation of feature vectors (12, 13) defining all acoustic speech units over well-defined time frames can be used for purposes of speech coding, speech compression, speaker identification, language-of-speech identification, speech recognition, speech synthesis, speech translation, speech telephony, and speech teaching.

Deriving covariant holographic entanglement

Abstract: We provide a gravitational argument in favour of the covariant holographic entanglement entropy proposal. In general time-dependent states, the proposal asserts that the entanglement entropy of a region in the boundary field theory is given by a quarter of the area of a bulk extremal surface in Planck units. The main element of our discussion is an implementation of an appropriate Schwinger-Keldysh contour to obtain the reduced density matrix (and its powers) of a given region, as is relevant for the replica construction. We map this contour into the bulk gravitational theory, and argue that the saddle point solutions of these replica geometries lead to a consistent prescription for computing the field theory Renyi entropies. In the limiting case where the replica index is taken to unity, a local analysis suffices to show that these saddles lead to the extremal surfaces of interest. We also comment on various properties of holographic entanglement that follow from this construction.

Social participation among young adults with an autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: Investigating social participation of young adults with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is important given the increasing number of youth aging into young adulthood. Social participation is an indicator of life quality and overall functioning. Using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2, we examined rates of participation in social activities among young adults who received special education services for autism (ASD group), compared to young adults who received special education for intellectual disability, emotional/behavioral disability, or a learning disability. Young adults with an ASD were significantly more likely to never see friends, never get called by friends, never be invited to activities, and be socially isolated. Among those with an ASD, lower conversation ability, lower functional skills, and living with a parent were predictors of less social participation.

Group-iii nitride based high electron mobility transistor (hemt) with barrier/spacer layer

Abstract: A group III nitride based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) (10) is disclosed that provides improved high frequency performance. One embodiment of the HEMT (10) comprises a GaN buffer layer (26), with an AlyGa1-yN (y=1 or y 1) layer (28) on the Gan buffer layer (26). An AlxGa1-xN (0≤x≤0.5) barrier layer (30) is on the AlyGa1-yN layer (28), opposite the GaN buffer layer (26), the AlyGa1-yN layer (28) having a higher Al concentration than that of the AlxGa1-xN barrirer layer (30). A preferred AlyGa1-yN layer (28) has y=1 or y≃1 and a preferred AlxGa1-xN barrier layer (30) has 0≤0.5. A 2DEG (38) forms at the interface between the GaN buffer layer (26) and the AlyGa1-yN layer (28). Respective source, drain and gate contacts (32, 34, 36) are formed on the AlxGa1-xN barrier layer (30). The HEMT (10) can also include a substrate (22) adjacent to the buffer layer (26), opposite the AlyGa1-yN layer (28) and a nucleation layer (24) can be included between the GaN buffer layer (26) and the substrate (22).