Institution
University of California
Education•Oakland, California, United States•
About: University of California is a education organization based out in Oakland, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Layer (electronics). The organization has 55175 authors who have published 52933 publications receiving 1491169 citations. The organization is also known as: UC & University of California System.
Topics: Population, Layer (electronics), Nucleic acid, Laser, Cancer
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: An update of this emergent field of hybridization, based both on the papers in this volume and on the relevant literature, considers how its examples suggest mechanisms whereby hybridization may act to stimulate the evolution of invasiveness.
Abstract: Less than a decade ago, we proposed that hybridization could serve as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness in plants (Ellstrand and Schierenbeck Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 97:7043–7050, 2000). A substantial amount of research has taken place on that topic since the publication of that paper, stimulating the symposium that makes up this special issue. Here we present an update of this emergent field, based both on the papers in this volume and on the relevant literature. We reevaluate the lists that we presented in our earlier paper of reports in which hybridization has preceded the evolution of invasiveness. We discard a few cases that were found to be in error, published only as abstracts, or based on personal communication. Then we augment the list from examples in this volume and a supplementary literature search. Despite the omissions, the total number of cases has increased. Many have been strengthened. We add a list of cases in which there has been evidence that intra-taxon hybridization has preceded the evolution of invasiveness. We also provide a number of examples from organisms other than plants. We consider how our examples suggest mechanisms whereby hybridization may act to stimulate the evolution of invasiveness. Hybridization does not represent the only evolutionary pathway to invasiveness, but it is one that can explain why the appearance of invasiveness often involves a long lag time and/or multiple introductions of exotics.
277 citations
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University of California1, McGill University2, Oregon Health & Science University3, Florida International University4, Yale University5, University of Washington6, Virginia Commonwealth University7, University of Vermont8, University of Michigan9, Medical University of South Carolina10, National Institute on Drug Abuse11, SRI International12, Children's Hospital Los Angeles13, National Institutes of Health14, McGovern Institute for Brain Research15, Harvard University16, Medical College of Wisconsin17, University of Colorado Boulder18, University of Florida19, University of Maryland, Baltimore20, University of Massachusetts Amherst21, University of Minnesota22, University of Pittsburgh23, University of Rochester24, University of Tennessee25, University of Utah26, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee27, Boston University28
TL;DR: The baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by the ABCD DAIC in the centralized processing and extraction of neuroanatomical and functional imaging phenotypes are described.
Abstract: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The ABCD Study is a collaborative effort, including a Coordinating Center, 21 data acquisition sites across the United States, and a Data Analysis and Informatics Center (DAIC). The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning. The data will provide a resource of unprecedented scale and depth for studying typical and atypical development. Here, we describe the baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by the ABCD DAIC in the centralized processing and extraction of neuroanatomical and functional imaging phenotypes. Neuroimaging processing and analyses include modality-specific corrections for distortions and motion, brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), analysis of brain microstructure using diffusion MRI (dMRI), task-related analysis of functional MRI (fMRI), and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI.
276 citations
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01 Feb 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, robust memristors with good thermal stability, which is lacking in traditional memristor, can be created from a van der Waals heterostructure composed of graphene.
Abstract: Van der Waals heterostructures are formed by stacking layers of different two-dimensional materials and offer the possibility to design new materials with atomic-level precision. By combining the valuable properties of different 2D systems, such heterostructures could potentially be used to address existing challenges in the development of electronic devices, particularly those that require vertical multi-layered structures. Here we show that robust memristors with good thermal stability, which is lacking in traditional memristors, can be created from a van der Waals heterostructure composed of graphene/MoS2–xO
x
/graphene. The devices exhibit excellent switching performance with an endurance of up to 107 and a high operating temperature of up to 340 °C. With the help of in situ electron microscopy, we show that the thermal stability is due to the MoS2–xO
x
switching layer, as well as the graphene electrodes and the atomically sharp interface between the electrodes and the switching layer. We also show that the devices have a well-defined conduction channel and a switching mechanism that is based on the migration of oxygen ions. Finally, we demonstrate that the memristor devices can be fabricated on a polyimide substrate and exhibit good endurance against over 1,000 bending cycles, illustrating their potential for flexible electronic applications. Memristors that offer good thermal stability, which is lacking in traditional memristors, can be created from a van der Waals heterostructure composed of graphene/MoS2–xO
x
/graphene.
276 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate optical switching of electrically resonant terahertz planar metamaterials fabricated on ErAs/GaAs nanoisland superlattice substrates.
Abstract: We demonstrate optical switching of electrically resonant terahertz planar metamaterials fabricated on ErAs/GaAs nanoisland superlattice substrates. Photoexcited charge carriers in the superlattice shunt the capacitive regions of the constituent elements, thereby modulating the resonant response of the metamaterials. A switching recovery time of 20 ps results from fast carrier recombination in the ErAs/GaAs superlattice substrates.
276 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used data for average riverine nitrogen flux and anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen over a 6-year period (1988-1993) for 16 major watersheds in the northeastern United States to examine if there is also a climatic influence on nitrogen fluxes in rivers.
Abstract: The flux of nitrogen in large rivers in North America and Europe is well explained as a function of the net anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen to the landscape, with on average 20 to 25% of these inputs exported in rivers and 75 to 80% of the nitrogen retained or denitrified in the landscape. Here, we use data for average riverine nitrogen fluxes and anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen over a 6-year period (1988–1993) for 16 major watersheds in the northeastern United States to examine if there is also a climatic influence on nitrogen fluxes in rivers. Previous studies have shown that for any given river, nitrogen fluxes are greater in years with higher discharge, but this can be interpreted as storage of nitrogen in the landscape during dry years and flushing of this stored nitrogen during wet years. Our analyses demonstrate that there is also a longer-term steady-state influence of climate on riverine nitrogen fluxes. Those watersheds that have higher precipitation and higher discharge export a greater fraction of the net anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen. This fractional export ranges from 10 to 15% of the nitrogen inputs in drier watersheds in the northeastern United States to over 35% in the wetter watersheds. We believe this is driven by lower rates of denitrification in the wetter watersheds, perhaps because shorter water residence times do not allow for as much denitrification in riparian wetlands and low-order streams. Using mean projections for the consequences of future climate change on precipitation and discharge, we estimate that nitrogen fluxes in the Susquehanna River to Chesapeake Bay may increase by 3 to 17% by 2030 and by 16 to 65% by 2095 due to greater fractional delivery of net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs as precipitation and discharge increase. Although these projections are highly uncertain, they suggest a need to better consider the influence of climate on riverine nitrogen fluxes as part of management efforts to control coastal nitrogen pollution.
276 citations
Authors
Showing all 55232 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
George M. Whitesides | 240 | 1739 | 269833 |
Michael Karin | 236 | 704 | 226485 |
Fred H. Gage | 216 | 967 | 185732 |
Rob Knight | 201 | 1061 | 253207 |
Martin White | 196 | 2038 | 232387 |
Simon D. M. White | 189 | 795 | 231645 |
Scott M. Grundy | 187 | 841 | 231821 |
Peidong Yang | 183 | 562 | 144351 |
Patrick O. Brown | 183 | 755 | 200985 |
Michael G. Rosenfeld | 178 | 504 | 107707 |
George M. Church | 172 | 900 | 120514 |
David Haussler | 172 | 488 | 224960 |
Yang Yang | 171 | 2644 | 153049 |
Alan J. Heeger | 171 | 913 | 147492 |