Showing papers by "University of California, Santa Cruz published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this article, a formal model of electoral behavior is developed under the assumption that candidates have policy preferences as well as an interest in winning per se, and the model is shown to have an equilibrium in a k-issue space when there are two candidates.
Abstract: A formal model of electoral behavior is developed under the assumption that candidates have policy preferences as well as an interest in winning per se. This model is shown to have an equilibrium in a k-issue space when there are two candidates. The implications of this model are compared to the implications of the Downsian-type model where candidates are interested only in winning. Testable propositions are derived via the use of comparative statics. The results of recent studies are shown to coincide with the synthesis model but not the pure Downsian model.The theoretical model bridges the gap between formal theory and empirical research and unifies a variety of seemingly unrelated studies.
726 citations
01 Jan 1983
573 citations
TL;DR: This work has used a variety of techniques to determine the cellular and structural basis for certain of these end bud activities of mammary ductal morphogenesis and elongation in the immature mouse.
468 citations
TL;DR: The authors discusses ways in which children and adult learners manage to make the most of their limited processes in dealing with the complex input of a second language and discuss the implications of an information-processing perspective for second language pedagogy and research.
Abstract: It is a byword in contemporary cognitive psychology that humans are limited-capacity processors. This paper discusses ways in which children and adult learners manage to make the most of their limited processes in dealing with the complex input of a second language. An information-processing approach to second language learning is proposed and evidence in support of this approach is presented. We also discuss the implications of an information-processing perspective for second language pedagogy and research.
383 citations
TL;DR: This paper brings together widely scattered information on sexual reproduction in scleractinian corals and includes a review of information and ideas on sex determination, gametogenesis, gametic cycles, fertilization and embryonic development, spawning and planula release, larval behavior, settlement and metamorphosis.
Abstract: This paper brings together widely scattered information on sexual reproduction in scleractinian corals. It includes a review of information and ideas on sex determination, gametogenesis, gametogenic cycles, fertilization and embryonic development, spawning and planula release, larval behavior, settlement and metamorphosis. The review deals with corals from different habitats and organismic assemblages, including tropical reef corals, temperate water corals, solitary and colonial forms. A summary table of coral species and their known reproductive characteristics is presented.
381 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the results from a single vertical profile are compared to published results from the North Pacific and interpreted with respect to the hydrographie characteristics of both oceans, showing that the North Atlantic deep waters at depths of 1 to 3 km have average concentrations of Cd, Zn and Ni equal to 0.29, 1.5 and 5.7 nmol kg−1.
Abstract: The concentrations of Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd have been determined on surface and deep water samples from the western North Atlantic. The results from a single vertical profile are compared to published results from the North Pacific and interpreted with respect to the hydrographie characteristics of both oceans. Cd, Zn and Ni have nutrient-type distributions in both oceans. They are depleted in surface waters, increase rapidly across the thermocline, then increase or decrease only slightly with depth. The North Atlantic deep waters at depths of 1 to 3 km have average concentrations of Cd, Zn and Ni equal to 0.29, 1.5 and 5.7 nmol kg−1, respectively; values substantially lower than their corresponding values in the North Pacific at similar depths of 0.94, 8.2 and 10.4 nmol kg−1. Cu concentrations increase gradually with depth in both oceans, with a North Atlantic deep water (1 to 3 km) average value of 1.7 nmol kg−1 relative to 2.7 nmol kg−1 at similar depths in the North Pacific. Mn concentrations decrease with depth through the thermocline with deep North Atlantic values on the order of 0.6 nmol kg−1.
359 citations
TL;DR: The complete amino acid sequence of bovine rhodopsin has recently been obtained and this, combined with other information, leads to testable predictions of the basic structural features of vertebrate r Rhodopsin.
247 citations
TL;DR: In the Weddell Sea, the authors of as discussed by the authors demonstrated that the algae were concentrated by a physical mechanism and explained how such a process may accumulate planktonic forms in ice communities.
