Showing papers by "University of Colorado Colorado Springs published in 1992"

Why do people need self-esteem? Converging evidence that self-esteem serves an anxiety-buffering function.

Abstract: Three studies were conducted to assess the proposition that self-esteem serves an anxiety-buffering function. In Study 1, it was hypothesized that raising self-esteem would reduce anxiety in response to vivid images of death. In support of this hypothesis, Ss who received positive personality feedback reported less anxiety in response to a video about death than did neutral feedback Ss. In Studies 2 and 3, it was hypothesized that increasing self-esteem would reduce anxiety among individuals anticipating painful shock. Consistent with this hypothesis, both success and positive personality feedback reduced Ss' physiological arousal in response to subsequent threat of shock. Thus, converging evidence of an anxiety-buffering function of self-esteem was obtained.

Terror management and tolerance: does mortality salience always intensify negative reactions to others who threaten one's worldview?

Abstract: Terror management research has shown that reminding Ss of their mortality leads to intolerance. The present research assessed whether mortality salience would lead to increased intolerance when the value of tolerance is highly accessible. In Study 1, given that liberals value tolerance more than conservatives, it was hypothesized that with mortality salience, dislike of dissimilar others would increase among conservatives but decrease among liberals. Liberal and conservative Ss were induced to think about their own mortality or a neutral topic and then were asked to evaluate 2 target persons, 1 liberal, the other conservative. Ss' evaluations of the targets supported these hypotheses. In Study 2, the value of tolerance was primed for half the Ss and, under mortality-salient or control conditions, Ss evaluated a target person who criticized the United States. Mortality salience did not lead to negative reactions to the critic when the value of tolerance was highly accessible.

GPS tracking system

Abstract: A low cost tracking system employing satellites of the global positioning system (GPS) is suitable for applications involving radiosondes, sonobuoys, and other objects. The tracking system includes a sensor mounted on each object which digitally samples the GPS satellite signals and records them in a data buffer. The digital samples are then transmitted, at a rate lower than that at which the GPS satellite signals were sampled, over a data telemetry link, interleaved with other telemetry data from the object. The GPS data is processed in a data processing workstation where the position and velocity of the sensor, at the time the data was sampled, is computed. The data buffer in the sensor is periodically refreshed, and the workstation periodically computes the new position and velocity of the sensor. Differential corrections are also provided at the workstation to aid in signal acquisition and to increase the precision of the position fix.

Operational prototyping: a new development approach

Abstract: The two traditional types of software prototyping methods, throwaway prototyping and evolutionary prototyping, are compared, and prototyping's relation to conventional software development is discussed. Operational prototyping, a method that combines throwaway and evolutionary prototyping techniques by layering a rapid prototype over a solid evolutionary base, is described. Operational prototyping's implications for configuration management, quality assurance, and general project management are reviewed. The application of operational prototyping to a prototype ocean surveillance terminal is presented. >

Dual mode transmitter and receiver

Abstract: A dual-mode transmitter having an antenna (109), a mode controller (103), a source encoder, a tunable-frequency synthesizer (105), a chip-code generator (107), a spread-spectrum modulator (111), a narrowband modulator (113), a power amplifier (115), and an adjustable bandpass filter (117). Also provided is a dual-mode receiver having a mode controller (103), a tunable-frequency synthesizer (105), a chip-code generator (107), an antenna (109), an adjustable bandpass filter (117), a preamplifier (205), a frequency converter (209), an IF amplifier (211), a spread-spectrum despreader (215), a spread-spectrum demodulator (217), a narrowband modulator (213), and a source decoder. For the transmitter and receiver, the mode controller (103) selects receiving a narrowband modulation or a spread-spectrum modulation. The tunable-frequency synthesizer (105) generates a local oscillator signal for the receiver, and a carrier signal for the transmitter. The chip-code generator (107) generates a chip code signal for both the transmitter and the receiver. With a narrowband modulation setting of the mode controller (103), the transmitter and receiver have the adjustable bandpass filters (117) adjusted to a narrowband width for telephone communications. With a spread-spectrum setting of the mode controller, the adjustable bandpass filters (117) and the system are adjusted to transmit and receive a wide bandwidth for passing the spread-spectrum signal.

