University of California

About: University of California is a education organization based out in Oakland, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Layer (electronics). The organization has 55175 authors who have published 52933 publications receiving 1491169 citations. The organization is also known as: UC & University of California System.

Antisense oligonucleotides comprising 5-aminoalkyl pyrimidine nucleotides

Abstract: Replacement of the natural nucleotides with unnatural zwitterionic nucleotides having a cationic moiety tethered to the base (or analog thereof) results in oligodeoxynucleotides with diminished charge but undiminished ability to complex with DNA at low ionic strengths. We have now discovered that DNA can be made fully zwitterionic by introducing tethered cationic moieties to the bases without affecting duplex formation. The resulting oligonucleotides have the further advantages of being nuclease resistant.

Immersive video, including video hypermosaicing to generate from multiple video views of a scene a three-dimensional video mosaic from which diverse virtual video scene images are synthesized, including panoramic, scene interactive and stereoscopic images

Abstract: Immersive video, or television, images of a real-world scene are synthesized, including on demand and/or in real time, as are linked to any of a particular perspective on the scene, or an object or event in the scene. Synthesis is in accordance with user-specified parameters of presentation, including presentations that are any of panoramic, magnified, stereoscopic, or possessed of motional parallax. The image synthesis is based on computerized video processing--called "hypermosaicing"--of multiple video perspectives on the scene. In hypermosaicing a knowledge database contains information about the scene; for example scene geometry, shapes and behaviors of objects in the scene, and/or internal and/or external camera calibration models. Multiple video cameras each at a different spatial location produce multiple two-dimensional video images of the scene. A viewer/user specifies viewing criterion (ia) at a viewer interface. A computer, typically one or more engineering work station class computers or better, includes in software and/or hardware (i) a video data analyzer for detecting and for tracking scene objects and their locations, (ii) an environmental model builder combining multiple scene images to build a 3D dynamic model recording scene objects and their instant spatial locations, (iii) a viewer criterion interpreter, and (iv) a visualizer for generating from the 3D model in accordance with the viewing criterion one or more selectively synthesized 2D video image(s) of the scene.

Towards Strange Metallic Holography

Abstract: We initiate a holographic model building approach to `strange metallic' phenomenology. Our model couples a neutral Lifshitz-invariant quantum critical theory, dual to a bulk gravitational background, to a finite density of gapped probe charge carriers, dually described by D-branes. In the physical regime of temperature much lower than the charge density and gap, we exhibit anomalous scalings of the temperature and frequency dependent conductivity. Choosing the dynamical critical exponent z appropriately we can match the non-Fermi liquid scalings, such as linear resistivity, observed in strange metal regimes. As part of our investigation we outline three distinct string theory realizations of Lifshitz geometries: from F theory, from polarised branes, and from a gravitating charged Fermi gas. We also identify general features of renormalisation group ow in Lifshitz theories, such as the appearance of relevant charge-charge interactions when z ≥ 2. We outline a program to extend this model building approach to other anomalous observables of interest such as the Hall conductivity.

Ischemic Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, and Longevity

Abstract: IN THE LATE 1940's Duff and McMillan' 2 made the remarkable observation that alloxan-diabetic rabbits developed equal or higher blood cholesterol levels, but markedly less atherosclerosis, than did nondiabetic rabbits fed an equivalent high-cholesterol diet. From the excessive visible lipemia characteristic of the alloxan-diabetic rabbits in this experiment, Duff and McMillan surmised that the physical state of blood cholesterol might be altered in the alloxanized animals and that this alteration might account for their lower degree of atherosclerosis. During those same years, the difficulties attending the study of serum macromolecules in the ultracentrifuge were understood and resolved.3-5 It was shown that in humans and in several other mammalian species a spectrum of lipoproteins, bearing cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids, existed spontaneously or could be induced by a variety of experimental means. In the rabbit it was demonstrated early6' 7that aortic atherogenesis, at least, was strongly related to the serum level of lipoproteins of a rather narrow size-range, the level of lipoproteins larger or smaller in size being unrelated to the rate of development of the atherosclerotic lesion. The Duff observations were explained when it was demonstrated that the alloxanized, cholesterol-fed rabbit transported its massive concentrations of cholesterol in lipoproteins of Sf values greater than 80, with almost no transport in the form of atherosclerosis-associated Sf 12-40 lipoproteins.7

Diversification practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap

Abstract: Agriculture today places great strains on biodiversity, soils, water and the atmosphere, and these strains will be exacerbated if current trends in population growth, meat and energy consumption, and food waste continue. Thus, farming systems that are both highly productive and minimize environmental harms are critically needed. How organic agriculture may contribute to world food production has been subject to vigorous debate over the past decade. Here, we revisit this topic comparing organic and conventional yields with a new meta-dataset three times larger than previously used (115 studies containing more than 1000 observations) and a new hierarchical analytical framework that can better account for the heterogeneity and structure in the data. We find organic yields are only 19.2% (±3.7%) lower than conventional yields, a smaller yield gap than previous estimates. More importantly, we find entirely different effects of crop types and management practices on the yield gap compared with previous studies. For example, we found no significant differences in yields for leguminous versus non-leguminous crops, perennials versus annuals or developed versus developing countries. Instead, we found the novel result that two agricultural diversification practices, multi-cropping and crop rotations, substantially reduce the yield gap (to 9 ± 4% and 8 ± 5%, respectively) when the methods were applied in only organic systems. These promising results, based on robust analysis of a larger meta-dataset, suggest that appropriate investment in agroecological research to improve organic management systems could greatly reduce or eliminate the yield gap for some crops or regions.