University of California

About: University of California is a education organization based out in Oakland, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Layer (electronics). The organization has 55175 authors who have published 52933 publications receiving 1491169 citations. The organization is also known as: UC & University of California System.

Use of Internet panels to conduct surveys

Abstract: The use of Internet panels to collect survey data is increasing because it is cost-effective, enables access to large and diverse samples quickly, takes less time than traditional methods to obtain data for analysis, and the standardization of the data collection process makes studies easy to replicate. A variety of probability-based panels have been created, including Telepanel/CentERpanel, Knowledge Networks (now GFK KnowledgePanel), the American Life Panel, the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel, and the Understanding America Study panel. Despite the advantage of having a known denominator (sampling frame), the probability-based Internet panels often have low recruitment participation rates, and some have argued that there is little practical difference between opting out of a probability sample and opting into a nonprobability (convenience) Internet panel. This article provides an overview of both probability-based and convenience panels, discussing potential benefits and cautions for each method, and summarizing the approaches used to weight panel respondents in order to better represent the underlying population. Challenges of using Internet panel data are discussed, including false answers, careless responses, giving the same answer repeatedly, getting multiple surveys from the same respondent, and panelists being members of multiple panels. More is to be learned about Internet panels generally and about Web-based data collection, as well as how to evaluate data collected using mobile devices and social-media platforms.

SAVE: source address validity enforcement protocol

Abstract: Forcing all IP packets to carry correct source addresses can greatly help network security, attack tracing, and network problem debugging. However, due to asymmetries in today's Internet routing, routers do not have readily available information to verify the correctness of the source address for each incoming packet. In this paper we describe a new protocol, named SAVE, that can provide routers with the information needed for source address validation. SAVE messages propagate valid source address information from the source location to all destinations, allowing each router along the way to build an incoming table that associates each incoming interface of the router with a set of valid source address blocks. This paper presents the protocol design and evaluates its correctness and performance by simulation experiments. The paper also discusses the issues of protocol security, the effectiveness of partial SAVE deployment, and the handling of unconventional forms of network routing, such as mobile IP and tunneling.

Efficient Instantiations of Tweakable Blockciphers and Refinements to Modes OCB and PMAC

Abstract: We describe highly efficient constructions, XE and XEX, that turn a blockcipher \(E: \mathcal{K} \times \{0, 1 \}^{n} \rightarrow \{0, 1 \}^{n}\) into a tweakable blockcipher \({E}: \mathcal{K} \times \mathcal{T} \times \{0, 1 \}^{n} \rightarrow \{0, 1 \}^{n}\) having tweak space \(\mathcal{T} = \{0, 1 \}^{n} \times \mathbb{I}\) where \(\mathbb{I}\) is a set of tuples of integers such as \(\mathbb{I} = [..2^{n/2}] \times [0..10]\). When tweak T is obtained from tweak S by incrementing one if its numerical components, the cost to compute \({E}^{T}_{K}(M)\) having already computed some \({E}^{S}_{K}(M')\) is one blockcipher call plus a small and constant number of elementary machine operations. Our constructions work by associating to the i th coordinate of \(\mathbb{I}\) an element \(\alpha_{i} \epsilon \mathbb{F}^{*}_{2}n\) and multiplying by α i when one increments that component of the tweak. We illustrate the use of this approach by refining the authenticated-encryption scheme OCB and the message authentication code PMAC, yielding variants of these algorithms that are simpler and faster than the original schemes, and yet have simpler proofs. Our results bolster the thesis of Liskov, Rivest, and Wagner [10] that a desirable approach for designing modes of operation is to start from a tweakable blockcipher. We elaborate on their idea, suggesting the kind of tweak space, usage-discipline, and blockcipher-based instantiations that give rise to simple and efficient modes.

The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer for the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

Abstract: The SOHO Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS/SOHO) is composed of three reflecting telescopes with external and internal occultation and a spectrometer assembly consisting of two toric grating spectrometers and a visible light polarimeter. The purpose of the UVCS instrument is to provide a body of data that can be used to address a broad range of scientific questions regarding the nature of the solar corona and the generation of the solar wind. The primary scientific goals are the following: to locate and characterize the coronal source regions of the solar wind, to identify and understand the dominant physical processes that accelerate the solar wind, to understand how the coronal plasma is heated in solar wind acceleration regions, and to increase the knowledge of coronal phenomena that control the physical properties of the solar wind as determined by in situ measurements. To progress toward these goals, the UVCS will perform ultraviolet spectroscopy and visible polarimetry to be combined with plasma diagnostic analysis techniques to provide detailed empirical descriptions of the extended solar corona from the coronal base to a heliocentric height of 12 solar radii.

Remaking the World of Chinese Labour: A 30-Year Retrospective

Abstract: Over the past 30 years, labour relations, and, indeed, the entirety of working-class politics in China, have been dramatically altered by economic reforms. In this review, we focus on the two key processes of commodification and casualization and their implications for workers. On the one hand, these processes have resulted in the destruction of the old social contract and the emergence of marketized employment relations. This has implied a loss of the job security and generous benefits enjoyed by workers in the planned economy. On the other hand, commodification and casualization have produced significant but localized resistance from the Chinese working class. Up until now, the activities of labour non-governmental organizations and of the official trade unions have contributed to the state's effort of individualizing and institutionalizing labour conflict resolution through labour law and arbitration mechanisms. Finally, we provide a brief discussion of the impact of 2008's Labour Contract Law and the outbreak of the economic crisis on labour relations. We conclude that the continual imbalance of power at the point of production presents a real dilemma for the Chinese state as it attempts to shift away from a model of development dependent on exports.