Showing papers by "University of California, Irvine published in 1971"
TL;DR: A fraction enriched in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM fraction) can be prepared on a simple discontinuous gradient in relatively good yield and contains β-N- acetylglucosaminidase, which is not completely washed out of the SPM fraction by salt treatment but is released by low concentrations of Triton X-100.
615 citations
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01 Jan 1971TL;DR: The Riesz theory for compact operators and Spectral theory for spectral operators have been studied in this paper, with a focus on duality linear operators and selfadjoint operators.
Abstract: Basic notions Duality Linear operators The Riesz theory for compact operators Fredholm operators Spectral theory Unbounded operators Reflexive Banach spaces Banach algebras Semigroups Hilbert space Bilinear forms Selfadjoint operators Measures of operators Examples and applications Glossary Major Theorems Bibliography Index.
587 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a general complementarity problem with respect to a convex cone and its polar in a locally convex, vector-topological space is defined, and an existence theorem is established for this general case, from which several of the known results for the finite-dimensional cases follow.
Abstract: A general complementarity problem with respect to a convex cone and its polar in a locally convex, vector-topological space is defined. It is observed that, in this general setting, the problem is equivalent to a variational inequality over a convex cone. An existence theorem is established for this general case, from which several of the known results for the finite-dimensional cases follow under weaker assumptions than have been required previously. In particular, it is shown that, if the given map under consideration is strongly copositive with respect to the underlying convex cone, then the complementarity problem has a solution.
299 citations
TL;DR: When fragments of the foreleg disc are injected into old larval hosts, they differentiate structures according to the anlage plan as discussed by the authors, they can also duplicate patterns, regenerate, or form multiple copies of units of markers.
227 citations
TL;DR: This first of a series of symposia commemorating G. Stanley Hall’s contribution to psychology is devoted to the topic of memory, where an analysis of memory processes seems appropriate as a beginning.
Abstract: It seems most fitting that the first of a series of symposia commemorating G. Stanley Hall’s contribution to psychology is devoted to the topic of memory. Memory processes are central to all aspects of psychological functioning: Our consciousness and our actions are shaped by our experiences. And our experiences shape us only because of their lingering consequences, which we term, collectively, memory. Memory is, of course, not the sole determiner of our experience and behavior. But in bridging the past and the present, memory serves a central coordinating role. Thus, understanding of the nature and bases of memory is essential for understanding of the broad range of problems that interested G. Stanley Hall. An analysis of memory processes seems appropriate as a beginning.
216 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the peripherally active steroid dihydrotestosterone probably plays no role in the maintenance of sexual behavior and can be accumulated by brain and peripheral androgen-sensitive tissues.
164 citations
TL;DR: The generality of these findings was obtained by depriving mice of REM sleep during the interval between a discrimination training experiment in a black-white T-maze and the subsequent retention test, which showed a temporary retrograde amnesia.
144 citations
01 Jan 1971
140 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that homoeotic leg cells and antennal cells can both respond to the same positional information or prepattern, and suggest that determination may be of two types—a clonally inherited determination and an environmental determination.
140 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that regeneration and duplication are identical phenomena, resulting from the properties of of the anlagen at the cut edge.
138 citations
TL;DR: Examination of colchicine-treated secondary walls in KMnO4 fixed material shows that in the absence of microtubules the cellulose microfibrils lose their normal parallel orientation and are deposited in swirls and curved configurations, and often lie at sharp angles to the axis of the secondary wall band.
Abstract: The role of microtubules in tracheary element formation in cultured stem segments ofColeus has been investigated through the use of the antimicrotubule drug, colchicine. Colchicine treatment of the cultured stem segments produced a dual effect on xylem differentiation. If applied at the time of stem segment isolation or shortly thereafter, wound vessel member formation is almost completely blocked. However, if colchicine is applied after the third day of culture, it does not inhibit differentiation, but instead large numbers of xylem elements are formed which have highly deformed secondary walls. Both effects are related to colchicine's specific affinity for microtubules. In the first case it is shown that colchicine blocks mitosis, presumably by destroying the spindle apparatus, and thus inhibits divisions which are prerequisite for the initiation of xylem differentiation. While, if colchicine is applied after the necessary preparative divisions have taken place, it destroys specifically the cortical microtubules associated with the developing bands of secondary wall, thus causing aberrant wall deposition.
