University of Copenhagen

About: University of Copenhagen is a education organization based out in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 57645 authors who have published 149740 publications receiving 5903093 citations. The organization is also known as: Copenhagen University & Københavns Universitet.

EASE: Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience.

Abstract: for a detailed account of phenomena that have in common a somehow deformed sense of fi rst-person perspective – in brief, a disorder or defi ciency in the sense of being a subject, a self-coinciding center of action, thought, and experience 1 . The scale is mainly designed for conditions in the schizophrenia spectrum, but it cannot be used alone as a diagnostic instrument (self-disorders are not listed by the DSM-IV or ICD-10 as diagnostically crucial or even important features of schizophrenia; derealization and depersonalization are mentioned as nonessential features of schizotypy). The EASE does not cover all potential anomalies of experience, but focuses only on the disorders of the self [in contrast to the BSABS (‘Bonner Skala fur die Beurteilung von Basissymptomen’) [Gross et al., 1987], e.g. perceptual disorders are not explored].

Recent Warming Reverses Long-Term Arctic Cooling

Abstract: The temperature history of the first millennium C.E. is sparsely documented, especially in the Arctic. We present a synthesis of decadally resolved proxy temperature records from poleward of 60°N covering the past 2000 years, which indicates that a pervasive cooling in progress 2000 years ago continued through the Middle Ages and into the Little Ice Age. A 2000-year transient climate simulation with the Community Climate System Model shows the same temperature sensitivity to changes in insolation as does our proxy reconstruction, supporting the inference that this long-term trend was caused by the steady orbitally driven reduction in summer insolation. The cooling trend was reversed during the 20th century, with four of the five warmest decades of our 2000-year-long reconstruction occurring between 1950 and 2000.

Are leaders' well-being, behaviours and style associated with the affective well-being of their employees? A systematic review of three decades of research

Abstract: This study is an overview of published empirical research on the impact of leaders and leadership styles on employee stress and affective well-being. A computerized search and systematic review of nearly 30 years of empirical research was conducted. Forty-nine papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria, which include the requirements for papers to report empirical studies and to be published during the period 1980 to 2009 in English-language peer-reviewed journals. The studies were mostly cross-sectional (43/49 papers) and examined the impact of leaders' stress (4 papers), leaders' behaviours (e.g. support, consideration and empowerment) (30 papers) and specific leadership styles (20 papers) on employees' stress and affective well-being. Three research questions were addressed. The review found some support for leader stress and affective well-being being associated with employee stress and affective well-being. Leader behaviours, the relationship between leaders and their employees and specific leadership styles were all associated with employee stress and affective well-being. It is recommended that future studies include more qualitative data, use standardize questionnaires and examine the processes linking leaders with employee stress. This may lead to effective interventions.

Interleukin-6 stimulates lipolysis and fat oxidation in humans.

Abstract: Although IL-6 is a key modulator of immune function, it also plays a role in regulating substrate metabolism. To determine whether IL-6 affects lipid metabolism, 18 healthy men were infused for 3 h with saline (Con; n = 6) or a high dose (High-rhIL6; n = 6) or a low dose (Low-rhIL6; n = 6) of recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6). The IL-6 concentration during Con, Low-rhIL6, and High-rhIL6 was at a steady state after 30 min of infusion at approximately 4, 140, and 320 pg/ml, respectively. Either dose of rhIL-6 was associated with a similar increase in fatty acid (FA) concentration and endogenous FA rate of appearance (R(a)) from 90 min after the start of the infusion. The FA concentration and FA R(a) continued to increase until the cessation of rhIL-6 infusion, reaching levels approximately 50% greater than Con values. The elevated levels reached at the end of rhIL-6 infusion persisted at least 3 h postinfusion. Triacylglycerol concentrations were unchanged during rhIL-6 infusion, whereas whole body fat oxidation increased after the second hour of rhIL-6 infusion. Of note, during Low-rhIL6, the induced elevation in FA concentration and FA R(a) occurred in the absence of any change in adrenaline, insulin, or glucagon, and no adverse side effects were observed. In conclusion, the data identify IL-6 as a potent modulator of fat metabolism in humans, increasing fat oxidation and FA reesterification without causing hypertriacylglyceridemia.

The roles of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation and infancy: review of current knowledge and consensus recommendations.

Abstract: This paper reviews current knowledge on the role of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), in maternal and term infant nutrition as well as infant development. Consensus recommendations and practice guidelines for health-care providers supported by the World Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Early Nutrition Academy, and the Child Health Foundation are provided. The fetus and neonate should receive LC-PUFA in amounts sufficient to support optimal visual and cognitive development. Moreover, the consumption of oils rich in n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy reduces the risk for early premature birth. Pregnant and lactating women should aim to achieve an average daily intake of at least 200 mg DHA. For healthy term infants, we recommend and fully endorse breastfeeding, which supplies preformed LC-PUFA, as the preferred method of feeding. When breastfeeding is not possible, we recommend use of an infant formula providing DHA at levels between 0.2 and 0.5 weight percent of total fat, and with the minimum amount of AA equivalent to the contents of DHA. Dietary LC-PUFA supply should continue after the first six months of life, but currently there is not sufficient information for quantitative recommendations.