I DDQ testing: A review

Abstract: Quiescent power supply current (I DDQ ) testing of CMOS integrated circuits is a technique for production quality and reliability improvement, design validation, and failure analysis. It has been used for many years by a few companies and is now receiving wider acceptance as an industry tool. This article begins with a brief history of CMOS ICs to provide perspective on the origin of I DDQ testing. Next, the use of I DDQ testing for IC quality improvement through increased defect and fault detection is described. Then implementation issues are considered, including test pattern generation software, hardware instrumentation, limit setting, IC design guidelines, and defect diagnosis. An extended reference list is provided to help the reader obtain more information on specific aspects.

Storage of compressed data on random access storage devices

Abstract: A random-access type storage device such as a hard disk or semiconductor memory is formatted to provide multiple partitions of varying block size. The data to be stored is in blocks of fixed size, and these blocks are compressed if the compressed size fits in the block size of a small-block partition in the storage device. If a data block is not compressible to the small block size, it is stored uncompressed in another of the partitions. The memory device also contains a table storing the locations of the blocks in the partitions, so upon recall the block is retrieved from location, decompressed (if it had been compressed), and sent to the CPU. For example, there may be two partitions, one using the block size of the original (uncompressed) data, and the other having a block size corresponding to the typical compressed size of the blocks of data (perhaps one-half the size of the original data blocks). The relative number of blocks in each partition (e.g., the physical storage capacity of each partition) is set at the average ratio of compressible blocks to uncompressible blocks for the compression algorithm used. For example, an algorithm may compress 90% of the blocks to 50% of their original size, so a ratio of the number of blocks in the compressed partition to the number of blocks in the uncompressed partition is selected as 90:10.

GPS precision approach and landing system for aircraft

Abstract: A GPS precision approach and landing system for aircraft employs a fixed ground facility and a single satellite navigation receiver on board the aircraft. The fixed ground facility includes a reference receiver that measures differential corrections to the satellite code and carrier measurements and a pseudolite that is employed to transmit these corrections to a broadband GPS receiver on board the aircraft and to provide an additional code and carrier measurement to assist in the navigation solution. The pseudolite signal is broadcast at a frequency offset from the L1 GPS frequency in order to prevent interference with the satellite navigation system. The broadband GPS receiver on board the aircraft is capable of making phase coherent measurements from the GPS satellites, the pseudolite signal, and the GLONASS satellites. These phase coherent measurements are combined to form a precise differential carrier ranging (DCR) solution that is used to provide three-dimensional position guidance of the aircraft throughout a precision approach and landing procedure.

Spread spectrum wireless telephone system

Abstract: A system for accessing a telephone system (101) in which a set of user stations (102) are matched with a set of base stations (104) for connection to a telephone network (103). Each user station comprises a spread-spectrum transmitter (109) or receiver (108) and is capable of dynamic connection to selected base stations (104). User stations may use CDMA, FDMA, TDMA or other multiple-access techniques to obtain one or more clear communication paths to base stations. Base stations are coupled to each other by means of a private exchange telephone system or other small business telephone system (such as a PBX, Centrex, or key-type system) so as to couple user stations in calls outside the telephone network. User stations may also be coupled directly or indirectly to the telephone network on their own or by another access path, such as narrowband or spread-spectrum cellular telephone circuits.

Iddq testing : A review

Abstract: Quiescent power supply current (IDDQ) testing of CMOS integrated circuits is a technique for production quality and reliability improvement, design validation, and failure analysis. It has been used for many years by a few companies and is now receiving wider acceptance as an industry tool. This article begins with a brief history of CMOS ICs to provide perspective on the origin of I DDQ testing. Next, the use of I DDQ testing for IC quality improvement through increased defect and fault detection is described. Then implementation issues are considered, including test pattern generation software, hardware instrumentation, limit setting, IC design guidelines, and defect diagnosis. An extended reference list is provided to help the reader obtain more information on specific aspects.

Memory with CAM and RAM partitions

Abstract: A method is described of programming a memory array on a single integrated circuit so that a portion of each data word is characterized as CAM, with the remaining portion of each data word functioning as RAM. The programmable memory array is partitioned into CAM and RAM subfields by disabling the comparators in each memory cell in selected columns of CAM cells to create RAM-functioning cells. Said partitioning may be re-programmed to enable the comparators in said RAM-functioning cells to be re-enabled, so that said cells may participate in subsequent comparisons to a search word. The described memory array permits direct retrieval and storage of associated information in RAM-functioning cells corresponding to data words which are determined to match a given search word. This direct retrieval and storage process can efficiently be utilized without computing or decoding an address for the associated information.

