University of Colorado Denver

About: University of Colorado Denver is a education organization based out in Denver, Colorado, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 27444 authors who have published 57213 publications receiving 2539937 citations. The organization is also known as: CU Denver & UCD.

The role of lipid droplets in metabolic disease in rodents and humans

Abstract: Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids within cells. Over the last two decades there has been a dramatic growth in our understanding of LD biology and, in parallel, our understanding of the role of LDs in health and disease. In its simplest form, the LD regulates the storage and hydrolysis of neutral lipids, including triacylglycerol and/or cholesterol esters. It is becoming increasingly evident that alterations in the regulation of LD physiology and metabolism influence the risk of developing metabolic diseases such as diabetes. In this review we provide an update on the role of LD-associated proteins and LDs in metabolic disease.

Cellular Mechanisms for Insulin Resistance in Normal Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes

Abstract: The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has doubled over the last 6–8 years and is paralleling the obesity epidemic. GDM carries long-term implications for the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes in the mother and increased risk for obesity and glucose intolerance in the offspring. Insulin resistance exists before pregnancy in women with a history of GDM but worsens during gestation. Insulin secretion is inadequate to compensate for the insulin resistance, leading to hyperglycemia that is detected by routine glucose screening in pregnancy. Thus, chronic insulin resistance is a central component of the pathophysiology of GDM. Human pregnancy is characterized by a series of metabolic changes that promote adipose tissue accretion in early gestation, followed by insulin resistance and facilitated lipolysis in late pregnancy. In early pregnancy, insulin secretion increases, while insulin sensitivity is unchanged, decreased, or may even increase (1,2). However, in late gestation, maternal adipose tissue depots decline, while postprandial free fatty acid (FFA) levels increase and insulin-mediated glucose disposal worsens by 40–60% compared with prepregnancy (2). The ability of insulin to suppress whole-body lipolysis is also reduced during late pregnancy (3), and this is further reduced in GDM subjects (4), contributing to greater postprandial increases in FFAs, increased hepatic glucose production, and severe insulin resistance (2,5–7). Although various placental hormones have been suggested to reprogram maternal physiology to meet fetal needs, the cellular mechanisms for this complex transition remain obscure (8). Further, the critical molecular mechanisms involved in increasing maternal lipid flux in obese women throughout pregnancy that may underlie skeletal muscle insulin resistance and increased fetal fuels are just beginning to be investigated. Skeletal muscle is the principal site of whole-body glucose disposal, and along with adipose tissue, becomes severely insulin resistant during the latter half of pregnancy. Normal …

Search for low-mass weakly interacting massive particles with SuperCDMS.

Abstract: We report a first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the background rejection capabilities of SuperCDMS. An exposure of 577 kg days was analyzed for WIMPs with mass <30 GeV/c^2 , with the signal region blinded. Eleven events were observed after unblinding. We set an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.2×10^( −42) cm^2 at 8 GeV/c^2 . This result is in tension with WIMP interpretations of recent experiments and probes new parameter space for WIMP-nucleon scattering for WIMP masses <6 GeV/c^2.

Maps for managers: where are we? where do we go from here?

Abstract: Research on managerial cognition in genetal, and on cognitive mapping in particular, is receving a great deal of attention in Europe and the US, but the work being done is currently disparate and loosely coupled. Furthermor, the development of maps as a decision aid has tended to focus on specific sub-areas of cognition. In this article we argue that the broad strategic concerns of managers require a portfolio of different kinds of cognitive maps. The interactions among these maps are as important as the functions of each one separately. We develop a framework for classifying cognitice maps and argue for the importance of managing multiple maps.

Threshold-based insulin-pump interruption for reduction of hypoglycemia

Abstract: BackgroundThe threshold-suspend feature of sensor-augmented insulin pumps is designed to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia by interrupting insulin delivery at a preset sensor glucose value. We evaluated sensor-augmented insulin-pump therapy with and without the threshold-suspend feature in patients with nocturnal hypoglycemia. MethodsWe randomly assigned patients with type 1 diabetes and documented nocturnal hypoglycemia to receive sensor-augmented insulin-pump therapy with or without the threshold-suspend feature for 3 months. The primary safety outcome was the change in the glycated hemoglobin level. The primary efficacy outcome was the area under the curve (AUC) for nocturnal hypoglycemic events. Two-hour threshold-suspend events were analyzed with respect to subsequent sensor glucose values. ResultsA total of 247 patients were randomly assigned to receive sensor-augmented insulin-pump therapy with the threshold-suspend feature (threshold-suspend group, 121 patients) or standard sensor-augmented insuli...