Institution
University of Cologne
Education•Cologne, Germany•
About: University of Cologne is a education organization based out in Cologne, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 32050 authors who have published 66350 publications receiving 2210092 citations. The organization is also known as: Universität zu Köln & Universitatis Coloniensis.
Topics: Population, Transplantation, Gene, Star formation, Cancer
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Two channelrhodopsins, Chronos and Chrimson, are described, discovered through sequencing and physiological characterization of opsins from over 100 species of alga, that enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
Abstract: Optogenetic tools enable examination of how specific cell types contribute to brain circuit functions. A long-standing question is whether it is possible to independently activate two distinct neural populations in mammalian brain tissue. Such a capability would enable the study of how different synapses or pathways interact to encode information in the brain. Here we describe two channelrhodopsins, Chronos and Chrimson, discovered through sequencing and physiological characterization of opsins from over 100 species of alga. Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins and can enable experiments in which red light is preferred. We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster. Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive. Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.
1,701 citations
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TL;DR: Exome and genome sequences and whole-genome sequence analysis revealed frequent structural rearrangements, including in-frame exonic alterations within EGFR and SIK2 kinases, which are attractive targets for biological characterization and therapeutic targeting of lung adenocarcinoma.
1,631 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison was made between four low-temperature properties of LaCu2Si2 and CeCu2 Si2 and it was shown that superconductivity can exist in a metal in which many-body interactions, probably magnetic in origin, have strongly renormalized the properties of the conduction-elec-tron gas.
Abstract: A comparison was made between four low-temperature properties of LaCu2Si2and CeCu2Si2. Whereas LaCu2Si2behaves like a normal metal, CeCu2Si2shows (i) low-temperature anomalies typical of “unstable 4f shell” behavior and (ii) a transition into a superconducting state atT c ≃ 0.5 K. Our experiments demonstrate for the first time that superconductivity can exist in a metal in which many-body interactions, probably magnetic in origin, have strongly renormalized the properties of the conduction-elec-tron gas.
1,626 citations
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TL;DR: The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.
Abstract: Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1,2,3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18.
1,600 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional cellular automaton model is proposed to simulate pedestrian tra c c. It is a vmax = 1 model with exclusion statistics and parallel dynamics, and long-range interactions between the pedestrians are mediated by a so-called "oor #eld which modi4es the transition rates to neighbouring cells.
Abstract: We propose a two-dimensional cellular automaton model to simulate pedestrian tra.c. It is a vmax = 1 model with exclusion statistics and parallel dynamics. Long-range interactions between the pedestrians are mediated by a so-called "oor #eld which modi4es the transition rates to neighbouring cells. This 4eld, which can be discrete or continuous, is subject to di7usion and decay. Furthermore it can be modi4ed by the motion ofthe pedestrians. Theref ore, the model uses an idea similar to chemotaxis, but with pedestrians following a virtual rather than a chemical trace. Our main goal is to show that the introduction ofsuch a :oor 4eld is su.cient to model collective e7ects and self-organization encountered in pedestrian dynamics, e.g. lane formation in counter:ow through a large corridor. As an application we also present simulations ofthe evacuation ofa large room with reduced visibility, e.g. due to f ailure oflights or smoke. c 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
1,588 citations
Authors
Showing all 32558 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Julie E. Buring | 186 | 950 | 132967 |
Stuart H. Orkin | 186 | 715 | 112182 |
Cornelia M. van Duijn | 183 | 1030 | 146009 |
Dorret I. Boomsma | 176 | 1507 | 136353 |
Frederick W. Alt | 171 | 577 | 95573 |
Donald E. Ingber | 164 | 610 | 100682 |
Klaus Müllen | 164 | 2125 | 140748 |
Klaus Rajewsky | 154 | 504 | 88793 |
Frederik Barkhof | 154 | 1449 | 104982 |
Stefanie Dimmeler | 147 | 574 | 81658 |
Detlef Weigel | 142 | 516 | 84670 |
Hidde L. Ploegh | 135 | 674 | 67437 |
Luca Valenziano | 130 | 437 | 94728 |
Peter Walter | 126 | 841 | 71580 |
Peter G. Martin | 125 | 553 | 97257 |