Showing papers by "University of Colorado Colorado Springs published in 1986"

Transaction card magnetic stripe emulator

Abstract: A device and method for transferring data from a microprocessor located in a transaction card through a card reader by emulating a prerecorded magnetic stripe on a conventional transaction car such as a credit or debit card. Data is sequentially produced by the microprocessor within the card and applied to a magnetic field generator which produces magnetic fields that emulate prerecorded data on a conventional magnetic stripe of a transaction card. This allows transfer of data from a microprocessor to standard card readers without the necessity of substantially modifying the card reader device. Circuitry is also provided for detecting the position and speed of movement of the card through the card reader to ensure that all of the data is transmitted from the microprocessor to the magnetic field generators within the scanning time of the card across read head of the card reader.

Questionnaire Response Bias and Face-to-Face Interview Sample Bias in Sexuality Research

Abstract: Response bias in self‐administered questionnaires (SAQs) and sample bias in face‐to‐face interviews (FTF) are examined. SAQ study results suggest (a) nonresponse bias is of chief concern in studies of masturbation, (b) partial responders fail to answer sexuality questions because they are uneasy making personal disclosures of sexual information, and (c) this latter threat varies inversely with sexual knowledge and experience indices. No significant order effects were found within SAQs, a result likely related to subjects' high educational levels. The FTF interview study showed (a) volunteers, relative to nonvolunteers, are more willing to disclose sexual information independent of overall self‐disclosure tendencies, (b) completing SAQs with sexuality items did not affect volunteering, (c) results from FTF interviews overestimate the breadth of sexual behaviors and knowledge, and (d) the FTF interview method may be less advantageous to use than SAQs. Data are also presented which support the reliability an...

Pathologic changes secondary to radiation.

Abstract: In order to be effective in the treatment of disease, especially neoplastic disease, radiation necessarily needs to be given in large doses. When treating tumors with high radiosensitivity in tissue of relatively low radiosensitivity, few complications of therapy occur. Frequently, however, the differential of sensitivity to radiation between the neoplasm and normal tissues exposed is small and the incidence of radiation injury to normal tissues becomes significant. Nowhere is this more apparent than in treatment of neoplasms during which the alimentary canal is heavily radiated. The following discussion will describe the pathologic changes that occur in the various units of the exposed alimentary tract and in various components of those units during and especially months or years after radiation therapy. The usual rapid and effective regeneration of the rapid-renewal cell system after injury will be noted. The serious delayed manifestations of injury to the fibrovascular tissues with resulting delayed complications of ulcerations, stenoses, fistula formation, and obstructing adhesions will be emphasized. Brief discussions of several other organ systems injured by radiation will be presented.

Method of making a self-aligned MESFET using a substitutional gate with side walls

Abstract: A process for producing a semiconductor device includes depositing a layer of insulator material onto a supporting substrate of the type having a surface which includes a channel region below the surface thereof containing a carrier concentration of a desired conductivity type, removing selected portions of the insulator material to form a substitutional gate on the substrate surface, forming side walls bounding substitutional gate to define an effective masking area in cooperation with the substitutional gate, ion implanting a dopant into the unmasked region of the substrate, removing the side walls, annealing the resultant device, removing the substitutional gate, depositing gate metal and first and second ohmic contacts in correct positional relation to one another on the substrate, and depositing metallic interconnects in electrical communication with the ohmic contacts to produce a semiconductor device This technique is especially useful in the production of Group III-V compound semiconductors, particularly gallium arsenide semiconductors

Effect of cultural differences on motivation of analysts and programmers: Singapore vs. the United States

Abstract: A 1985 survey of Singaporean analysts and programmers, on their perceptions on motivation, enables a comparison to earlier U.S. survey results. Growth need strength (GNS) of U.S. analysts is significantly higher than that of U.S. programmers. The GNS of Singaporean analysts and programmers was found to be equivalent to their U.S. counterparts. However, there were significant differences between the U.S. and Singaporean computer professionals for the other side of the motivation equation, the job's motivating potential. The Singaporean motivating potential score (MPS) was significantly lower for both job types, indicating a need for job enrichment and enlargement.

