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Institution

University of Colorado Boulder

EducationBoulder, Colorado, United States
About: University of Colorado Boulder is a education organization based out in Boulder, Colorado, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 48794 authors who have published 115151 publications receiving 5387328 citations. The organization is also known as: CU Boulder & UCB.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Poison control, Solar wind, Stars


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The estimated US national MS prevalence for 2010 is the highest reported to date and provides evidence that the north-south gradient persists and has the potential to be used for other chronic neurologic conditions.
Abstract: Objective To generate a national multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence estimate for the United States by applying a validated algorithm to multiple administrative health claims (AHC) datasets. Methods A validated algorithm was applied to private, military, and public AHC datasets to identify adult cases of MS between 2008 and 2010. In each dataset, we determined the 3-year cumulative prevalence overall and stratified by age, sex, and census region. We applied insurance-specific and stratum-specific estimates to the 2010 US Census data and pooled the findings to calculate the 2010 prevalence of MS in the United States cumulated over 3 years. We also estimated the 2010 prevalence cumulated over 10 years using 2 models and extrapolated our estimate to 2017. Results The estimated 2010 prevalence of MS in the US adult population cumulated over 10 years was 309.2 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 308.1–310.1), representing 727,344 cases. During the same time period, the MS prevalence was 450.1 per 100,000 (95% CI 448.1–451.6) for women and 159.7 (95% CI 158.7–160.6) for men (female:male ratio 2.8). The estimated 2010 prevalence of MS was highest in the 55- to 64-year age group. A US north-south decreasing prevalence gradient was identified. The estimated MS prevalence is also presented for 2017. Conclusion The estimated US national MS prevalence for 2010 is the highest reported to date and provides evidence that the north-south gradient persists. Our rigorous algorithm-based approach to estimating prevalence is efficient and has the potential to be used for other chronic neurologic conditions.

642 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Shine and Dalgarno sequence of 124 known gene beginnings is characterized and this information is used to make "rules" which help distinguish gene beginning from other sites in a library of over 78,000 bases of mRNA.
Abstract: We characterize the Shine and Dalgarno sequence of 124 known gene beginnings. This information is used to make "rules" which help distinguish gene beginning from other sites in a library of over 78,000 bases of mRNA. Gene beginnings are found to have information besides the initiation codon and Shine and Dalgarno sequence which can be used to make better "rules".

641 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A severe test of their empirical prevalence using state-of-the-art statistical tools applied to nearly 1000 social, biological, technological, transportation, and information networks finds robust evidence that strongly scale-free structure is empirically rare, while for most networks, log-normal distributions fit the data as well or better than power laws.
Abstract: Real-world networks are often claimed to be scale free, meaning that the fraction of nodes with degree k follows a power law k−α, a pattern with broad implications for the structure and dynamics of complex systems. However, the universality of scale-free networks remains controversial. Here, we organize different definitions of scale-free networks and construct a severe test of their empirical prevalence using state-of-the-art statistical tools applied to nearly 1000 social, biological, technological, transportation, and information networks. Across these networks, we find robust evidence that strongly scale-free structure is empirically rare, while for most networks, log-normal distributions fit the data as well or better than power laws. Furthermore, social networks are at best weakly scale free, while a handful of technological and biological networks appear strongly scale free. These findings highlight the structural diversity of real-world networks and the need for new theoretical explanations of these non-scale-free patterns. Real-world networks are often said to be ”scale free”, meaning their degree distribution follows a power law. Broido and Clauset perform statistical tests of this claim using a large and diverse corpus of real-world networks, showing that scale-free structure is far from universal.

640 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
25 Apr 2018-Nature
TL;DR: Any application of an optical-frequency source could benefit from the high-precision optical synthesis presented here, and leveraging high-volume semiconductor processing built around advanced materials could allow such low-cost, low-power and compact integrated-photonics devices to be widely used.
Abstract: Optical-frequency synthesizers, which generate frequency-stable light from a single microwave-frequency reference, are revolutionizing ultrafast science and metrology, but their size, power requirement and cost need to be reduced if they are to be more widely used. Integrated-photonics microchips can be used in high-coherence applications, such as data transmission1, highly optimized physical sensors2 and harnessing quantum states3, to lower cost and increase efficiency and portability. Here we describe a method for synthesizing the absolute frequency of a lightwave signal, using integrated photonics to create a phase-coherent microwave-to-optical link. We use a heterogeneously integrated III–V/silicon tunable laser, which is guided by nonlinear frequency combs fabricated on separate silicon chips and pumped by off-chip lasers. The laser frequency output of our optical-frequency synthesizer can be programmed by a microwave clock across 4 terahertz near 1,550 nanometres (the telecommunications C-band) with 1 hertz resolution. Our measurements verify that the output of the synthesizer is exceptionally stable across this region (synthesis error of 7.7 × 10−15 or below). Any application of an optical-frequency source could benefit from the high-precision optical synthesis presented here. Leveraging high-volume semiconductor processing built around advanced materials could allow such low-cost, low-power and compact integrated-photonics devices to be widely used. An optical-frequency synthesizer based on stabilized frequency combs has been developed utilizing chip-scale devices as key components, in a move towards using integrated photonics technology for ultrafast science and metrology.

640 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The goal here is to seek evidence for common mechanisms among diverse organisms amenable to genetic analysis and oxidative damage is a candidate for such a public mechanism of ageing.
Abstract: Evolutionary theory predicts substantial interspecific and intraspecific differences in the proximal mechanisms of ageing. Our goal here is to seek evidence for common (‘public’) mechanisms among diverse organisms amenable to genetic analysis. Oxidative damage is a candidate for such a public mechanism of ageing. Long-lived strains are relatively resistant to different environmental stresses. The extent to which these stresses produce oxidative damage remains to be established.

640 citations


Authors

Showing all 49233 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Chen2174342293080
Robert J. Lefkowitz214860147995
Rob Knight2011061253207
Charles A. Dinarello1901058139668
Jie Zhang1784857221720
David Haussler172488224960
Bradley Cox1692150156200
Gang Chen1673372149819
Rodney S. Ruoff164666194902
Menachem Elimelech15754795285
Jay Hauser1552145132683
Robert E. W. Hancock15277588481
Robert Plomin151110488588
Thomas E. Starzl150162591704
Rajesh Kumar1494439140830
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023164
2022779
20216,286
20206,493
20196,063
20185,522