Abstract: In polar regions ice algal communities are not only conspicuous but may also be important production sites and sources of seed populations for pelagic communities1–3 Except for some studies near land-based stations1,4–7, there are few long-term observations of ice algal populations, and few studies have considered how they form and develop Most researchers suggest that ice algae are derived from sparse water column assemblages that become trapped during ice formation; ice algal populations then develop through in situ growth1 Some previous observations have suggested that ice crystals forming in the water column concentrate algal cells6–8 Dense algal populations in young sea ice may have been recognized as early as the mid-nineteenth century, since Hooker (cited by Alexander2) described discoloured brash and pancake ice (“ …a pale ochreous colour”) But until now, neither the mechanism for this harvesting nor the effects on the composition of the ice community has been clearly demonstrated In the Weddell Sea, we have sampled young sea ice discoloured by algae, and we present evidence that the algae were concentrated by a physical mechanism We explain how such a process may accumulate planktonic forms in ice communities
225 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the effects of such fluctuations coupled to deterministic chaotic systems, in particular, the metric entropy's response to the fluctuations, and find that the entropy increases with a power law in the noise level, and that the convergence of the entropy and the effect of fluctuations can be cast as a scaling theory.
219 citations
TL;DR: The ability of the rice coleoptile to grow in anoxia is apparently not due to a particularly low rate of ethanol formation or to unusual ethanol tolerance, but must encompass the much lower rate of ATP synthesis than that in air and account for the biochemical deficiencies of the coleOptile.
Abstract: The ability of rice, wheat, and oat seedlings to germinate and grow as the O2 concentration was lowered to zero was compared. The germination of rice was completely unaffected by O2 supply, whereas that of oats and wheat was strongly retarded at levels below 5% O2. In contrast to the coleoptiles of oats and wheat and to roots of all three species where growth was progressively diminished as the O2 concentration was lowered, that of the rice coleoptile was progressively increased. However, the dry weight and content of protein, sugars, and cellulose were all depressed in the rice coleoptile in anoxia, and the levels of several respiratory enzymes, particularly those of mitochondria, were also much lower than those of the coleoptiles grown in air. In 1% O2, the growth of the rice coleoptile was similar to that in air. The effect of ethanol concentration on germination and growth of rice was measured. Coleoptile growth was reduced when the ethanol concentration exceeded 40 millimolarity, and root growth was somewhat more sensitive. Coleoptiles of all three species grown in air were transferred to N2, and ethanol accumulation was measured over 24 hours. The rate of ethanol accumulation in oats was close to that in rice, and in all three species the amounts of ethanol lost to the surrounding medium were those expected from simple diffusion from the tissue. The ability of the rice coleoptile to grow in anoxia is apparently not due to a particularly low rate of ethanol formation or to unusual ethanol tolerance. Any explanation of the success of rice in anoxia must encompass the much lower rate of ATP synthesis than that in air and account for the biochemical deficiencies of the coleoptile.
215 citations
TL;DR: Identification of synthetic speech varying in both acoustic featural information and phonological context allowed quantitative tests of various models of how these two sources of information are evaluated and integrated in speech perception.
Abstract: Speech perception can be viewed in terms of the listener’s integration of two sources of information: the acoustic features transduced by the auditory receptor system and the context of the linguistic message. The present research asked how these sources were evaluated and integrated in the identification of synthetic speech. A speech continuum between the glide-vowel syllables /ri/ and /li/ was generated by varying the onset frequency of the third formant. Each sound along the continuum was placed in a consonant-cluster vowel syllable after an initial consonant /p/, /t/, /s/, and /v/. In English, both /r/ and /l/ are phonologically admissible following /p/ but are not admissible following /v/. Only /l/ is admissible following /s/ and only /r/ is admissible following /t/. A third experiment used synthetic consonant-cluster vowel syllables in which the first consonant varied between /b/ and /d and the second consonant varied between /l/ and /r/. Identification of synthetic speech varying in both acoustic featural information and phonological context allowed quantitative tests of various models of how these two sources of information are evaluated and integrated in speech perception.
TL;DR: Theoretical constraints and limits on the masses of Higgs scalars in the standard electroweak model, in electroweak models with additional Higgs doublets and in various supersymmetric models are presented in this paper.