Nonreciprocal optical reflection of the uniaxial antiferromagnet MnF2

Abstract: Microwave reflectivity measurements in Voigt geometry were performed on a polished surface of Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$. We observed nonreciprocal behavior in the reflectivity with respect to the magnetic field reversal. The nonreciprocal behavior of the antiferromagnet's reflectivity gives clear evidence for the existence of nonreciprocal dipolar antiferromagnetic surface spin-wave excitations. The results are quantitatively explained. They give very accurate values for antiferromagnetic resonance and spin-wave damping.

File management system for use in an optical data storage system

Abstract: A file management system for interfacing a host computer application or operating system to a write once read mostly optical data storage system. The file management system causes a predetermined number of sectors on the optical disk to be reserved for a directory region, and causes files of information data to be written to consecutive sectors of an information region adjacent the directory region. Directory data associated with the files of information data is then written to consecutive sectors in the directory region. The information region is thereby allowed to expand to any necessary size until directory data associated therewith fills the adjacent directory region. These procedures are then repeated, resulting in a plurality of interleaved directory and information regions on the optical disk. The file management system causes directory data to be organized in a tree structure. Each file of information data is associated with a subdirectory. For each current file of information data written to the optical disk, the file management system causes directory data including a subdirectory record and a root record to be written. The subdirectory record contains data identifying the location in the information regions of all files associated with the subdirectory to which the current file was just written. The root record contains data identifying the location in the directory data regions of all subdirectory records.

Optical disk drive

Abstract: An optical disk drive of the type adapted to use an optical disk cartridge formed by an optical disk mounted about a hub within an enclosure. When inserted into the optical disk drive, the cartridge is received and supported by a pan. A control handle for controlling the disk drive can be rotated between a load position, a run position, a spin-down position, and an eject position. The handle is coupled to the pan by a linkage. When the handle is rotated to either its run or spin-down positions, the linkage positions the pan at a run/spin-down position at which the hub of the disk is engaged with a drive spindle. When rotated to either its load or eject positions, the linkage causes the pan to be in a load/eject position at which the cartridge can be inserted into or removed from the pan. The position of the handle is detected by optical sensors which provide signals representative thereof to control circuitry. The control circuitry activates a drive motor when the handle is in its run position, and deactivates the drive motor when the handle is moved to its spin-down position. A spin-down interlock mechanism is interfaced to the control circuitry and permits the handle to be rotated from the run position back to the load and eject positions only after a predetermined spin-down time period has elapsed after the handle has been rotated to the spin-down position. The cartridge is ejected from the disk drive when the handle is rotated to its eject position.

Mechanical shock mount system for electrical apparatus

Abstract: A shock mount for mounting an electrical apparatus to a chassis includes a resilient buffer mounted to the apparatus and to the end of an L-shaped arm. The L-shaped arm is joined to and integral with the chassis and is arranged to support bending and torsional loads to absorb mechanical shock.

Herder and ethnography.

Abstract: The source and nature of the ethnography of the important eighteenth century thinker Johann Gottfried Herder can in large part be understood through his relationship to his own society and especially through his part in the German cultural nationalist movement of the day. Herder's long involvement with the literature of travel led him to an understanding of many ideas now associated with cultural anthropology; he often recounts ethnographic information in a plain and impartial way. He also gives frequent moral judgements of native cultures. These judgements, often favorable and occasionally negative, may be traced to his announced political sympathies.

Sampled servo for an optical disk drive

Abstract: Sampled servo data comprising one pit centered on a track and two pits spaced 1/4 track pitch from track center on opposite sides thereof provide for two sinusoidal tracking signals, one radially phase offset from the other by 90 degrees. A first tracking signal derived from subtracting the signals of the offset pits has a zero crossing at track center and is used by the servo system for tracking. Its derivative is used for damping. A second tracking signal derived from all three pits has maxima at track centers and is therefore 90 degrees out of phase with the first tracking signal. This second signal provides track crossing information, and when used in quadrature with the first tracking signal, provides information about the radial direction of crossing. The second signal also provides a control signal for inverting the damping signal while between tracks when the derivative of the first tracking signal would ordinarily be negative and provide for negative damping.