TL;DR: Clones of cells which were genetically marked at specific ages by X-ray induced somatic crossing-over were observed on the antenna of Drosophila melanogaster, which indicates that oriented cell divisions play a role in antennal morphogenesis.
TL;DR: A significant but short-lasting inhibition of brain protein synthesis and an increase in the amount of free leucine were produced by electroshock at intensities above the brain seizure threshold.
Abstract: The effects of electroshock on brain seizure activity and brain protein synthesis were studied in male mice. A significant but short-lasting inhibition of brain protein synthesis and an increase in the amount of free leucine were produced by electroshock at intensities above the brain seizure threshold. Electroshock at intensities below the brain seizure threshold did not affect brain protein synthesis.
TL;DR: Opsonic factors which enhanced phagocytosis of chicken red blood cells were found and a mechanism of bacterial clearance by the sea hare involving agglutinin and opsonin activity is hypothesized.
TL;DR: The use of these carboxyl-labeled amino acids simplifies the technical and theoretical complications that arise in measuring brain protein synthesis and allows studies impractical with many other radioactive amino acids.
TL;DR: Sections prepared by the Nauta and Nissl methods have been used to study the subcortical distribution of axon and cell degeneration in rabbits after lesions in visual areas I and II of the cerebral cortex.
Abstract: Sections prepared by the Nauta and Nissl methods have been used to study the subcortical distribution of axon and cell degeneration in rabbits after lesions in visual areas I and II (V I and V II) of the cerebral cortex. Degeneration was limited to the side of the lesions. Following lesions of either V I or V II, two distinct groups of degenerating axons were traced caudally. (i) One of these groups projected through the optic tract and its subjacent nuclei. The terminal portions of its axons were found to form zones of pericellular fiber (or boutonal) degeneration in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), the ventral and dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei (LGv, LGd), the pulvinar (Pul), the nuclei praetectalis anterior and posterior (dorsal and lateral parts respectively), the nucleus tractus opticus, and the superior colliculus (SC). In the TRN, LGd, Pul, and nuclei praetectalis anterior and posterior the zones of degeneration were disposed into distinct columns. After lesions involving V II the terminal portions of these axons were also seen to form zones of pericellular fiber degeneration in the nuclei praetectalis and posterior (ventral and medial parts respectively), the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, and the zona incerta. (ii) The second group of degenerating axons traversed the cerebral peduncle and the terminal portions of its axons were shown to form zones of pericellular fiber degeneration in the basal pons.
Retinotopically organized projections from V I were recognized in the LGv, LGd, Pul, nuclei praetectalis anterior and posterior (dorsal and lateral parts respectively), and SC; and the evidence reveals the presence of similarly organized projections from V II. Other retinotopically organized projections from the visual areas could not be demonstrated.
The data support the view that the collateral branches of visual cortical axons serve as a principal source of input to some of the cellular components receiving innervation from the visual areas.
Cellular degeneration was confined to the LGd and then present only with lesions involving V I. With each such lesion, the cellular degeneration formed a distinct column within the LGd, and this column and the one consisting of pericellular fiber (or boutonal) degeneration were consistently found to overlap.
TL;DR: An analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic interactions in the egg of Drosophila melanogaster by means of nuclear transplantations is begun, to assess the developmental capacities of embryos from nuclear transplantation which underwent a great deal of development but would never have hatched.
Abstract: IT has been known for some time that factors in the cytoplasm of many eggs can influence the development of the cells, part of which they eventually constitute. This is most clearly seen in the case of the germ cell determinants. The removal of a particular region of the egg (the “pole plasm”) results in the absence of germ cells in the resulting animals1. We have begun an analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic interactions in the egg of Drosophila melanogaster by means of nuclear transplantations. The advantages of Drosophila are its well described genetics and development; its disadvantages are the small size of the egg, its extreme sensitivity to minor damage to the egg membranes and the high turgor of the egg cell. Although nuclear transplantations in other animals have been fruitful2, two earlier attempts with Drosophila3,4 yielded a few differentiated larvae, but no adults. This was probably because injected eggs usually develop abnormalities which lead to early death of the embryo. We have tried to bypass this difficulty by culturing early embryonic stages in adult females and then causing them to metamorphose, a procedure developed independently by Hadorn et al.5 and Gateff and Schneiderman6. This made it possible to assess the developmental capacities of embryos from nuclear transplantations which underwent a great deal of development but would never have hatched.
