University of California

About: University of California is a education organization based out in Oakland, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Layer (electronics). The organization has 55175 authors who have published 52933 publications receiving 1491169 citations. The organization is also known as: UC & University of California System.

An update on the use and investigation of probiotics in health and disease

Abstract: Probiotics are derived from traditional fermented foods, from beneficial commensals or from the environment. They act through diverse mechanisms affecting the composition or function of the commensal microbiota and by altering host epithelial and immunological responses. Certain probiotic interventions have shown promise in selected clinical conditions where aberrant microbiota have been reported, such as atopic dermatitis, necrotising enterocolitis, pouchitis and possibly irritable bowel syndrome. However, no studies have been conducted that can causally link clinical improvements to probiotic-induced microbiota changes. Whether a disease-prone microbiota pattern can be remodelled to a more robust, resilient and disease-free state by probiotic administration remains a key unanswered question. Progress in this area will be facilitated by: optimising strain, dose and product formulations, including protective commensal species; matching these formulations with selectively responsive subpopulations; and identifying ways to manipulate diet to modify bacterial profiles and metabolism.

Learning-based view synthesis for light field cameras

Abstract: With the introduction of consumer light field cameras, light field imaging has recently become widespread. However, there is an inherent trade-off between the angular and spatial resolution, and thus, these cameras often sparsely sample in either spatial or angular domain. In this paper, we use machine learning to mitigate this trade-off. Specifically, we propose a novel learning-based approach to synthesize new views from a sparse set of input views. We build upon existing view synthesis techniques and break down the process into disparity and color estimation components. We use two sequential convolutional neural networks to model these two components and train both networks simultaneously by minimizing the error between the synthesized and ground truth images. We show the performance of our approach using only four corner sub-aperture views from the light fields captured by the Lytro Illum camera. Experimental results show that our approach synthesizes high-quality images that are superior to the state-of-the-art techniques on a variety of challenging real-world scenes. We believe our method could potentially decrease the required angular resolution of consumer light field cameras, which allows their spatial resolution to increase.

Rank Methods for Combination of Independent Experiments in Analysis of Variance

Abstract: It is now coming to be generally agreed that in testing for shift in the two-sample problem, certain tests based on ranks have considerable advantage over the classical t-test. From the beginning, rank tests were recognized to have one important advantage: their significance levels are exact under the sole assumption that the samples are randomly drawn (or that the assignment of treatments to subjects is performed at random), whereas the t-test in effect is exact only when we are dealing with random samples from normal distributions. On the other hand, it was felt that this advantage had to be balanced against the various optimum properties possessed by the t-test under the assumption of normality. It is now being recognized that these optimum properties are somewhat illusory and that, under realistic assumptions about extreme observations or gross errors, the t-test in practice may well be less efficient than such rank tests as the Wilcoxon or normal scores test [6], [7].

Destruction of Superconductivity at the Onset of Long-Range Magnetic Order in the Compound ErRh 4 B 4

Abstract: The compound ErRh4B4 becomes superconducting at a critical temperature T c1 of 8.7 K followed by a return to the normal state at a second critical temperature T c2 of 0.9 K. The return to the normal state at T c2 is coincident with the occurrence of long-range ordering of the magnetic moments of the Er 3+ ions which completely occupy a set of equivalent lattice sites.

Cross-cultural Interaction: The International Comparison Fallacy?

Abstract: Joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, licensing and distribution agreements, and sales of products and services—crucial aspects of all such interorganizational relationships, are face-to-face negotiations. As the proportion of foreign to domestic trade increases, so does the frequency of business negotiations between people from different countries and cultures. Perlmutter estimates that over 50% of an international manager’s time is spent negotiating.1 To successfully manage these negotiations, businesspeople need to know how to influence and communicate with members of cultures other than their own.