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Institution

University of Colorado Boulder

EducationBoulder, Colorado, United States
About: University of Colorado Boulder is a education organization based out in Boulder, Colorado, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 48794 authors who have published 115151 publications receiving 5387328 citations. The organization is also known as: CU Boulder & UCB.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Poison control, Solar wind, Stars


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a decision-making in regard to elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) requires careful assessment of factors that influence rupture risk, operative mortality, and life expectancy.

769 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a mechanism by which supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can form directly in the nuclei of protogalaxies, without the need for'seed' black holes left over from early star formation.
Abstract: We describe a mechanism by which supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can form directly in the nuclei of protogalaxies, without the need for 'seed' black holes left over from early star formation. Self-gravitating gas in dark matter haloes can lose angular momentum rapidly via runaway, global dynamical instabilities, the so-called 'bars within bars' mechanism. This leads to the rapid build-up of a dense, self-gravitating core supported by gas pressure - surrounded by a radiation pressure-dominated envelope - which gradually contracts and is compressed further by subsequent infall. We show that these conditions lead to such high temperatures in the central region that the gas cools catastrophically by thermal neutrino emission, leading to the formation and rapid growth of a central black hole. We estimate the initial mass and growth rate of the black hole for typical conditions in metal-free haloes with T vir ∼ 10 4 K, which are the most likely to be susceptible to runaway infall. The initial black hole should have a mass of?20 M ⊙ , but in principle could grow at a super-Eddington rate until it reaches ∼10 4 10 6 M ⊙ . Rapid growth may be limited by feedback from the accretion process and/or disruption of the mass supply by star formation or halo mergers. Even if super-Eddington growth stops at ∼10 3 -10 4 M ⊙ , this process would give black holes ample time to attain quasar-size masses by a redshift of 6, and could also provide the seeds for all SMBHs seen in the present Universe.

767 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Jan 2012-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: This paper describes the evolution and development of Darwin Core, a data standard for publishing and integrating biodiversity information, focusing on the categories of terms that define the standard, differences between simple and relational DarwinCore, how the standard has been implemented and the community processes that are essential for maintenance and growth of the standard.
Abstract: Biodiversity data derive from myriad sources stored in various formats on many distinct hardware and software platforms. An essential step towards understanding global patterns of biodiversity is to provide a standardized view of these heterogeneous data sources to improve interoperability. Fundamental to this advance are definitions of common terms. This paper describes the evolution and development of Darwin Core, a data standard for publishing and integrating biodiversity information. We focus on the categories of terms that define the standard, differences between simple and relational Darwin Core, how the standard has been implemented, and the community processes that are essential for maintenance and growth of the standard. We present case-study extensions of the Darwin Core into new research communities, including metagenomics and genetic resources. We close by showing how Darwin Core records are integrated to create new knowledge products documenting species distributions and changes due to environmental perturbations.

767 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new, experimentally based compilation of species-specific dose selection for studies on the in vivo effects of nicotine, addressing issues related to genetic background, age, acute vs chronic exposure, route of administration, and behavioral responses is provided.
Abstract: Rationale This review provides insight for the judicious selection of nicotine dose ranges and routes of administration for in vivo studies. The literature is replete with reports in which a dosaging regimen chosen for a specific nicotine-mediated response was suboptimal for the species used. In many cases, such discrepancies could be attributed to the complex variables comprising species-specific in vivo responses to acute or chronic nicotine exposure.

766 citations


Authors

Showing all 49233 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Chen2174342293080
Robert J. Lefkowitz214860147995
Rob Knight2011061253207
Charles A. Dinarello1901058139668
Jie Zhang1784857221720
David Haussler172488224960
Bradley Cox1692150156200
Gang Chen1673372149819
Rodney S. Ruoff164666194902
Menachem Elimelech15754795285
Jay Hauser1552145132683
Robert E. W. Hancock15277588481
Robert Plomin151110488588
Thomas E. Starzl150162591704
Rajesh Kumar1494439140830
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023164
2022779
20216,286
20206,493
20196,063
20185,522