Reliability and validity of the Coolidge Axis II Inventory: a new inventory for the assessment of personality disorders.

Abstract: This group of studies describes the development of a 200 item, self-report, 4-point true-false inventory (Coolidge Axis II Inventory [CATI]) to assess personality disorders according to the criteria established in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev. [DSM-III-R]; American Psychiatric Association, 1987). The 13 personality disorder scales of the CATI had a mean test-retest reliability of .90 and a median internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of .76. There was a 50% concordance rate with clinician's diagnosis for 24 personality disordered patients. The median concurrent validity (raw score sums) between the CATI and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II for the 13 personality disorder scales was .58. Preliminary studies also support the reliability and validity of Depression, Anxiety, and Brain Dysfunction scales.

Bypass-zone tempestite facies model and proximality trends for an ancient muddy shoreline and shelf

Abstract: Member 2 of the late Precambrian to Lower Cambrian Chapel Island Formation of southeast Newfoundland was primarily deposited in storm-influenced, nearshore and shelf environments along a fine-grained coastline. Deposition took place within or adjacent to a deltaic system that supplied abundant silts and clays. Thin-bedded graded sandstone beds, hummocky cross-stratified beds, and a variety of very thin conglomerate units contain evidence for deposition by storm currents. Sedimentological and stratigraphic evidence is used to reconstruct the relative paleobathymetric position of the three major facies in member 2. The Gutter Cast Facies is a shallow-subtidal deposit characterized by very thin sandstone laminae and abundant pot and gutter casts. The Siltstone-Dominated Facies contains more laterally extensive thin-bedded sandstones and fewer erosional features, and was deposited in the inner shelf. The Sandstone-Dominated Facies consists of thin to medium, graded and hummocky cross-stratified sandstone beds deposited in a more distal shelf setting, but above storm wave base. The facies model and set of proximality trends developed for member 2 deposits may be applicable to other storm-influenced fine-grained shorelines. In this model, the shallow subtidal is a zone of throughput with high-velocity, sediment-laden flows eroding deep narrow scours (gutter casts) and depositing very little sand outside of these scours. As the storm-generated flows move into deeper water they decelerate, resulting in less erosion of the sea floor and depositing thicker and more continuous sand beds (Siltstone-Dominated Facies). Further from shore, bed thickness reaches a maximum (Sandstone-Dominated Facies) and hummocky crossstratification is abundant. Even more distally, bed thickness decreases again (represented by thinly laminated siltstones of the overlying member 3). Analysis of sedimentary structures and paleocurrent data suggests deposition by storm currents that transported sediment nearly perpendicular to shore.

Perceptions of Gender-Role Characteristics and Transformational and Transactional Leadership Behaviours:

Abstract: This research was initiated to investigate the relationship between perceived gender-role characteristics and transformational and transactional leadership. Looking at the 1985 leadership model of ...

Three-cell wireless communication system

Abstract: A wireless communication system including a repeated pattern of cells, in which base station transmitters and user station transmitters for each cell may be assigned a spread-spectrum code for modulating radio signal communication in that cell. Radio signals used in that cell are spread across a bandwidth sufficiently wide that both base station receivers and user station receivers in an adjacent cell may distinguish communication which originates in one cell from another. Adjacent cells may use distinguishable frequencies and distinguishable codes, but it is sufficient if adjacent cells use distinguishable frequencies and identical codes. A repeated pattern of cells allows the codes each to be reused in a plurality of cells.

A Career Assistance Program for Elite Athletes

Abstract: A program to assist elite athletes in coping with the transition out of active sport competition is presented. A life span development framework is used to describe the formulation of the program. An outline of the program is presented, and implications for counselors are discussed.

Apparatus for forming a thin film with a mist forming means

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for generating fine mists of liquids using a rotating turbine blade disposed within an enclosure. A mixture of a liquid and a carrier gas are flowed into the enclosure such that it immediately impacts on the rotating turbine blade disposed near a lower end of the enclosure, and the resulting mist is withdrawn under vacuum near an upper end of the enclosure. A method and apparatus are also disclosed for chemical vapor deposition of thin films of complex chemical compounds using the discussed mists.