TL;DR: The insensitivity of the luminance-color masking results to the relative phase of the chromatic and luminance gratings indicates that the observed asymmetry is not due to local interactions.
Abstract: Simultaneous masking using test and mask gratings composed of isochromatic luminance variations and isoluminant chromatic variations was studied. Masking of chromatic gratings by chromatic gratings shows less spatial-frequency specificity than does masking of luminance gratings by luminance gratings. Luminance gratings mask chromatic gratings of identical space-average luminance and chromaticity little and only when the spatial frequencies of the test and mask gratings are similar. Chromatic gratings, however, profoundly mask luminance gratings with a degree of spatial-frequency specificity akin to that of luminance-luminance masking. The insensitivity of the luminance-color masking results to the relative phase of the chromatic and luminance gratings indicates that the observed asymmetry is not due to local interactions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used ethnographic data on the Kekchi Maya to test these alternative explanations and reveal a complex relationship between social positions, wealth, and house size, suggesting that houses serve different symbolic functions in settlements with different kinds of economies.
01 Dec 1983
TL;DR: The abundance of choanoflagellates suggests that food chains based on bacterial production must be important, as well as the traditional diatom-krill-vertebrate food chain.
Abstract: We present some of the first records and quantitative data on protists from the ice-edge region of the Weddell Sea. Major groups were diatoms (33 species), dinoflagellates (4 species), prymnesiophytes (2 species), cryptomonads (2 species), prasinophytes (1 species), chrysophytes (3 species), and choanoflagellates (11 species). The prymnesiophyte, Phaeocystis pouchetii , diatoms (predominantly Nitzschia of the Fragilariopsis group), and choanogflagellates (Acanthoecidae) were numerically dominant, although other protists sometimes contributed significantly to plankton populations. Most groups were more abundant at the ice edge than under the pack ice or in the open water. The abundance of choanoflagellates suggests that food chains based on bacterial production must be important, as well as the traditional diatom-krill-vertebrate food chain.
TL;DR: It is argued in the present paper that more recent results taken as evidence against categorical perception are not unequivocally negative, and further tests between continuous and categorical views of speech perception are necessary.
TL;DR: Transmission and scanning electron microscopy indicate that bacterial populations are most abundant in the interior of fecal pellets obtained from the sea, but that the same pellets will acquire the surface bacterial lawn typically observed in laboratory studies if maintained aboard ship.
Abstract: The fecal pellets of zooplankton are thought to be major carriers of organic matter from surface to deeper waters of the oceans. As the pellets descend, they release soluble components, partially due to breakdown by associated microorganisms. Previous laboratory work of other investigators has suggested that the surface of a fecal pellet rapidly acquires bacteria, which increase in abundance until they and their protozoan consumers disrupt the pellet membrane, spilling contents into the water. In contrast, our field collections of fecal pellets from free-floating particle interceptor traps (from the “Vertex” project off Central California in 1980 and off Mexico in 1981), suggest that microbial decomposition probably is initiated in the sea from inside the fecal pellets. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy indicate that bacterial populations are most abundant in the interior of fecal pellets obtained from the sea, but that the same pellets will acquire the surface bacterial lawn typically observed in laboratory studies if maintained aboard ship. If the fecal pellets are decomposed from the inside, then the principal agents are enteric bacteria or ingested, digestion-resistant bacteria, or both. Such bacteria may differ metabolically from those that colonize the fecal pellet surfaces. Further-more, the abundance of healthy-appearing bacteria inside the pellets suggests that their metabolic activities may produce microhabitats of reduced oxygen tension that could differ considerably from that of the pellet exteriors. Decomposition in these semi-enclosed microenvironments may proceed in a manner not yet predicted by models that attribute decomposition to well-aerated, surface-dwelling bacterial populations on fecal pellets in the sea.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a social-psychological approach to the empirical study of sexual jealousy, after surveying the philosophical, sociological, anthropological, psychoanalytic, and nonscientific literature on the subject.