Data structures using Modula--2

Abstract: ion and Problem Solving. The Stack and Queue Abstractions and Some Implementations. Applications of Stack and Queue Abstractions in Modula-2. The List (Search Table) ion and Some Implementations. Applications of List ion in Modula-2. Review of Recursion. The Tree and Some Implementations. Some Miscellaneous Applications of Trees in Modula-2. The Search Table Implemented with Binary Trees in Modula-2. The Search Table Implemented Using Hash Tables. Applications of Data Structures to Sorting. Memory Management. Appendixes. Index.

Paleoenvironments of an Earliest Cambrian (Tommotian) Shelly Fauna in the Southwestern Great Basin, U.S.A.

Abstract: A pre-trilobite shelly fauna was recently discovered at Mt Dunfee, near Gold Point in Esmeralda County, Nevada These fossils occur in the lower to middle portions of the lower member of the Deep Spring formation, approximately 1,000 m below the first trilobite body fossils and 400 m below the first arthropod trace fossils Constituents of the fauna include Coleoloides sp, Sinotubulites sp, Salanytheca sp, and an unidentified skeletal fossil Ichnofossils consist of Paleophycus or Planolites and traces resembling Neonereites, Scolicia, and Bergaueria Four lithofacies are observed in the lower member of the Deep Spring Formation at Mt Dunfee: 1) a fossiliferous limestone facies (Facies A); 2) a red, glauconitic, peloidal limestone facies (Facies B); 3) a mixed carbonate and siliciclastic facies (Facies C); and 4) a sandstone-shale facies (Facies D) These facies were deposited within a shallow, subtidal marine setting The nearshore zone was dominated by siliciclastic sedimentation with alternating episodes of energetic and quiescent depositional conditions (Facies D) The ichnofauna is well developed in the finer-grained sediments of this facies Further offshore, on an open shelf, carbonate mud was the dominant sediment (Facies A) This shallow carbonate shelf was subjected to relatively low-energy deposition, with the exception of occasional storm pulses Locally, sediments consisting predominately of glauconitic peloids were deposited (Facies B) Between the nearshore siliciclastic zone and the carbonate shelf, carbonate and siliciclastic sediments (Facies C) were deposited within a mixing zone Mixing occurred during storm events or along the diffuse margins of laterally migrating environments The Mt Dunfee fauna appears to have been restricted to a warm, low-energy, shallow-water carbonate-shelf environment in which siliciclastic influx was minimal (Facies A) The preferred environment of the fauna is typical of the environments in which other pre-trilobite shelly faunas first appeared worldwide

A Comparison of Delayed Feedback and Live Supervision Models of Marriage and Family Therapist Clinical Training.

Abstract: Two models of family therapy supervision were compared in this research. Thirteen doctoral interns were divided into two groups. The first group received supervision based on delayed feedback supervision concepts. The second group received supervision based on the concepts of live supervision using the team approach. No significant differences were detected between the two supervision models in their ability to help interns acquire and retain selected family therapy skills.

Some anatomical and physiological aspects of anal sexual practices

Abstract: Anal manipulation and penetration produce stimulation enjoyed as sexual by some people. Although this type of sexual activity is not new, the current social climate of sexual freedom and experimentation has brought it out into the open. This paper reviews some of the anatomical, physiological, and behavioral aspects of this variation of human sexual gratification, and provides the practicing professional, who has to deal with questions on anal sexuality, with information on the subject and suitable background material and literature references for further study.

Quantitative concepts in avoiding intraocular lens damage from the Nd:YAG laser in posterior capsulotomy.

Abstract: Damage to the intraocular lens (IOL) in Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is a complication to be avoided. The damage threshold for many of the commercially available IOLs was determined: The power density at the focal point was calculated for FDA approved Nd:YAG lasers. Based on the therapeutic gap concept it is recommended that only power levels below the damage threshold be used in photodiscission posterior capsulotomy to minimize the risk of Nd:YAG laser IOL damage.

