Showing papers by "University of Connecticut published in 2022"
TL;DR: The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) as mentioned in this paper is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID19 across the UK.
118 citations
TL;DR: The introduced in vivo printing strategy for wound healing applications is translational and convenient to use in any place, such as an operating room, and does not require expensive bioprinters or imaging modalities.
54 citations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill1, University of Nantes2, Ohio State University3, University of Connecticut4, McGill University5, University of Houston6, Indiana University7, Brookhaven National Laboratory8, Stony Brook University9, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory10, University of Illinois at Chicago11, North Carolina State University12, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign13, University of Washington14, University of Wuppertal15, Michigan State University16, Massachusetts Institute of Technology17, Wayne State University18, University of Minnesota19, University of Chicago20, University of California, Los Angeles21, Chinese Academy of Sciences22
TL;DR: The Beam Energy Scan Theory (BEST) Collaboration was formed with the goal of providing a theoretical framework for analyzing data from the BES program at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory as mentioned in this paper.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article , skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) has generated enthusiasm as an alternative solution for treatment of injured tissue and serves as a functional disease model, recently, bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool for recapitulating the complex and highly organized architecture of skeletal muscles at clinically relevant sizes.
Abstract: Skeletal muscles play important roles in critical body functions and their injury or disease can lead to limitation of mobility and loss of independence. Current treatments result in variable functional recovery, while reconstructive surgery, as the gold-standard approach, is limited due to donor shortage, donor-site morbidity, and limited functional recovery. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) has generated enthusiasm as an alternative solution for treatment of injured tissue and serves as a functional disease model. Recently, bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool for recapitulating the complex and highly organized architecture of skeletal muscles at clinically relevant sizes. Here, skeletal muscle physiology, muscle regeneration following injury, and current treatments following muscle loss are discussed, and then bioprinting strategies implemented for SMTE are critically reviewed. Subsequently, recent advancements that have led to improvement of bioprinting strategies to construct large muscle structures, boost myogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and enhance tissue integration are discussed. Bioinks for muscle bioprinting, as an essential part of any bioprinting strategy, are discussed, and their benefits, limitations, and areas to be improved are highlighted. Finally, the directions the field should expand to make bioprinting strategies more translational and overcome the clinical unmet needs are discussed.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the in-field degradation of soil-biodegradable plastic mulches following successive applications and incorporation, and quantifying mulch recovery 2 years after the final incorporation was quantified every 6 months until fall 2020.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D-printed, lab-on-disc platform for multiplexed detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was proposed.
Abstract: Multiplexed detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rather than detection targeting a single gene is crucial to ensure more accurate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnostics. Here, we develop a monolithic, 3D-printed, lab-on-disc platform for multiplexed molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2. The centrifugal lab-on-disc is fabricated in one step using simple 3D printing technology, circumventing the need for aligning and binding multiple layers. By combining isothermal amplification technology, this lab-on-disc platform is capable of simultaneously detecting the nucleoprotein and envelope genes of SARS-CoV-2 as well as an internal control of the human POP7 gene. Within a 50-minute incubation period, 100 copies SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected through visual detection according to color and fluorescence changes in the disc. Further, we clinically validated the lab-on-disc platform by testing 20 nasopharyngeal swab samples and demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and an accuracy of 95%. Therefore, the monolithic, 3D-printed, lab-on-disc platform provides simple, rapid, disposable, sensitive, reliable, and multiplexed molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2, holding promise for COVID-19 diagnostics at the point of care.
17 citations
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: A novel text-mining based cyber-risk assessment and mitigation framework, which can guide managers to decide on appropriate cybersecurity controls using an expected loss, probability, attack-type, hacker expertise metric against financial losses due to cyber-attacks.
Abstract: Online hacker communities are meeting spots for aspiring and seasoned cybercriminals where they engage in technical discussions, share exploits and relevant hacking tools to be used in launching cyber-attacks on business organizations. Sometimes, the affected organizations can detect these attacks in advance, with the help of cyber-threat intelligence derived from the explicit and implicit features of hacker communication in these forums. Herein, we proposed a novel text-mining based cyber-risk assessment and mitigation framework, which performs the following critical tasks. (i) Cyber-risk Assessment - to identify hacker expertise (i.e., newbie, beginner, intermediate, and advanced) using explicit and implicit features applying various classification algorithms. Among these features, cybersecurity keywords, sharing of attachments, and sentiments emerged as significant. Further, we found that expert hackers demonstrate leadership in the online forums that eventually serve as communities of practice. Consequently, novice hackers gradually develop their cyber-attack skills through prolonged observations, interactions, and external influences in this social learning process. (ii) Cyber-risk mitigation – computes financial impact for every {hacker expertise, attack-type} combination, and then by ranking them on a {likelihood, impact} decision-matrix to prioritize mitigation strategies in affected organizations. Through these novel recommendations, our framework can guide managers to decide on appropriate cybersecurity controls using an {expected loss, probability, attack-type, hacker expertise} metric against financial losses due to cyber-attacks.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a unique CD8 T cell blood/tumor-shared subpopulation was discovered in melanoma patients with high levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the ectonucleotidases CD38 and CD39, and both exhaustion and cytotoxicity markers.
Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy continues to revolutionize melanoma treatment, but only a subset of patients respond. Major efforts are underway to develop minimally invasive predictive assays of ICI response. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we discovered a unique CD8 T cell blood/tumor-shared subpopulation in melanoma patients with high levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the ectonucleotidases CD38 and CD39, and both exhaustion and cytotoxicity markers. We called this population with high levels of OXPHOS "CD8+ TOXPHOS cells." We validated that higher levels of OXPHOS in tumor- and peripheral blood-derived CD8+ TOXPHOS cells correlated with ICI resistance in melanoma patients. We then developed an ICI therapy response predictive model using a transcriptomic profile of CD8+ TOXPHOS cells. This model is capable of discerning responders from nonresponders using either tumor or peripheral blood CD8 T cells with high accuracy in multiple validation cohorts. In sum, CD8+ TOXPHOS cells represent a critical immune population to assess ICI response with the potential to be a new target to improve outcomes in melanoma patients.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed study of contact degradation in monocrystalline and multicrystalline PV modules is performed, where the modules are subjected to a sequence of damp heat (DH) exposures followed by electrical characterization after each step.
16 citations
TL;DR: The second article in this series provides dermatologists with an up-to-date working knowledge of the treatment options that may be prescribed by oncologists for patients with unresectable stage III, stage IV, and recurrent melanoma as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Despite advances in early detection as described in part 1 of this continuing medical education series, melanoma continues to be a large contributor to cutaneous cancer-related mortality. In a subset of patients with unresectable or metastatic disease, surgical clearance is often not possible; therefore, systemic and local therapies are considered. The second article in this series provides dermatologists with an up-to-date working knowledge of the treatment options that may be prescribed by oncologists for patients with unresectable stage III, stage IV, and recurrent melanoma. Despite advances in early detection as described in part 1 of this continuing medical education series, melanoma continues to be a large contributor to cutaneous cancer-related mortality. In a subset of patients with unresectable or metastatic disease, surgical clearance is often not possible; therefore, systemic and local therapies are considered. The second article in this series provides dermatologists with an up-to-date working knowledge of the treatment options that may be prescribed by oncologists for patients with unresectable stage III, stage IV, and recurrent melanoma. Journal based CME Instructions and InformationJournal of the American Academy of DermatologyVol. 86Issue 3Preview Full-Text PDF CME examinationJournal of the American Academy of DermatologyVol. 86Issue 3Preview Full-Text PDF
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of CO2 and H2O on fuel autoignition were investigated in an EGR engine and showed that ultra-low NO addition has a strong effect on fuel combustion.
TL;DR: In this article, a purposive online survey of mobile game users uncovered expected positive relationships between materialism and Internet addiction, as well as Internet addiction and amount of money spent.
TL;DR: In this article, the internal flow units in Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs) through plasma-assisted hydrogenation were manipulated to generate a positive microalloying effect on plasticity.
TL;DR: Tan et al. as discussed by the authors characterized peritoneal and ovarian lesions at single-cell transcriptome resolution and compared them to matched eutopic endometrium, unaffected and organoids derived from these tissues, generating data on over 122,000 cells across 14 individuals.
