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Showing papers by "University of Copenhagen published in 1979"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the yrast spectra of the nuclides 68 ≦ Z ≦ 70, 89 ≦ N ≦ 99 were analyzed in terms of quasiparticle configurations in a deformed field rotating with the frequency ω, and the excitation energy, e', in the rotating frame (Routhian) and the aligned angular momentum, i, relative to the ground state band as functions of ω were extracted from the experimental rotational bands which were classified with respect to their signature, α, and parity, π.

576 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Isoelectric points and charge distribution within the native protein, the apoprotein and the cyanogen bromide fragments, a buried pyrrolidonecarboxylyl amino terminus, heterogeneity at the carboxyl terminus are discussed, and a possible domain structure, likely from partial tryptic digestion is discussed.
Abstract: Horseradish peroxidase C dominates quantitatively among the isoperoxidases of horseradish root and has an isoelectric point close to 9. It consists of a hemin prosthetic group, 2 Ca2+ and 308 amino acid residues, including 4 disulfide bridges, in a single polypeptide chain that carries 8 neutral carbohydrate side-chains. The molecular weight of the polypeptide chain is 33890. Assuming an average carbohydrate composition of (GlcNAc)2, Man3, Fuc, Xyl for each carbohydrate chain, the molecular weight of native horseradish peroxidase C is close to 44 000. Cyanogen bromide fragments of reduced and carboxymethylated apo-peroxidase were purified by a combination of gel filtration and isoelectric focusing in urea, and cystine-containing tryptic fragments of apo-peroxidase were purified by gel filtration followed by disulfide cleavage and rechromatography at the initial conditions. The present paper discusses (a) isoelectric points and charge distribution within the native protein, the apoprotein and the cyanogen bromide fragments, (b) a buried pyrrolidonecarboxylyl amino terminus, (c) heterogeneity at the carboxyl terminus, and (d) a possible domain structure, likely from partial tryptic digestion.

380 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: During exercise norepinephrine increases and insulin decreases independent of plasma glucose changes whereas receptors sensitive to glucose privation but not to acute changes in insulin levels enhance the exercise-induced secretion of glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol.
Abstract: UNLABELLED The importance of carbohydrate availability during exercise for metabolism and plasma hormone levels was studied. Seven healthy men ran on a treadmill at 70% of individual maximal oxygen uptake having eaten a diet low (F) or high (CH) in carbohydrate through 4 days. At exhaustion the subjects were encouraged to continue to run while glucose infusion increased plasma glucose to preexercise levels. Forearm venous blood, biopsies from vastus muscle and expiratory gas were analyzed. Time to exhaustion was longer in CH- (106 +/- 5 min (S.E.)) than in F-expts. (64 +/- 6). During exercise, overall carbohydrate combustion rate, muscular glycogen depletion and glucose and lactate concentrations, carbohydrate metabolites in plasma, and estimated rate of hepatic glucose production were higher, fat metabolites lower, and the decrease in plasma glucose slower in CH- than in F-expts. Plasma norepinephrine increased and insulin decreased similarly in CH- and F-expts., whereas the increase in glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol was enhanced in F-expts. Glucose infusion eliminated hypoglycemic symptoms but did not substantially increase performance time. During the infusion epinephrine decreased markedly and glucagon even to preexercise levels. Infusion of insulin (to 436% of preexercise concentration) in addition to glucose in F-expts. did not change the plasma levels of the other hormones more than infusion of glucose only but reduced fat metabolites in plasma. At exhaustion muscular glycogen depletion was slow, and the glucose gradient between plasma and sarcoplasma as well as the muscular glucose 6-phosphate concentration had decreased. CONCLUSIONS The preceding diet modifies the energy depots, the state of which (as regards size, receptors and enzymes) is of prime importance for metabolism during prolonged exercise. Plentiful carbohydrate stores favor both glucose oxidation and lactate production. During exercise norepinephrine increases and insulin decreases independent of plasma glucose changes whereas receptors sensitive to glucose privation but not to acute changes in insulin levels enhance the exercise-induced secretion of glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol. Abolition of cerebral hypoglycemia does not inevitably increase performance time, because elimination of the hypoglycemia may not abolish muscular energy lack.

265 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that domains are formed in a homogeneous SU(2) color magnetic field and due to quantum fluctuations the domains have fluid properties, and it was then argued that superpositions of such domains must be considered.