Abstract: The paper presents a social-psychological approach to the empirical study of sexual jealousy, after surveying the philosophical, sociological, anthropological, psychoanalytic, and nonscientific literature on the subject. The social-psychological approach focuses on the environmental and situational factors that cause people to act in a jealous manner.
One hundred and three men and women varying in age, length of relationship, and relationship style responded to a specially designed sexual jealousy inventory. Results indicated that jealousy is a negative physiological, emotional, and mental state, experienced at least at some point of their lives by all the subjects in the study. Numerous antecedents, correlates, and consequences of jealousy were investigated and discussed. Fifty-four percent of the subjects described themselves as “a jealous person” even when they had good situational reasons to feel less secure in the relationship and to experience jealousy, and even though this dispositional self-attribution has negative consequences for coping.
TL;DR: A transitive Anosov flow on a closed manifold M is one with the qualitative behavior of a geodesic flow on the surface of negative curvature, that is global hyperbelocity and dense periodic set.
TL;DR: This is the first example of nitrogen fixation associated with a bacteria-diatom symbiosis in the pelagic zone, and it indicates that these systems may contribute a significant amount of "new" nitrogen to oligotrophic waters.
Abstract: Nitrogen fixation, apparently by bacterial endosymbionts, is associated with intertwining chains of two species of the diatom Rhizosolenia. In situ fixation rates were enhanced by incubation in the dark, whereas concurrent shipboard experiments either underestimated or did not detect nitrogen fixation. This is the first example of nitrogen fixation associated with a bacteria-diatom symbiosis in the pelagic zone, and it indicates that these systems may contribute a significant amount of "new" nitrogen to oligotrophic waters.
TL;DR: In each tissue the activity of PPi:fructose 6‐phosphate phosphotransferase was greater than phosphofructokinase and substantial compared with fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase and the role of this latter enzyme in vivo is discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the levels of nitrite typically found in natural waters (<3 μM) can interfere significantly in the determination of selenium species by hydride generation.
University of California, Berkeley1, Stanford University2, Vanderbilt University3, Harvard University4, University of Arizona5, CERN6, California Institute of Technology7, University of California, Santa Cruz8, University of Chicago9, Université Paris-Saclay10, University of Massachusetts Amherst11, Argonne National Laboratory12
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of ψ(3097) and ψ′(3686) branching fractions for selected hadronic decays are presented, and it is shown that the ratio of branching fractions to lepton pairs for the decays to pπ and K*K for which this ratio is substantially smaller.
Abstract: Measurements of ψ(3097) and ψ′(3686) branching fractions for selected hadronic decays are presented The ratio of ψ′ to ψ branching fractions for these decays is consistent with the ratio of branching fractions to lepton pairs, with the exception of the decays to pπ and K*K for which this ratio is substantially smaller © 1983 The American Physical Society
TL;DR: The overall levels of damage to eucalypts were higher than chronic damage levels reported for north temperate communities and a simple method for rapidly estimating the proportion of leaf area missing from trees is suggested.
Abstract: High levels of insect damage on Eucalyptus have been noted but not quantified in previous literature. We present estimates of leaf damage for 44 Eucalyptus species from a variety of habitats. Overall, an average of 15% of expanded leaf area was missing. While some species were generally lightly grazed, others, especially those in more mesic. higher altitude communities, usually sustained much heavier leaf damage. In the age and size classes, communities and years that we sampled, the overall levels of damage to eucalypts were higher than chronic damage levels reported for north temperate communities. We also suggest a simple method for rapidly estimating the proportion of leaf area missing from trees.
TL;DR: In this paper, the determinants of Toeplitz and Wiener-Hopf operators with piecewise continuous symbols were obtained for the case of Wα(σ) and Wα (σ) is the WienerHopf operator defined on L2(0, α) with piece-wise continuous symbol σ having a finite number of discontinuities at ξr.
TL;DR: Adults who were initially less sensitive to a diagonal, 10 c/deg sinusoidal grating, practiced detecting it for 3000 yes-no signal detection trials and most were as sensitive to the diagonal as to cardinal (horizontal or vertical) orientations.