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Institution

University of Colorado Boulder

EducationBoulder, Colorado, United States
About: University of Colorado Boulder is a education organization based out in Boulder, Colorado, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 48794 authors who have published 115151 publications receiving 5387328 citations. The organization is also known as: CU Boulder & UCB.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Poison control, Solar wind, Stars


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
19 Dec 2013-Nature
TL;DR: High-resolution electron observations obtained during the 9 October storm are reported and chorus scattering explains the temporal evolution of both the energy and angular distribution of the observed relativistic electron flux increase, and detailed modelling demonstrates the remarkable efficiency of wave acceleration in the Earth's outer radiation belt.
Abstract: Recent analysis of satellite data obtained during the 9 October 2012 geomagnetic storm identified the development of peaks in electron phase space density, which are compelling evidence for local electron acceleration in the heart of the outer radiation belt, but are inconsistent with acceleration by inward radial diffusive transport. However, the precise physical mechanism responsible for the acceleration on 9 October was not identified. Previous modelling has indicated that a magnetospheric electromagnetic emission known as chorus could be a potential candidate for local electron acceleration, but a definitive resolution of the importance of chorus for radiation-belt acceleration was not possible because of limitations in the energy range and resolution of previous electron observations and the lack of a dynamic global wave model. Here we report high-resolution electron observations obtained during the 9 October storm and demonstrate, using a two-dimensional simulation performed with a recently developed time-varying data-driven model, that chorus scattering explains the temporal evolution of both the energy and angular distribution of the observed relativistic electron flux increase. Our detailed modelling demonstrates the remarkable efficiency of wave acceleration in the Earth's outer radiation belt, and the results presented have potential application to Jupiter, Saturn and other magnetized astrophysical objects.

665 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The structure and functions of MCSs are described, primarily focusing on contacts of the ER with mitochondria and endosomes, as well as engaging in organelle biogenesis and dynamics.
Abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle in the cell, and its functions have been studied for decades. The past several years have provided novel insights into the existence of distinct domains between the ER and other organelles, known as membrane contact sites (MCSs). At these contact sites, organelle membranes are closely apposed and tethered, but do not fuse. Here, various protein complexes can work in concert to perform specialized functions such as binding, sensing and transferring molecules, as well as engaging in organelle biogenesis and dynamics. This Review describes the structure and functions of MCSs, primarily focusing on contacts of the ER with mitochondria and endosomes.

664 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Delphi technique has been used to identify and qualify potential expert panelists according to objective guidelines and select appropriate parameters of the study such as the number of panelists, number of rounds, type of feedback, and measure of consensus.
Abstract: Construction engineering and management CEM researchers often rely on alternative research techniques when traditional methods fail. For example, surveys, interviews, and group-brainstorming techniques may not be appropriate for research that involves confounding factors and requires access to sensitive data. In such an environment, the Delphi technique allows researchers to obtain highly reliable data from certified experts through the use of strategically designed surveys. At present, the Delphi method has not seen widespread use in CEM research. This is likely due to variation among studies that implement Delphi in CEM research and ambiguity in literature that provides guidance for the specific parameters associated with the method. Using the guidance in this paper, the reader may: 1 understand the merits, appropriate application, and appropriate procedure of the traditional Delphi process; 2 identify and qualify potential expert panelists according to objective guidelines; 3 select the appropriate parameters of the study such as the number of panelists, number of rounds, type of feedback, and measure of consensus; 4 identify potential biases that may negatively impact the quality of the results; and 5 appropriately structure the surveys and conduct the process in such a way that bias is minimized or eliminated.

664 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that sleep plays a key role in energy metabolism and increased food intake during insufficient sleep is a physiological adaptation to provide energy needed to sustain additional wakefulness; yet when food is easily accessible, intake surpasses that needed.
Abstract: Insufficient sleep is associated with obesity, yet little is known about how repeated nights of insufficient sleep influence energy expenditure and balance. We studied 16 adults in a 14- to 15-d-long inpatient study and quantified effects of 5 d of insufficient sleep, equivalent to a work week, on energy expenditure and energy intake compared with adequate sleep. We found that insufficient sleep increased total daily energy expenditure by ∼5%; however, energy intake—especially at night after dinner—was in excess of energy needed to maintain energy balance. Insufficient sleep led to 0.82 ± 0.47 kg (±SD) weight gain despite changes in hunger and satiety hormones ghrelin and leptin, and peptide YY, which signaled excess energy stores. Insufficient sleep delayed circadian melatonin phase and also led to an earlier circadian phase of wake time. Sex differences showed women, not men, maintained weight during adequate sleep, whereas insufficient sleep reduced dietary restraint and led to weight gain in women. Our findings suggest that increased food intake during insufficient sleep is a physiological adaptation to provide energy needed to sustain additional wakefulness; yet when food is easily accessible, intake surpasses that needed. We also found that transitioning from an insufficient to adequate/recovery sleep schedule decreased energy intake, especially of fats and carbohydrates, and led to −0.03 ± 0.50 kg weight loss. These findings provide evidence that sleep plays a key role in energy metabolism. Importantly, they demonstrate physiological and behavioral mechanisms by which insufficient sleep may contribute to overweight and obesity.

664 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS) as mentioned in this paper is a new instrument designed to measure student beliefs about physics and about learning physics and has been validated using interviews, reliability studies, and extensive statistical analyses of responses from over 5000 students.
Abstract: The Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS) is a new instrument designed to measure student beliefs about physics and about learning physics. This instrument extends previous work by probing additional aspects of student beliefs and by using wording suitable for students in a wide variety of physics courses. The CLASS has been validated using interviews, reliability studies, and extensive statistical analyses of responses from over 5000 students. In addition, a new methodology for determining useful and statistically robust categories of student beliefs has been developed. This paper serves as the foundation for an extensive study of how student beliefs impact and are impacted by their educational experiences. For example, this survey measures the following: that most teaching practices cause substantial drops in student scores; that a student's likelihood of becoming a physics major correlates with their ``Personal Interest'' score; and that, for a majority of student populations, women's scores in some categories, including ``Personal Interest'' and ``Real World Connections,'' are significantly different from men's scores.

664 citations


Authors

Showing all 49233 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Chen2174342293080
Robert J. Lefkowitz214860147995
Rob Knight2011061253207
Charles A. Dinarello1901058139668
Jie Zhang1784857221720
David Haussler172488224960
Bradley Cox1692150156200
Gang Chen1673372149819
Rodney S. Ruoff164666194902
Menachem Elimelech15754795285
Jay Hauser1552145132683
Robert E. W. Hancock15277588481
Robert Plomin151110488588
Thomas E. Starzl150162591704
Rajesh Kumar1494439140830
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023164
2022779
20216,286
20206,493
20196,063
20185,522