244 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Coulomb excitation of both target and projectile in relativistic heavy ion collisions is evaluated, including the lowest order correction for the deviation from a straight line trajectory.

222 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, all the soliton equations in 1 + 1 dimensions that can be solved by the AKNS 2 × 2 inverse scattering method are shown to describe pseudospherical surfaces, i.e., surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature.

197 citations



Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: This chapter is about the PSS in bacteria with the usual bias toward Escherichia coli, and the author does not deal with eukaryotic cells.
Abstract: The long title of this chapter was suggested by the editor. I find it excellent because, right away, it points to the complexity and vagueness of the subject. This in turn forces the author to clarify his position. First of all I shall not deal with eukaryotic cells; partly because I lack the necessary specialized knowledge, but also because, as a rule, these cells contain more than one protein-synthesizing system (PSS), making them particularly difficult to analyze. So, this chapter is about the PSS in bacteria with the usual bias toward Escherichia coli.

184 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The microwave spectra of the six mono-13 C-phenol species have been investigated and a complete substitution structure ( r s ) is reported as discussed by the authors, where the r s bond lengths (A) are: r CC 1.391-1.395, average 1.086.

177 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present results confirm the specificity of training and indicate that a high content of FT fibers is a prerequisite for a successful strength training.
Abstract: Isometric and dynamic strength and endurance of knee extensors were tested in 18 young males. The relative composition of slow (ST) and fast twitch (FT) fibers in the vastus lateralis muscle was registered from needle biopsies. Thigh muscle volume was evaluated from ultrasonic measurements. Six subjects served as controls, six trained with 50%, and six with 80% dynamic strength three times per week for 7 weeks with 20 and 12 repetitions per session, respectively. The training load was adjusted to the increases in strength observed during training. Dynamic strength increased by 42.3% in the 80% group (p less than 0.01). In the control group and 50% group no significant increases were observed. Dynamic endurance: Controls showed no change. There was an over-all increase in the 50% group, while the 80% group only increased dynamic endurance for heavier loads. Isometric strength and endurance and fiber composition did not change in any group. In the 50% group the area of FT-realtive to ST-fibers increased 12.4% (p greater than 0.05). Dynamic strength relative to muscle cross section increased by 30% in the 80% group (p less than 0.01) positively correlated to relative content of FT fibers. The present results confirm the specificity of training and indicate that a high content of FT fibers is a prerequisite for a successful strength training.