Abstract: Endometriosis is characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. It affects many women during their reproductive age, causing years of pelvic pain and potential infertility. Its pathophysiology remains largely unknown, which limits early diagnosis and treatment. We characterized peritoneal and ovarian lesions at single-cell transcriptome resolution and compared them to matched eutopic endometrium, unaffected endometrium and organoids derived from these tissues, generating data on over 122,000 cells across 14 individuals. We spatially localized many of the cell types using imaging mass cytometry. We identify a perivascular mural cell specific to the peritoneal lesions, with dual roles in angiogenesis promotion and immune cell trafficking. We define an immunotolerant peritoneal niche, fundamental differences in eutopic endometrium and between lesion microenvironments and an unreported progenitor-like epithelial cell subpopulation. Altogether, this study provides a holistic view of the endometriosis microenvironment that represents a comprehensive cell atlas of the disease in individuals undergoing hormonal treatment, providing essential information for future therapeutics and diagnostics. Using single-cell analysis, Tan et al. map the cellular and spatial hierarchy and heterogeneity of eutopic endometrium and characterize ectopic peritoneal and ovarian endometriosis lesions from individuals receiving hormone treatment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined four social interactional mechanisms underlying a user's adoption of political swearing: generalized reciprocity, direct reciprocity and leader mimicry, and peer-mimicry.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a novel interval decomposition ensemble model based on multivariate variational mode decomposition (MVMD) and interval multilayer perceptron (iMLP) optimized by Jaya algorithm.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a new framework of the multifaceted view of land change through the lens of remote sensing and recommended five facets including change location, time, target, metric, and agent.
01 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the internal flow units in Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs) through plasma-assisted hydrogenation were manipulated to generate a positive microalloying effect on plasticity.
Abstract: This work intends to manipulate the internal flow units in Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs) through plasma-assisted hydrogenation to generate a positive microalloying effect on plasticity. Based on the cooperative shear model theory, serration-flow statistics during nanoindentation loading and creep tests during the holding stage were used to analyze the influence of hydrogen on the behavior of flow units in BMGs. Experimental observations showed that the hydrogen in the Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 BMGs caused mechanical softening, plasticity improvement, and structural relaxation. Analysis also showed that the average volume, size, and activation energy of internal flow units in the BMGs all increased as a result of the increase in the hydrogen content. The hydrogenation in the BMGs was found to lead to a proliferation of shear bands, which promoted plasticity. The aggregation of these internal flow units reduced the stress required for plastic deformation through shear bands, ultimately causing softening and structural relaxation.
07 Mar 2022
TL;DR: This article argued that mental states are internal states that are intentional in Brentano's sense, and that mental ascriptions are indispensable to the description and explanation of action; we cannot do without mental talk.
Abstract: Ryle was wrong in holding that mental statements ascribe merely behavioral dispositions, because any explication of a particular mental state in terms of behavior must presuppose a background of normal mental states of other types. Mental states are internal states that are intentional in Brentano’s sense. But Ryle was right in insisting that all there really is to mentality is behavioral dispositions, and the only intentionality there is, is that of behavior. Metaphysically, there are no mental states. Yet, (1) the public world is exactly as if mental ascriptions were literally true, and (2) they are indispensable to the description and explanation of action; we cannot do without mental talk. Hence, mental fictionalism. The rest of the chapter addresses three further objections to Ryle, the first two of which Ryle himself simply did not confront. The second and third, respectively, from phenomenal consciousness and from introspection, succeed against Ryle’s own realist theory, but Rylean fictionalism avoids them.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of estradiol in hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in women was examined in a virtual Morris water task (VMWT), a virtual radial arm maze (VRAM), and a mental rotation task (MRT) within a single daily session.
TL;DR: In this article, a variational autoencoder is used to simplify the elements of the observed domain structure, allowing for rotational invariance, thereby reducing the variability of local polarization distributions to a small number of latent variables.
Abstract: Domain switching pathways in ferroelectric materials visualized by dynamic piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) are explored via variational autoencoder, which simplifies the elements of the observed domain structure, crucially allowing for rotational invariance, thereby reducing the variability of local polarization distributions to a small number of latent variables. For small sampling window sizes the latent space is degenerate, and variability is observed only in the direction of a single latent variable that can be identified with the presence of domain wall. For larger window sizes, the latent space is 2D, and the disentangled latent variables can be generally interpreted as the degree of switching and complexity of domain structure. Applied to multiple consecutive PFM images acquired while monitoring domain switching, the polarization switching mechanism can thus be visualized in the latent space, providing insight into domain evolution mechanisms and their correlation with the microstructure.
01 Feb 2022
TL;DR: Oxytocin is a peptide molecule with a multitude of physiological and behavioral functions, including social bonding, sexual behavior, birth and maternal behavior, which has been called "the love hormone" as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Oxytocin is a peptide molecule with a multitude of physiological and behavioral functions. Based on its association with reproduction - including social bonding, sexual behavior, birth and maternal behavior - oxytocin also has been called "the love hormone." This essay specifically examines association and parallels between oxytocin and love. However, many myths and gaps in knowledge remain concerning both. A few of these are described here and we hypothesize that the potential benefits of both love and oxytocin may be better understood in light of interactions with more ancient systems, including specifically vasopressin and the immune system. Oxytocin is anti-inflammatory and is associated with recently evolved, social solutions to a variety of challenges necessary for mammalian survival and reproduction. The shared functions of oxytocin and love have profound implications for health and longevity, including the prevention and treatment of excess inflammation and related disorders, especially those occurring in early life and during periods of chronic threat or disease.
