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Institution

University of Cologne

EducationCologne, Germany
About: University of Cologne is a education organization based out in Cologne, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 32050 authors who have published 66350 publications receiving 2210092 citations. The organization is also known as: Universität zu Köln & Universitatis Coloniensis.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A recently introduced cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics is extended by a friction parameter mu, which controls the probability that the movement of all particles involved in a conflict is denied at one time step.
Abstract: We investigate the role of conflicts in pedestrian traffic, i.e., situations where two or more people try to enter the same space. Therefore a recently introduced cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics is extended by a friction parameter mu. This parameter controls the probability that the movement of all particles involved in a conflict is denied at one time step. It is shown that these conflicts are not an undesirable artifact of the parallel update scheme, but are important for a correct description of the dynamics. The friction parameter mu can be interpreted as a kind of an internal local pressure between the pedestrians which becomes important in regions of high density, occurring, e.g., in panic situations. We present simulations of the evacuation of a large room with one door. It is found that friction has not only quantitative effects, but can also lead to qualitative changes, e.g., of the dependence of the evacuation time on the system parameters. We also observe similarities to the flow of granular materials, e.g., arching effects.

472 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears as if p53 is multitasking in providing protection from cancer development by maintaining genome stability by overseeing the activity of various DNA-repair systems.
Abstract: The cells in the human body are continuously challenged by a variety of genotoxic attacks. Erroneous repair of the DNA can lead to mutations and chromosomal aberrations that can alter the functions of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, thus causing cancer development. As a central tumor suppressor, p53 guards the genome by orchestrating a variety of DNA-damage-response (DDR) mechanisms. Already early in metazoan evolution, p53 started controlling the apoptotic demise of genomically compromised cells. p53 plays a prominent role as a facilitator of DNA repair by halting the cell cycle to allow time for the repair machineries to restore genome stability. In addition, p53 took on diverse roles to also directly impact the activity of various DNA-repair systems. It thus appears as if p53 is multitasking in providing protection from cancer development by maintaining genome stability.

472 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: No overall beneficial effect of corticosteroids in patients with sepsis or septic shock was observed; however, there is some evidence for a positive effect in Patients with Gram-negative septicemia.
Abstract: Objective The use of corticosteroids in patients with sepsis or septic shock has been controversial for many decades. Clinical studies have reported beneficial, as well as negative results. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the clinical evidence and to evaluate treatment effects in specific sub

471 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that relationships between soil food web structure and carbon cycling in soils need to be reconsidered and the efficiency of nutrient cycling and carbon uptake can increase by a shift in fungal composition and/or fungal activity during nature restoration.
Abstract: Soil organisms have an important role in aboveground community dynamics and ecosystem functioning in terrestrial ecosystems. However, most studies have considered soil biota as a black box or focussed on specific groups, whereas little is known about entire soil networks. Here we show that during the course of nature restoration on abandoned arable land a compositional shift in soil biota, preceded by tightening of the belowground networks, corresponds with enhanced efficiency of carbon uptake. In mid- and long-term abandoned field soil, carbon uptake by fungi increases without an increase in fungal biomass or shift in bacterial-to-fungal ratio. The implication of our findings is that during nature restoration the efficiency of nutrient cycling and carbon uptake can increase by a shift in fungal composition and/or fungal activity. Therefore, we propose that relationships between soil food web structure and carbon cycling in soils need to be reconsidered.

471 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The PRS stratifies breast cancer risk in women both with and without a family history of breast cancer, and the observed level of risk discrimination could inform targeted screening and prevention strategies.
Abstract: Background: Data for multiple common susceptibility alleles for breast cancer may be combined to identify women at different levels of breast cancer risk. Such stratification could guide preventive and screening strategies. However, empirical evidence for genetic risk stratification is lacking. Methods: We investigated the value of using 77 breast cancer-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for risk stratification, in a study of 33 673 breast cancer cases and 33 381 control women of European origin. We tested all possible pair-wise multiplicative interactions and constructed a 77-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer overall and by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Absolute risks of breast cancer by PRS were derived from relative risk estimates and UK incidence and mortality rates. Results: There was no strong evidence for departure from a multiplicative model for any SNP pair. Women in the highest 1% of the PRS had a three-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer compared with women in the middle quintile (odds ratio [OR] = 3.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.95 to 3.83). The ORs for ER-positive and ER-negative disease were 3.73 (95% CI = 3.24 to 4.30) and 2.80 (95% CI = 2.26 to 3.46), respectively. Lifetime risk of breast cancer for women in the lowest and highest quintiles of the PRS were 5.2% and 16.6% for a woman without family history, and 8.6% and 24.4% for a woman with a first-degree family history of breast cancer. Conclusions: The PRS stratifies breast cancer risk in women both with and without a family history of breast cancer. The observed level of risk discrimination could inform targeted screening and prevention strategies. Further discrimination may be achievable through combining the PRS with lifestyle/environmental factors, although these were not considered in this report.

471 citations


Authors

Showing all 32558 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Julie E. Buring186950132967
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Cornelia M. van Duijn1831030146009
Dorret I. Boomsma1761507136353
Frederick W. Alt17157795573
Donald E. Ingber164610100682
Klaus Müllen1642125140748
Klaus Rajewsky15450488793
Frederik Barkhof1541449104982
Stefanie Dimmeler14757481658
Detlef Weigel14251684670
Hidde L. Ploegh13567467437
Luca Valenziano13043794728
Peter Walter12684171580
Peter G. Martin12555397257
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023324
2022634
20214,225
20204,051
20193,526
20183,078