Institution
University of Cologne
Education•Cologne, Germany•
About: University of Cologne is a education organization based out in Cologne, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 32050 authors who have published 66350 publications receiving 2210092 citations. The organization is also known as: Universität zu Köln & Universitatis Coloniensis.
Topics: Population, Transplantation, Gene, Star formation, Cancer
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Analysis of brain/neuron-specific insulin receptor knockout mice finds that NIRKO mice exhibit a complete loss of insulin-mediated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, which may lead to changes in Akt and GSK3β activity and Tau hyperphosphorylation.
Abstract: Impairment of insulin signaling in the brain has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. To test the hypothesis that neuronal insulin resistance contributes to defects in neuronal function, we have performed a detailed analysis of brain/neuron-specific insulin receptor knockout (NIRKO) mice. We find that NIRKO mice exhibit a complete loss of insulin-mediated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. In intact animals, this loss results in markedly reduced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β, leading to substantially increased phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau, a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, these animals exhibit no alteration in neuronal proliferation/survival, memory, or basal brain glucose metabolism. Thus, lack of insulin signaling in the brain may lead to changes in Akt and GSK3β activity and Tau hyperphosphorylation but must interact with other mechanisms for development of Alzheimer's disease.
581 citations
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Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center1, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center2, University of Manchester3, Case Western Reserve University4, University of Cologne5, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center6, Vanderbilt University Medical Center7, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center8, Huntsman Cancer Institute9, Stanford University10, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory11
TL;DR: This Opinion, written by many leading experts in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) research, proposes a new model of SCLC subtypes defined by differential expression of four key transcription regulators that should help to focus and accelerate therapeutic research.
Abstract: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an exceptionally lethal malignancy for which more effective therapies are urgently needed Several lines of evidence, from SCLC primary human tumours, patient-derived xenografts, cancer cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models, appear to be converging on a new model of SCLC subtypes defined by differential expression of four key transcription regulators: achaete-scute homologue 1 (ASCL1; also known as ASH1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NeuroD1), yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3) In this Perspectives article, we review and synthesize these recent lines of evidence and propose a working nomenclature for SCLC subtypes defined by relative expression of these four factors Defining the unique therapeutic vulnerabilities of these subtypes of SCLC should help to focus and accelerate therapeutic research, leading to rationally targeted approaches that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with this disease
576 citations
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TL;DR: Nitrogen stress-induced LB production in C. reinhardtii has the hallmarks of a discrete pathway that should be amenable to additional genetic and culture condition manipulation.
Abstract: When the unicellular green soil alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is deprived of nitrogen after entering stationary phase in liquid culture, the cells produce abundant cytoplasmic lipid bodies (LBs), as well as abundant starch, via a pathway that accompanies a regulated autophagy program After 48 h of N starvation in the presence of acetate, the wild-type LB content has increased 15-fold When starch biosynthesis is blocked in the sta6 mutant, the LB content increases 30-fold, demonstrating that genetic manipulation can enhance LB production The use of cell wall-less strains permitted development of a rapid “popped-cell” microscopic assay to quantitate the LB content per cell and permitted gentle cell breakage and LB isolation The highly purified LBs contain 90% triacylglycerol (TAG) and 10% free fatty acids (FFA) The fatty acids associated with the TAGs are ∼50% saturated (C16 and C18) fatty acids and ∼50% unsaturated fatty acids, half of which are in the form of oleic acid (C18:1) The FFA are ∼50% C16 and ∼50% C18 The LB-derived TAG yield from a liter of sta6 cells at 107 cells/ml after starvation for 48 h is calculated to approach 400 mg The LB fraction also contains low levels of charged glycerolipids, with the same profile as whole-cell charged glycerolipids, that presumably form LB membranes; chloroplast-specific neutral glycerolipids (galactolipids) are absent Very low levels of protein are also present, but all matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-identified species are apparent contaminants Nitrogen stress-induced LB production in C reinhardtii has the hallmarks of a discrete pathway that should be amenable to additional genetic and culture condition manipulation
572 citations
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TL;DR: It is estimated that Na2 IrO3 is deep in a magnetically ordered regime, while Li2IrO3 appears to be close to a spin-liquid regime.
Abstract: Combining thermodynamic measurements with theoretical calculations we demonstrate that the iridates ${A}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$ ($A=\mathrm{Na}$, Li) are magnetically ordered Mott insulators where the magnetism of the effective spin-orbital $S=1/2$ moments can be captured by a Heisenberg-Kitaev (HK) model with interactions beyond nearest-neighbor exchange. Experimentally, we observe an increase of the Curie-Weiss temperature from $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}125\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$ for ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$ to $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}33\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$ for ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$, while the ordering temperature remains roughly the same ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\approx}15\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$. Using functional renormalization group calculations we show that this evolution of $\ensuremath{\theta}$ and ${T}_{N}$ as well as the low temperature zigzag magnetic order can be captured within this extended HK model. We estimate that ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$ is deep in a magnetically ordered regime, while ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$ appears to be close to a spin-liquid regime.
572 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Hf-W systematics of meteoritic and planetary samples to provide firm constraints on the chronology of the accretion and earliest evolution of asteroids and terrestrial planets and lead to the following succession and duration of events in the earliest solar system.
572 citations
Authors
Showing all 32558 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Julie E. Buring | 186 | 950 | 132967 |
Stuart H. Orkin | 186 | 715 | 112182 |
Cornelia M. van Duijn | 183 | 1030 | 146009 |
Dorret I. Boomsma | 176 | 1507 | 136353 |
Frederick W. Alt | 171 | 577 | 95573 |
Donald E. Ingber | 164 | 610 | 100682 |
Klaus Müllen | 164 | 2125 | 140748 |
Klaus Rajewsky | 154 | 504 | 88793 |
Frederik Barkhof | 154 | 1449 | 104982 |
Stefanie Dimmeler | 147 | 574 | 81658 |
Detlef Weigel | 142 | 516 | 84670 |
Hidde L. Ploegh | 135 | 674 | 67437 |
Luca Valenziano | 130 | 437 | 94728 |
Peter Walter | 126 | 841 | 71580 |
Peter G. Martin | 125 | 553 | 97257 |