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Institution

University of California, Irvine

EducationIrvine, California, United States
About: University of California, Irvine is a education organization based out in Irvine, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 47031 authors who have published 113602 publications receiving 5521832 citations. The organization is also known as: UC Irvine & UCI.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Poison control, Cancer, Gene


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The environmental obesogen hypothesis predicts that inappropriate receptor activation by organotins will lead directly to adipocyte differentiation and a predisposition to obesity and/or will sensitize exposed individuals to Obesity and related metabolic disorders under the influence of the typical high-calorie, high-fat Western diet.
Abstract: Over the last two decades, the incidence of obesity and associated metabolic syndrome diseases has risen dramatically, becoming a global health crisis Increased caloric intake and decreased physical activity are believed to represent the root causes of this dramatic rise However, recent findings highlight the possible involvement of environmental obesogens, xenobiotic chemicals that can disrupt the normal developmental and homeostatic controls over adipogenesis and energy balance Environmental estrogens, ie chemicals with estrogenic potential, have been reported to perturb adipogenic mechanisms using in vitro model systems, but other classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals are now coming under scrutiny as well Organotins represent one class of widespread persistent organic pollutants with potent endocrine-disrupting properties in both invertebrates and vertebrates New data identify tributyltin chloride and triphenyltin chloride as nanomolar agonist ligands for retinoid X receptor (RXR alpha, RXR beta, and RXR gamma) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, nuclear receptors that play pivotal roles in lipid homeostasis and adipogenesis The environmental obesogen hypothesis predicts that inappropriate receptor activation by organotins will lead directly to adipocyte differentiation and a predisposition to obesity and/or will sensitize exposed individuals to obesity and related metabolic disorders under the influence of the typical high-calorie, high-fat Western diet The linking of organotin exposure to adipocyte differentiation and obesity opens an important new area of research into potential environmental influences on human health and disease

712 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the development of generic user modeling systems over the past twenty years is given in this article, which describes their purposes, their services within user-adaptive systems, and the different design requirements for research prototypes and commercially deployed servers.
Abstract: The paper reviews the development of generic user modeling systems over the past twenty years. It describes their purposes, their services within user-adaptive systems, and the different design requirements for research prototypes and commercially deployed servers. It discusses the architectures that have been explored so far, namely shell systems that form part of the application, central server systems that communicate with several applications, and possible future user modeling agents that physically follow the user. Several implemented research prototypes and commercial systems are briefly described.

711 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A variety of isoforms of mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels have been described, and the alpha subunit isoforms have distinct patterns of development and localization in the nervous system, skeletal and cardiac muscle.
Abstract: A variety of isoforms of mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels have been described. Ten genes encoding sodium channel alpha subunits have been identified, and nine of those isoforms have been functionally expressed in exogenous systems. The alpha subunit is associated with accessory beta subunits in some tissues, and three genes encoding different beta subunits have been identified. The alpha subunit isoforms have distinct patterns of development and localization in the nervous system, skeletal and cardiac muscle. In addition, many of the isoforms demonstrate subtle differences in their functional properties. However, there are no clear subfamilies of the channels, unlike the situation with potassium and calcium channels. The subtle differences in the functional properties of the sodium channel isoforms result in unique conductances in specific cell types, which have important physiological effects for the organism. Small alterations in the electrophysiological properties of the channel resulting from mutations in specific isoforms cause human diseases such as periodic paralysis, long QT syndrome, and epilepsy.

711 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
08 May 1992-Science
TL;DR: Results indicate that the beta 1 subunit is crucial in the assembly, expression, and functional modulation of the heterotrimeric complex of the rat brain sodium channel.
Abstract: Voltage-sensitive sodium channels are responsible for the initiation and propagation of the action potential and therefore are important for neuronal excitability. Complementary DNA clones encoding the beta 1 subunit of the rat brain sodium channel were isolated by a combination of polymerase chain reaction and library screening techniques. The deduced primary structure indicates that the beta 1 subunit is a 22,851-dalton protein that contains a single putative transmembrane domain and four potential extracellular N-linked glycosylation sites, consistent with biochemical data. Northern blot analysis reveals a 1,400-nucleotide messenger RNA in rat brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and spinal cord. Coexpression of beta 1 subunits with alpha subunits increases the size of the peak sodium current, accelerates its inactivation, and shifts the voltage dependence of inactivation to more negative membrane potentials. These results indicate that the beta 1 subunit is crucial in the assembly, expression, and functional modulation of the heterotrimeric complex of the rat brain sodium channel.

711 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work reviews this extended family of chemokine receptors and Chemokine-binding proteins at the basic, translational, and clinical levels, including an update on drug development and introduces a new nomenclature for atypical chemokin receptors with the stem ACKR (atypicalChemokine receptor).
Abstract: Sixteen years ago, the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, the large family of leukocyte chemoattractant receptors that regulates immune system development and function, in large part by mediating leukocyte trafficking. This was announced in Pharmacological Reviews in a major overview of the first decade of research in this field [Murphy PM, Baggiolini M, Charo IF, Hebert CA, Horuk R, Matsushima K, Miller LH, Oppenheim JJ, and Power CA (2000) Pharmacol Rev 52:145–176]. Since then, several new receptors have been discovered, and major advances have been made for the others in many areas, including structural biology, signal transduction mechanisms, biology, and pharmacology. New and diverse roles have been identified in infection, immunity, inflammation, development, cancer, and other areas. The first two drugs acting at chemokine receptors have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), maraviroc targeting CCR5 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, and plerixafor targeting CXCR4 for stem cell mobilization for transplantation in cancer, and other candidates are now undergoing pivotal clinical trials for diverse disease indications. In addition, a subfamily of atypical chemokine receptors has emerged that may signal through arrestins instead of G proteins to act as chemokine scavengers, and many microbial and invertebrate G protein-coupled chemokine receptors and soluble chemokine-binding proteins have been described. Here, we review this extended family of chemokine receptors and chemokine-binding proteins at the basic, translational, and clinical levels, including an update on drug development. We also introduce a new nomenclature for atypical chemokine receptors with the stem ACKR (atypical chemokine receptor) approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology and the Human Genome Nomenclature Committee.

709 citations


Authors

Showing all 47751 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Daniel Levy212933194778
Rob Knight2011061253207
Lewis C. Cantley196748169037
Dennis W. Dickson1911243148488
Terrie E. Moffitt182594150609
Joseph Biederman1791012117440
John R. Yates1771036129029
John A. Rogers1771341127390
Avshalom Caspi170524113583
Yang Gao1682047146301
Carl W. Cotman165809105323
John H. Seinfeld165921114911
Gregg C. Fonarow1611676126516
Jerome I. Rotter1561071116296
David Cella1561258106402
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20242
2023252
20221,224
20216,518
20206,348
20195,610