TL;DR: In this paper, the superplastic deformation microstructure evolution and mechanism of TNW700 alloy at different strain rates and true strains at 925°C were investigated.
TL;DR: In this article , the superplastic deformation microstructure evolution and mechanism of TNW700 alloy at different strain rates and true strains at 925°C were investigated.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the application of an integrated ptychographic sensor for lensless cytometric analysis of microbial cultures over a large scale and with high spatio-temporal resolution.
TL;DR: In this article , a high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with reported high-cycle fatigue data, dilute body-centered cubic alloys, and many structural alloys such as steels, titanium alloys and aluminum alloys are compared.
TL;DR: In this article, a data-driven algorithmic approach was proposed to solve single-leader single-follower bi-level optimization problems to guarantee feasibility. But the results of this approach are limited to a single-product process scheduling problem.
TL;DR: In this article , the inflammatory polarization status, differentiation, and foaming of macrophages in both human and mouse samples were analyzed to better characterize macrophage subpopulations based on their function.
Abstract: Macrophages are widely distributed immune cells that play central roles in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes, including obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). They are highly plastic cells that execute diverse functions according to a combination of signaling and environmental cues. While macrophages have traditionally been understood to polarize to either proinflammatory M1-like or anti-inflammatory M2-like states, evidence has shown that they exist in a spectrum of states between those 2 phenotypic extremes. In obesity-related disease, M1-like macrophages exacerbate inflammation and promote insulin resistance, while M2-like macrophages reduce inflammation, promoting insulin sensitivity. However, polarization markers are expressed inconsistently in adipose tissue macrophages, and they additionally exhibit phenotypes differing from the M1/M2 paradigm. In atherosclerotic CVD, activated plaque macrophages can also exist in a range of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states. Some of these macrophages scavenge lipids, developing into heterogeneous foam cell populations. To better characterize the many actions of macrophages in human disease, we have designed a novel set of computational tools: MacSpectrum and AtheroSpectrum. These tools provide information on the inflammatory polarization status, differentiation, and foaming of macrophages in both human and mouse samples, allowing for better characterization of macrophage subpopulations based on their function. Using these tools, we identified disease-relevant cell states in obesity and CVD, including the novel concept that macrophage-derived foam cell formation can follow homeostatic noninflammatory or pathogenic inflammatory foaming programs.
TL;DR: In this paper , the mTOR pathway is activated in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells postgenetic ablation, and mTOR activation is essential for RPE regeneration in zebrafish.
Abstract: The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays numerous critical roles in maintaining vision and this is underscored by the prevalence of degenerative blinding diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in which visual impairment is caused by progressive loss of RPE cells. In contrast to mammals, zebrafish possess the ability to intrinsically regenerate a functional RPE layer after severe injury. The molecular underpinnings of this regenerative process remain largely unknown yet hold tremendous potential for developing treatment strategies to stimulate endogenous regeneration in the human eye. In this study, we demonstrate that the mTOR pathway is activated in RPE cells post-genetic ablation. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of mTOR activity impaired RPE regeneration, while mTOR activation enhanced RPE recovery post-injury, demonstrating that mTOR activity is essential for RPE regeneration in zebrafish. RNA-seq of RPE isolated from mTOR-inhibited larvae identified a number of genes and pathways dependent on mTOR activity at early and late stages of regeneration; amongst these were components of the immune system, which is emerging as a key regulator of regenerative responses across various tissue and model systems. Our results identify crosstalk between macrophages/microglia and the RPE, wherein mTOR activity is required for recruitment of macrophages/microglia to the RPE injury site. Macrophages/microglia then reinforce mTOR activity in regenerating RPE cells. Interestingly, the function of macrophages/microglia in maintaining mTOR activity in the RPE appeared to be inflammation-independent. Taken together, these data identify mTOR activity as a key regulator of RPE regeneration and link the mTOR pathway to immune responses in facilitating RPE regeneration.
TL;DR: The authors summarizes the current status of policies to address societal weight-based mistreatment and highlights evidence documenting public support for different types of policies and laws that could be implemented to reduce weightbased bullying and discrimination.