TL;DR: It is indicated that agglutinating activity is due to a heterogeneous group of high molecular weight molecules with two activity peaks exhibiting sedimentation coefficients centering ∼18.5 S and ∼31.0 S.
TL;DR: The results suggest the existence of limited capacity binding sites for progesterone in the mesencephalon and diencephalon as well as the pituitary.
TL;DR: A new mutant, lethal (2) giant discs of Drosophila melanogaster are given, in which the imaginal discs grow to far beyond their normal size during an extended larval period, and characteristic defects in the adult structures produced in these animals are identified.
TL;DR: It appears that the hippocampus shares arousal control functions with frontal cortex, that it is partially responsible for the recovery that has been reported to occur after frontal lesions, but does not itself recover after damage.
TL;DR: Mice that were deprived of rapid eye movement sleep for 2 days immediately after one-trial training in an inhibitory avoidance task and were given an electroconvulsive shock after deprivation displayed retrograde amnesia on a retention test given 24 hours later.
Abstract: Mice that were deprived of rapid eye movement sleep for 2 days immediately after one-trial training in an inhibitory avoidance task and were given an electroconvulsive shock after deprivation displayed retrograde amnesia on a retention test given 24 hours later. Electroconvulsive shock produced no amnesia in comparable groups of animals that were not deprived of rapid eye movement sleep.
TL;DR: It was concluded that males and neonatally androgenized females are less responsive to estrogen in adulthood than are females and Neonatally castrated males.
TL;DR: Triton X-100 treatment of synaptic plasma membrane fractions selectively dissociates membrane constituents and the synaptic complex retains its selective affinity for phosphotungstic acid and can therefore be unambiguously identified in the Triton-insoluble residue.
TL;DR: The results are interpreted as indicating induction of central adrenergic activity in response to central cholinergic stimulation inresponse to central Cholinomimetic stimulation.
Abstract: The effect of the cholinomimetic, pilocarpine, on behavioral arousal as measured by locomotor activity was investigated in the rat. Pilocarpine first produced a period of behavioral inhibition, the intensity and duration of which was dose-related. After the inhibitory phase, a period of marked psychomotor excitation was observed. Pretreatment with scopolamine prevented both the inhibitory and excitatory effects of pilocarpine. Scopolamine administered at the onset of the rebound hyperactive period, however, significantly potentiated this excitatory phase. The anticholinesterase, physostigmine, also had a biphasic effect on behavioral arousal. The results are interpreted as indicating induction of central adrenergic activity in response to central cholinergic stimulation.
TL;DR: Smoking nonnicotine cigarettes increased the carboxyhemoglobin level, decreasing the rate of oxygen deliverability to the myocardium, with angina developing sooner, following less cardiac work, compared to the nonsmoking state.
Abstract: The effects of increased carboxyhemoglobin levels caused by smoking nonnicotine cigarettes upon exercise-induced angina were investigated in 10 patients. The mean carboxyhemoglobin level after smoking eight nonnicotine cigarettes, one every 30 minutes, rose from 1.58 to 7.79%. Smoking significantly decreased the mean exercise time from the onset of exercise until the onset of angina from 109.8 to 83.5 seconds. There was significantly less of an increase in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and product of systolic blood pressure times heart rate after exercise-induced angina after smoking compared to the nonsmoking state. Smoking nonnicotine cigarettes increased the carboxyhemoglobin level, decreasing the rate of oxygen deliverability to the myocardium, with angina developing sooner, following less cardiac work.
TL;DR: The effects of ABA and its interactions with GA3, kinetin or NAA are explained in terms of the roles these hormones may play in synthesis of nucleic acids and enzymes.
Abstract: Summary
Applications of ABA to Cymbidium flowers induce some, but not all, post-pollination symptoms. Anthocyanin levels in sepals, petals, columns and labella are raised; flowers wilt; dorsal sepals become hooded; calli develop colouration while losing turgidity; columns do not swell, lose very little curvature; and stigmas do not close. Combinations of ABA and NAA induce all post-pollination phenomena, but lower anthocyanin content than treatments with ABA only. ABA plus GA3 have effects which are similar to those of ABA alone, except that anthocyanin levels are reduced. The same is essentially true of ABA-kinetin mixtures but intensities of the effects are different and with some concentration ratios, stigmatic closure also occurs. The effects of ABA and its interactions with GA3, kinetin or NAA are explained in terms of the roles these hormones may play in synthesis of nucleic acids and enzymes.