Joint Carrier Phase Estimation and Data Detection Algorithms for Multi-h CPM Data Transmission

Abstract: A dynamic programming algorithm, developed in [1]-[4] for obtaining the joint estimate of carrier phase and data, is applied to multi h continuous phase modulation. A MAP estimator detects data and jointly tracks carrier phase consisting of a normal random walk phase jitter process. Monte Carlo computer simulations are used to evaluate the probability of error performance for two receivers employed in demodulation of multi- h CPM signals. A simplified algorithm is proposed which yields up to a tenfold reduction in computation time at the expense of less than 1 dB in signal-to-noise ratio at the error rates computed, and for suitable ranges of phase jitter increments variance.

Infrared Measurements of Scattering and Electromagnetic Penetration through Apertures

Abstract: An infrared detection technique is used to measure the electromagnetic fields near apertures of planar and cylindrical structures. Qualitative and quantitative results are presented and compared with theoretical solutions where applicable.

FET gate current limiter circuits

Abstract: A GaAs logic circuit uses a first FET to control the application of a logic signal from an input to an output. The first FET inherently has parasitic gate-to-source and gate-to-drain diodes. A control signal applied to the gate of the first FET controls the application of the logic signal to the output through the first FET. For a first FET that is an enhancement mode GaAs device, the gate current tends to forward bias such diodes under all operating conditions and tends to significantly increase the gate current. For a first FET that is a depletion-mode device, adverse operating temperatures can cause such tendency to forward bias these diodes and other circuit diodes. A limiter FET connected to the gate to limit the gate current and thus limits the forward biasing of the parasitic and circuit diodes. This reduces the effect on the gate current of variations in the power supplies to the FET, process variations and operating temperature variations. Limiting the gate current also limits the voltage drop resulting from the source resistance of the first FET, maintaining the voltage swing of the logic signal at the output at desired levels. If the gate current were not limited, the resulting greater forward bias of those diodes would cause an increase in the current drain from a voltage supply that biases the first FET. The unlimited forward bias would also result in a greater voltage drop from drain-to-source across the first FET, reducing the V OL at the output and resulting in lower noise margin.

Almost sure comparison of birth and death processes with application to M/M/s queueing systems

Abstract: Given conditions, which concern the infinitesimal parameters of two birth and death processes, the processes are constructed on the same probability space such that one process is almost surely larger than the other. Application is made to M/M/s queueing systems. Stochastic comparisons of queue length and virtual waiting time in two M/M/s systems are obtained.

Conflict Avoiders and Compromisers: Toward an Understanding of their Organizational Communication Style

Abstract: This study examines the organizational communication style of individuals with different conflict-style preferences and the relation-ship of conflict-style preferences to organizational position, employment expectations, and communication satisfaction. The results indicated that individuals with preferences for conflict avoidance and compromising exhibited identifiable organizational communi-cation styles. Furthermore, managers were more likely to use a competitive conflict style than nonmanagers, while those who expected to stay in their present position were more likely to use a compromising style.

Objective lens velocity control system for use in an optical data storage system

Abstract: An objective lens velocity control system for use in an optical data storage system. The optical data storage system includes an optical disk with servo tracks for storing data, an objective lens, and a tracking drive for driving the objective lens along the tracking axis in response to tracking drive signals. The tracking error detector is responsive to the objective lens and produces tracking error signals representative of the position of the objective lens along the tacking axis. The tracking error signal also defines measurement periods which are representative of an actual velocity of the objective lens. A velocity control is responsive to the tracking error detector and produces the tracking drive signals in a form tending to cause the objective lens to have a desired velocity. For each measurement period, the tracking control produces a first tracking drive signal during a first portion but for no longer than a time duration which is a function of the desired velocity. During the remaining second portion of the measurement period, the velocity control produces a second tracking drive signal. The first and second tracking drive signals (which have opposite effects on the velocity) together tend to cause the objective lens to decelerate during measurement periods when the actual velocity is greater than the desired velocity, and to accelerate during the measurement period when the actual velocity is less than the desired velocity.