175 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an equivalence relation among the positive elements in a C∗-algebra is introduced and it is shown that the algebra is (semi-) finite if and only if there is a separating family of finite traces.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived an entropy production inequality which is used to prove global exponential decay of the free energy, and with its aid a uniform rate for strong convergence to equilibrium is proven, where the generators of the linear-lized flow at the vicinity of the equilibria are diagonalized.
Abstract: Chemical kinetics of a system of reacting polymers is modelled by an equation which shares certain properties with Boltzmann's equation. Being more tractable, however, this evolution may be of an illustrative value for the latter. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are analysed. We derive an entropy production inequality which is used to prove global exponential decay of the free energy. With its aid a uniform rate for strong convergence to equilibrium is proven. The generators of the linearlized flow at the vicinity of the equilibria are diagonalized.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fission track ages have been measured for 12 sphenes, 18 zircons and 25 apatites separated largely from Lower Tertiary magmatic rocks of East Greenland, with a few examples from Caledonian rocks.
Abstract: Fission track ages have been measured for 12 sphenes, 18 zircons and 25 apatites separated largely from Lower Tertiary magmatic rocks of East Greenland, with a few examples from Caledonian rocks. The sphene and zircon ages of Caledonian rocks agree with other radiometric ages but apatite is strongly discordant indicating that these rocks cooled very slowly over a 200 m.y. period. It was not until the Permian/Lower Jurassic that they finally cooled below 100 ° C, possibly as a consequence of uplift and erosion at this time in connection with extensive rifting. No evidence of a Tertiary imprint has been found in these rocks. Layered gabbros, such as Skaergaard, were emplaced at about the same time (ca. 54 m.y.) as the latest plateau basalts. Some evidence of syenitic activity from this period occurs in the Angmagssalik area ca. 400 km to the south but the syenites of Kangerdlugssuaq cluster around 50 m.y. The Gardiner ultramafic alkaline complex and some of the offshore gabbros apparently also were emplaced at about 50 m.y. Late dykes in the Kangerdlugssuaq area were emplaced over a considerable time span (43-34 m.y.) in keeping with their variable petrographic character, and the Kialineq centre was formed at 36.2±0.4 m.y. Intrusions of the Masters Vig area differ in age. Kap Simpson and Kap Parry to the northeast were emplaced around 40 m.y. whereas the Werner Bjerge complex is the youngest igneous activity so far identified in Greenland with an age of 30.3±1.3 m.y. Many apatites give strongly discordant ages of about 36 m.y. and these are concentrated in the area of a major domal uplift centred on Kangerdlugssuaq. The uplift is older than these ages but on field evidence post-dates the basalts. It probably formed in conjunction with alkaline magmatism at ca. 50 m.y. Cooling below ca. 200 ° was slow for these intrusions and was probably controlled by a number of factors including erosion of the dome, high heat flow caused by continuing dyke injection and regional plateau uplift. The last is believed to have taken place about 35 m.y. ago at the time of emplacement of the Kialineq plutons and last dykes. Renewed rapid erosion and declining heat flow at this time led to rapid cooling of the rocks now at the surface to below 100 °.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1979-Allergy
TL;DR: The weal reactions appearing after the use of histamine chloride 1 mg/ml and an extract of Phleum pralense in a 1 HEP concentration prove suitable as regards size and reproducibility compared with the reactions produced by a more conventional prick test method.
Abstract: A new lancet with a point length of 1.0 mm suitable for skin prick testing is described. The weal reactions appearing after the use of histamine chloride 1 mg/ml and an extract of Phleum pratense in a 1 HEP concentration (1 histamine equivalent prick) prove suitable as regards size and reproducibility compared with the reactions produced by a more conventional prick test method. The new lancet simplifies the prick test procedure and does not require as much experience as do needles and longer lancets.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The observations are compatible with the hypothesis of an in vivo flow of glutamate (and GABA) from neurons to astrocytes where it is taken up and metabolized, and a compensatory flow of glutamine towards neurons and away from astroCytes although the latter cell type may be more deeply involved in glutamine metabolism than envisaged in the hypothesis.
Abstract: — Uptake and release of glutamine were measured in primary cultures of astrocytes together with the activity of the phosphate activated glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2). In contrast to previous findings of an effective, high affinity uptake of other amino acids (e.g. glutamate, GABA) no such uptake of glutamine was observed, though a saturable, concentrative uptake mechanism did exist (Km= 3.3 ± 0.5 mm; Vmax= 50.2 ± 12.6 nmol ± min−1± mg−1). The phosphate activated glutaminase activity in the astrocytes (6.9 ± 0.9 nmol ± min−1± mg−1) was similar to the activity found in whole brain (5.4 ± 0.7 nmol ± min −l± mg−1), which may contrast with previous findings of a higher activity of the glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) in astrocytes than in whole brain. The observations are compatible with the hypothesis of an in vivo flow of glutamate (and GABA) from neurons to astrocytes where it is taken up and metabolized, and a compensatory flow of glutamine towards neurons and away from astrocytes although the latter cell type may be more deeply involved in glutamine metabolism than envisaged in the hypothesis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Plants growing at low CO 2 concentrations in sand are small but have an extensive root system relative to the leaf weight, which seems to limit photosynthesis under natural uptake conditions, i.e. with no stirring around the roots.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: The chapter reviews tsources of the information to be processed by the NS, the nature of local NS processing, and psychological analysis of this innominate function, as well as investigating the electrophysiological and neurochemical basis for NS involvement in delayed response tasks.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the cognitive functions of the neostriatum (NS). The NS seems to take part in mediating a phylogenetically widespread, supramodal function, which is largely independent of response topography and which is operative under a rather well-defined range of circumstances. The chapter reviews tsources of the information to be processed by the NS, the nature of local NS processing, and psychological analysis of this innominate function. Studies in several species have shown that only a limited portion of NS is of critical importance for delayed response-type tasks. The focal NS region is the recipient of information from that subdivision of the prefrontal cortex, which is the neocortical center for the same class of behavior and probably also from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. The electrophysiological and neurochemical basis for NS involvement in delayed response tasks is insufficiently investigated, and the available evidence does not particularly illuminate the fate, within the NS, of the information arriving from the frontal lobes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that objective demonstration of infravesical obstruction is mandatory in the selection of patients with symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction for surgery on the prostate or the bladder neck.
Abstract: One hundred and seven consecutive patients referred with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction were studied using cystometry and combined pressure-flow-electromyographic investigation. The symptoms of infravesical obstruction were not statistically significantly correlated to the hydrodynamic documentation of increased bladder outlet resistance as judged by maximum flow rate and the calculated urethral resistance. Irritative symptoms such as frequency, nocturia, urgency and urge-incontinence were statistically significantly correlated to the presence of detrusor hyperreflexia. The functional disorder bladder neck dyssynergia was encountered in 5% of the patients (95% confidence limits 1-10%). This diagnosis cannot be made by conventional urological investigations. It is concluded that objective demonstration of infravesical obstruction is mandatory in the selection of patients with symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction for surgery on the prostate or the bladder neck.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Under the present experimental conditions the following compounds inhibited preferentially the glial transport system: (3RS, 4SR)‐4‐hydroxynipecotic acid, guvacine, (RS)‐N‐methylnipecotics acid, (R)‐β‐proline and β‐alanine preferently inhibited neuronal transport as studied in mini‐slices of brain cortex.
Abstract: —The effects of a variety of acyclic or heterocyclic GABA analogues on GABA receptor binding and on high affinity transport of GABA in cultured astrocytes and mini-slices of brain cortex were studied. The receptor and transport sites were found to be stereospecific and they exhibited opposite stereoselectivity for (R)- and (S)-trans-4-amino-4-methylcrotonic acid and (R)- and (S)-β-proline. The most potent inhibitors of GABA binding were (RS)-4, 5-dihydromuscimol, muscimol, GABA, isoguvacine and isonipecotic acid with IC50values of, respectively, 0.009, 0.006, 0.033, 0.037 and 0.33 μM. Under the present experimental conditions the following compounds inhibited preferentially the glial transport system: (3RS, 4SR)-4-hydroxynipecotic acid, guvacine, (RS)-N-methylnipecotic acid, (RS)-β-proline and β-alanine (IC50 values 10, 25, 70, 320 and 1000 μM, respectively vs. 200, 100, 300, 1200 and >5000 for neuronal transport). On the other hand, (R)-trans-4-amino-4-methylcrotonic acid, (3RS, 4SR, 5SR)-4-hydroxy-5-methymipecotic acid and (RS)-3-hydroxy-5-aminovaleric acid preferentially inhibited neuronal transport as studied in mini-slices of brain cortex (IC50 values 160, 300 and 430 μM, respectively vs. 500, > 5000 and 1400 μM for glial transport).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Clusters of mitochondria have been observed close to the inner end of the pores in Nonionella stella, Globobulimina pacifica, Buliminella tenuata, Bolvina argentea, Loxostomum pseudobeyrichi, Cassidulinoides cornuta and Bolivina cf.
Abstract: Clusters of mitochondria have been observed close to the inner end of the pores in Nonionella stella, Globobulimina pacifica, Buliminella tenuata, Bolivina argentea, Loxostomum pseudobeyrichi, Cassidulinoides cornuta and Bolivina cf. subexcavata, pointing to a pore function of oxygen-uptake. The relationship between mitochondria and pores is most distinct in Buliminella tenuata, Bolivina argentea and L. pseudobeyrichi collected from a deep-water, low-oxygen environment. Amphistegina lobifera Larsen, 1976 readily took up 14CO2 through its pores, indicating a pore function related to the photosynthetic activities of its symbionts. 14C-labelled glucose did not pass through the pores in traceable amounts during a 2 h exposure time.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors recall some definitions and results with relation to the m o m e n t problem and show that the set of positive definite functions is a closed convex cone in the vector space.
Abstract: To mot ivate the following results let us recall some definitions and results with relation to the m o m e n t problem. Let (S, + ) be an abelian semigroup with neutral element 0. A real-valued function f : S ~ I R is called positive definite, if for any finite set of elements sl . . . . . s, s S the matr ix f(s~ + s) is positive semidefinite. The set ~ = ~ ( S ) of positive definite functions is easily seen to be a closed convex cone in the vector space i f (S) of all functions f : S--.IR with the topology of pointwise convergence. Fur thermore , if f , ge~' then the product f g e ~ . This follows from the fact that if (ai) and (bl) are positive semidefinite matrices, then (a~ib~j) is positive semidefinite. Let S* denote the set of all non-zero multiplicative functions e : S--.IR, and let be the set of 0eS* for which Q(S)_C_ [ 1, 1], i.e. S is the set of semicharacters on S. It is easy to see that S* is a closed subset of ~ and that S is compact . A function f : S--,IR is called a moment function, if there exists a positive Radon measure p on S* such that


