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Institution

University of California

EducationOakland, California, United States
About: University of California is a education organization based out in Oakland, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Layer (electronics). The organization has 55175 authors who have published 52933 publications receiving 1491169 citations. The organization is also known as: UC & University of California System.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the importance of moving beyond triage of dead and dying trees to making "green" (live) forests more resilient to climate change and highlight the need to move beyond triaging of dead or dying trees.
Abstract: Massive tree mortality has occurred rapidly in frequent-fire-adapted forests of the Sierra Nevada, California. This mortality is a product of acute drought compounded by the long-established removal of a key ecosystem process: frequent, lowto moderate-intensity fire. The recent tree mortality has many implications for the future of these forests and the ecological goods and services they provide to society. Future wildfire hazard following this mortality can be generally characterized by decreased crown fire potential and increased surface fire intensity in the short to intermediate term. The scale of present tree mortality is so large that greater potential for “mass fire” exists in the coming decades, driven by the amount and continuity of dry, combustible, large woody material that could produce large, severe fires. For long-term adaptation to climate change, we highlight the importance of moving beyond triage of dead and dying trees to making “green” (live) forests more resilient.

236 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The incentives that underlie self-citation are examined by studying how authors’ references to their own works affect the citations they receive from others, and it is shown that the more one cites oneself the moreOne is cited by other scholars.
Abstract: Self-citations — those where authors cite their own works — account for a significant portion of all citations. These self-references may result from the cumulative nature of individual research, the need for personal gratification, or the value of self-citation as a rhetorical and tactical tool in the struggle for visibility and scientific authority. In this article we examine the incentives that underlie self-citation by studying how authors’ references to their own works affect the citations they receive from others. We report the results of a macro study of more than half a million citations to articles by Norwegian scientists that appeared in the Science Citation Index. We show that the more one cites oneself the more one is cited by other scholars. Controlling for numerous sources of variation in cumulative citations from others, our models suggest that each additional self-citation increases the number of citations from others by about one after one year, and by about three after five years. Moreover, there is no significant penalty for the most frequent self-citers — the effect of self-citation remains positive even for very high rates of self-citation. These results carry important policy implications for the use of citations to evaluate performance and distribute resources in science and they represent new information on the role and impact of self-citations in scientific communication.

236 citations

Patent
13 Apr 2006
TL;DR: A method of retrieving documents using a search engine includes providing a reverse index including one or more keywords and a list of documents containing the keywords, the reverse index further including a measure of confidence (MOC) value associated with the keywords as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A method of retrieving documents using a search engine includes providing a reverse index including one or more keywords and a list of documents containing the one or more keywords, the reverse index further including a measure of confidence (MOC) value associated with the one or more keywords. One or more query terms are input into the search engine. The query terms are disambiguated and a MOC value is associated with each meaning of the disambiguated query term. A list of documents is retrieved containing the query terms wherein the documents are initially ranked based at least in part on the MOC values of the keywords and query terms. The list of documents may be re-ranked based at least in part on the semantic similarity of each document to the disambiguated query terms.

236 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three-dimensional models of periplasmic binding proteins, based on homology to PBPs and a recently resolved crystal structure of the extracellular binding domain of a glutamate receptor ion channel, can serve as a guide in drug discovery.
Abstract: Located between the inner and outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs) scavenge or sense diverse nutrients in the environment by coupling to transporters or chemotaxis receptors in the inner membrane. Their three-dimensional structures have been deduced in atomic detail with the use of X-ray crystallography, both in the free and liganded state. PBPs consist of two large lobes that close around the bound ligand, resembling a Venus flytrap. This architecture is reiterated in transcriptional regulators, such as the lac repressors. In the process of evolution, genes encoding the PBPs have fused with genes for integral membrane proteins. Thus, diverse mammalian receptors contain extracellular ligand binding domains that are homologous to the PBPs; these include glutamate/glycine-gated ion channels such as the NMDA receptor, G protein-coupled receptors, including metabotropic glutamate, GABA-B, calcium sensing, and pheromone receptors, and atrial natriuretic peptide-guanylate cyclase receptors. Many of these receptors are promising drug targets. On the basis of homology to PBPs and a recently resolved crystal structure of the extracellular binding domain of a glutamate receptor ion channel, it is possible to construct three-dimensional models of their ligand binding domains. Together with the extensive information available on the mechanism of ligand binding to PBPs, such models can serve as a guide in drug discovery.

236 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that in certain WHO 2016 diagnostic groups, testing for TERT promoter mutations or ATRX alterations may provide additional useful prognostic information.
Abstract: The "integrated diagnosis" for infiltrating gliomas in the 2016 revised World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system requires assessment of the tumor for IDH mutations and 1p/19q codeletion. Since TERT promoter mutations and ATRX alterations have been shown to be associated with prognosis, we analyzed whether these tumor markers provide additional prognostic information within each of the five WHO 2016 categories. We used data for 1206 patients from the UCSF Adult Glioma Study, the Mayo Clinic and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with infiltrative glioma, grades II-IV for whom tumor status for IDH, 1p/19q codeletion, ATRX, and TERT had been determined. All cases were assigned to one of 5 groups following the WHO 2016 diagnostic criteria based on their morphologic features, and IDH and 1p/19q codeletion status. These groups are: (1) Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted; (2) Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant; (3) Glioblastoma, IDH-mutant; (4) Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype; and (5) Astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype. Within each group, we used univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to assess associations of overall survival with patient age at diagnosis, grade, and ATRX alteration status and/or TERT promoter mutation status. Among Group 1 IDH-mutant 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas, the TERT-WT group had significantly worse overall survival than the TERT-MUT group (HR: 2.72, 95% CI 1.05-7.04, p = 0.04). In both Group 2, IDH-mutant astrocytomas and Group 3, IDH-mutant glioblastomas, neither TERT mutations nor ATRX alterations were significantly associated with survival. Among Group 4, IDH-wildtype glioblastomas, ATRX alterations were associated with favorable outcomes (HR: 0.36, 95% CI 0.17-0.81, p = 0.01). Among Group 5, IDH-wildtype astrocytomas, the TERT-WT group had significantly better overall survival than the TERT-MUT group (HR: 0.48, 95% CI 0.27-0.87), p = 0.02). Thus, we present evidence that in certain WHO 2016 diagnostic groups, testing for TERT promoter mutations or ATRX alterations may provide additional useful prognostic information.

236 citations


Authors

Showing all 55232 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Meir J. Stampfer2771414283776
George M. Whitesides2401739269833
Michael Karin236704226485
Fred H. Gage216967185732
Rob Knight2011061253207
Martin White1962038232387
Simon D. M. White189795231645
Scott M. Grundy187841231821
Peidong Yang183562144351
Patrick O. Brown183755200985
Michael G. Rosenfeld178504107707
George M. Church172900120514
David Haussler172488224960
Yang Yang1712644153049
Alan J. Heeger171913147492
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202322
2022105
2021775
20201,069
20191,225
20181,684