Reliability benefits of I DDQ

Abstract: This is an application-oriented article on I DDQ to guide test engineers to a pragmatic method of implementing I DDQ . This article focuses on different aspects of I DDQ testing; quality, reliability, and test implementation. A description of I DDQ is presented, with different practical methods of implementing it, with empirical reliability data of I DDQ failures, and with empirical burn-in data identifying potential yield benefits. Employing I DDQ testing on digital CMOS technology, the user obtains a product with greater reliability. The data presented within this article, along with increasing customer focus on zero defects, clearly support IDDQ implementation.

Discourses of Ethnicity: Culture and Protest in Jharkhand

Abstract: Introduction Ethnicity Metaphors, Realities, Discourses PART ONE: THE TERRAIN OF IDEAS The Conceptualization of Ethnicity PART TWO: REALITIES The Myth of the Tribe The Poverty of Development PART THREE: THE POLITICAL TERRAIN The Tradition of Protest The Experience of Unity Social Imagination and Practice PART FOUR: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL STRUGGLE Culture of Oppression and Culture of Protest Conclusion Ethnicity, Culture and the Anthropological Quest

Process for fabricating materials for ferroelectric, high dielectric constant, and integrated circuit applications

Abstract: A precursor comprising a metal 2-ethylhexanoate in a xylenes solvent is applied to an integrated circuit wafer. The wafer is baked to dry the precursor, annealed to form a layered superlattice material on the wafer, then the integrated circuit is completed. If the metal is titanium, the precursor comprises titanium 2-methoxyethoxide having at least a portion of its 2-methoxyethoxide ligands replaced by 2-ethylhexanoate. If the metal is a highly electropositive element, the solvent comprises 2-methoxyethanol. If the metal is lead, bismuth, thallium, or antimony, 1% to 75% excess metal is included in the precursor to account for evaporation of the oxide during baking and annealing.

Quality end user-developed applications: some essential ingredients

Abstract: This article examines the dimension of quality in end user-developed applications. Quality is defined as the degree to which an application of "high grade" accomplishes or attains its goal from the perspective of the user. We propose a definition for "quality" as a combination of end user information satisfaction and application utilization. We then discuss three measurement instruments that were developed to capture the dimensions of quality and assess their psychometric properties.

Measurement of creativity of IS products

Abstract: While the literature on creativity/innovation in IS is sparse, the literature on measurement of creativity in IS products/services is non-existent. The paper provides a review of the literature on measurement of creativity, then concentrates on a discussion of the measurement of software products. Six software products are evaluated for their degree of creativity using a two-criterion approach: novelty and utility. >

Structure and fabrication of high transconductance MOS field effect transistor using a buffer layer/ferroelectric/buffer layer stack as the gate dielectric

Abstract: A field effect transistor is formed with its gate electrode (50) separated from the substrate (10) by a dielectric stack formed by a buffer layer (20), a layer of ferroelectric material (30), and a second buffer layer (40). The gate electrode (50) is directly over the second buffer layer (40). Source and drain regions (60, 70) are located in the substrate (10), and an insulating layer (80) and metalization layer (100) can be employed for contacts. A method for forming the same is also disclosed.

Process dependent electrical characteristics and equivalent circuit model of sol-gel based PZT capacitors

Abstract: Studies of electrical properties and an equivalent circuit model is developed for ferroelectric PZT(Ti = 60%) thin film capacitors made by sol-gel spin coating with Pt electrodes. The equivalent circuit consists of two major parts: serial space charge capacitors demonstrating surface effects and parallel elements modeling the inner polycrystalline ferroelectric regions. This model is based on device physics which can demonstrate both the measured capacitance voltage characteristics and hysteresis curves. From the model fit to the data, an estimate of the space charge concentration at the surface and inner grain boundary region of 57times;1020 cm−3 and 1×1018 cm−3 respectively is made. Further electrical characterizations such as pulse switching and polarization degradation (fatigue) have also been studied. Using the equivalent circuit, other characteristics such as the switching time can be studied showing its dependence on applied voltage and capacitor area. The applied voltage dependence of fat...

Methods for retarding blister formation by use of cyanoacrylate adhesives

Abstract: A cyanoacrylate adhesive is applied to the skin areas prone to blistering either prior to or during physical activities but prior to blister formation.