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The intracellular distribution of plasma proteins in developing neurons may indicate that these proteins play some important role in neuronal differentiation or development.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the concentrations of heavy metal pollution from the steelworks in Denmark were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in both transplants and bulk precipitation, and the amounts of accumulated metals in the transplants were linearly correlated with fallout from the atmosphere, the bryophytes accumulating the metals slightly faster than the lichens.
Abstract: Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. andDicranoweisia cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb. were transplanted to 12 stations in the vicinity of the steelworks in Frederiksvaerk, Denmark. The transplants were exposed for 7 mo, and samples were taken after 31, 64, 104, 154, 184, and 214 days. Bulk precipitation was collected simultaneously. The concentrations of the metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ph, V, and Zn were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in both transplants and bulk precipitation. The amounts of accumulated metals in the transplants were linearly correlated with fallout from the atmosphere, the bryophytes accumulating the metals slightly faster than the lichens. The metal concentrations in the transplants, as well as the bulk precipitation, followed a decreasing power curve when the distance to the steelworks was increased. It was concluded that transplanted lichens and bryophytes can be applied as monitor organisms of heavy metal pollution from the air.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data suggest that even short periods of detraining result in significant changes in indices of physiological capacity and function in subjects near their upper limit of adaptation, and that a longer period of retraining is necessary for muscle to re-adapt to its original trained state.
Abstract: The effects of 15 days of detraining and 15 days of retraining were studied in 6 well-trained runners Detraining resulted in significant decreases in the mean activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of 24% and 13% respectively, but no significant increases in these enzymes activities occured with retraining Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) decreased by 4% with detraining (p less than 005), and increased by a similar amount with retraining Performance time in an intense submaximal run decreased by 25% (p less than 005) with inactivity, but still averaged 9% below the initial level after retraining Maximal heart rate and peak heart rate during the performance run were higher after detraining by 4 and 9 beats per min, respectively (p less than 005) With retraining, these heart rate values were decreased by 7 and 9 beats per min (p less than 005) Blood lactate concentrations after the VO2 max and performance run were approximately 20% lower after detraining and retraining (p less than 005) Muscle fibre areas for three subjects tended to be larger in biopsy samples taken after detraining and retraining These data suggest that even short periods of detraining result in significant changes in indices of physiological capacity and function in subjects near their upper limit of adaptation, and that a longer period of retraining is necessary for muscle to re-adapt to its original trained state

