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University of Colorado Boulder
Education•Boulder, Colorado, United States•
About: University of Colorado Boulder is a education organization based out in Boulder, Colorado, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 48794 authors who have published 115151 publications receiving 5387328 citations. The organization is also known as: CU Boulder & UCB.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Poison control, Solar wind, Stars
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TL;DR: Dog ownership significantly increased the shared skin microbiota in cohabiting adults, and dog-owning adults shared more ‘skin’ microbiota with their own dogs than with other dogs, suggesting that direct and frequent contact with the authors' cohabitants may significantly shape the composition of their microbial communities.
Abstract: The human body is home to many different microorganisms, with a range of bacteria, fungi and archaea living on the skin, in the intestine and at various other sites in the body. While many of these microorganisms are beneficial to their human hosts, we know very little about most of them. Early research focused primarily on comparing the microorganisms found in healthy individuals with those found in individuals suffering from a particular illness. More recently researchers have become interested in more general issues, such as understanding how these collections of microorganisms, which are also known as the human microbiota or the human microbiome, become established, and exploring the causes of similarities and differences between the microbiota of individuals. We now know that the communities of microorganisms found in the intestines of genetically related people tend to be more similar than those of people who are not related. Moreover, the communities of microorganisms found in the intestines of non-related adults living in the same household are more similar than those of unrelated adults living in different households. We also know that the range of microorganisms found in the intestine changes dramatically between birth and the age of 3 years. However, these studies have focused on the intestine, and little is known about the effect of relatedness, cohabitation and age on the microbiota at other body sites. Song et al. compared the microorganisms found on the skin, on the tongue and in the intestines of 159 people—and 36 dogs—in 60 families. They found that co-habitation resulted in the communities of microorganisms being more similar to each other, with those on the skin being the most similar. This was true for all comparisons, including human pairs, dog pairs and human–dog pairs. This suggests that humans probably acquire many of the microorganisms on their skin through direct contact with their surroundings, and that humans tend to share more microbes with individuals, including their pets, with which they are in frequent contact. Song et al. also discovered that, unlike what happens in the intestine, the microbial communities on the skin and tongue of infants and children were relatively similar to those of adults. Overall, these findings suggest that the communities of microorganisms found in the intestine changes with age in a way that differs significantly from those found on the skin and tongue.
842 citations
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TL;DR: The authors report 4 studies that examine the dynamic relationship between these two dimensions, experimentally manipulating the location of a target of judgment on one and examining the consequences for the other, suggesting a negative dynamic relationship.
Abstract: In seems there are two dimensions that underlie most judgments of traits, people, groups, and cultures. Although the definitions vary, the first makes reference to attributes such as competence, agency, and individualism, and the second to warmth, communality, and collectivism. But the relationship between the two dimensions seems unclear. In trait and person judgment, they are often positively related; in group and cultural stereotypes, they are often negatively related. The authors report 4 studies that examine the dynamic relationship between these two dimensions, experimentally manipulating the location of a target of judgment on one and examining the consequences for the other. In general, the authors' data suggest a negative dynamic relationship between the two, moderated by factors the impact of which they explore.
841 citations
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Northern Arizona University1, United States Geological Survey2, Loughborough University3, University of Washington4, University of Colorado Boulder5, University of Oregon6, University of New Brunswick7, Bates College8, Geological Survey of Canada9, Norwegian University of Science and Technology10, University of Cincinnati11, University of Ottawa12, University of Iceland13, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign14, University of Edinburgh15, University of Denver16, University of California, Los Angeles17, University of South Carolina18, National Center for Atmospheric Research19, California State University, Long Beach20, Queen's University21, Wilfrid Laurier University22
TL;DR: In this paper, a spatio-temporal pattern of peak Holocene warmth (Holocene thermal maximum, HTM) is traced over 140 sites across the Western Hemisphere of the Arctic (0−180°W; north of ∼60°N).
838 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the basic concepts of atomic layer growth using molecular precursors and binary reaction sequence chemistry are reviewed and the characteristics of film deposition using ALP are explored using recent examples for Al2O3 ALP.
Abstract: Atomic layer controlled film growth is an important technological and scientific goal that is closely tied to many issues in surface chemistry. This article first reviews the basic concepts of atomic layer growth using molecular precursors and binary reaction sequence chemistry. Many examples are given for the various films that have been grown using this atomic layer growth technique. The paradigms for atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and atomic layer processing (ALP) are then discussed in terms of self-limiting surface reactions. Recent investigations of the surface chemistry of SiO2 and Al2O3 ALP and GaAs ALE are examined and used to illustrate the possible mechanisms of atomic layer growth. Subsequently, the characteristics of film deposition using atomic layer growth techniques are explored using recent examples for Al2O3 ALP. The structure of the deposited films is also reviewed using results from previous Al2O3 deposition investigations. This article then concludes by discussing possible complications to...
836 citations
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TL;DR: A meta-analysis of the relationship of financial literacy and of financial education to financial behaviors in 168 papers covering 201 prior studies finds that interventions to improve financial literacy explain only 0.1% of the variance in financial behaviors studied, with weaker effects in low-income samples.
Abstract: Policy makers have embraced financial education as a necessary antidote to the increasing complexity of consumers’ financial decisions over the last generation. We conduct a meta-analysis of the relationship of financial literacy and of financial education to financial behaviors in 168 papers covering 201 prior studies. We find that interventions to improve financial literacy explain only 0.1% of the variance in financial behaviors studied, with weaker effects in low-income samples. Like other education, financial education decays over time; even large interventions with many hours of instruction have negligible effects on behavior 20 months or more from the time of intervention. Correlational studies that measure financial literacy find stronger associations with financial behaviors. We conduct three empirical studies and we find that the partial effects of financial literacy diminish dramatically when one controls for psychological traits that have been omitted in prior research or when one uses an instrument for financial literacy to control for omitted variables. Financial education as studied to date has serious limitations that have been masked by the apparently larger effects in correlational studies. We envisage a reduced role for financial education that is not elaborated or acted upon soon afterward. We suggest a real but narrower role for “just in time” financial education tied to specific behaviors it intends to help. We conclude with a discussion of the characteristics of behaviors that might affect the policy maker’s mix of financial education, choice architecture, and regulation as tools to help consumer financial behavior.
835 citations
Authors
Showing all 49233 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Yi Chen | 217 | 4342 | 293080 |
Robert J. Lefkowitz | 214 | 860 | 147995 |
Rob Knight | 201 | 1061 | 253207 |
Charles A. Dinarello | 190 | 1058 | 139668 |
Jie Zhang | 178 | 4857 | 221720 |
David Haussler | 172 | 488 | 224960 |
Bradley Cox | 169 | 2150 | 156200 |
Gang Chen | 167 | 3372 | 149819 |
Rodney S. Ruoff | 164 | 666 | 194902 |
Menachem Elimelech | 157 | 547 | 95285 |
Jay Hauser | 155 | 2145 | 132683 |
Robert E. W. Hancock | 152 | 775 | 88481 |
Robert Plomin | 151 | 1104 | 88588 |
Thomas E. Starzl | 150 | 1625 | 91704 |
Rajesh Kumar | 149 | 4439 | 140830 |