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1979-Urology
TL;DR: Four men referred for incomplete erection of the penis had abnormal venous outflow from the cavernous bodies and three of them were functionally greatly improved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Immunocytochemical staining has shown that the median neurosecretory cells of the brain of the blowfly, Calliphora vomitoria, contain an insulin-like material which cross reacts with antibodies to bovine insulin.
Abstract: Immunocytochemical staining has shown that the median neurosecretory cells (MNC) of the brain of the blowfly, Calliphora vomitoria, contain an insulin-like material which cross reacts with antibodies to bovine insulin. There are 24–26 paraldehyde fuchsin-positive MNC of which only 6–8 show the specific insulin-like immunoreactivity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that the tight junction fibrils may be polymerization products caused by the formidable crosslinking effect of GA, and it is suggested that tight junctions in vivo are comprised of discrete integral proteins with stronger binding to the external side of the membrane or to opposing junctional proteins in the adjacent membrane.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new peptide with both adipokinetic activity in the locust and red pigment-concentratingActivity in the shrimp, can be readily separated from the adipokinetics hormone in extracts of corpora cardiaca (CC) from Schistocerca americana gregaria by the use of gel chromatography and the Leander adspersus bioassay.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytic expression for the energies of the states of the proton-neutron multiplet (jpjn)I = |jp-jn&,…,jp + jn is derived as a quadratic function x = I(I + 1) owing to the exchange of the quadrupole and the spin-vibrational phonon.