University of Copenhagen

About: University of Copenhagen is a education organization based out in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 57645 authors who have published 149740 publications receiving 5903093 citations. The organization is also known as: Copenhagen University & Københavns Universitet.

Whole-genome sequencing of cultivated and wild peppers provides insights into Capsicum domestication and specialization

Abstract: As an economic crop, pepper satisfies people’s spicy taste and has medicinal uses worldwide. To gain a better understanding of Capsicum evolution, domestication, and specialization, we present here the genome sequence of the cultivated pepper Zunla-1 (C. annuum L.) and its wild progenitor Chiltepin (C. annuum var. glabriusculum). We estimate that the pepper genome expanded ∼0.3 Mya (with respect to the genome of other Solanaceae) by a rapid amplification of retrotransposons elements, resulting in a genome comprised of ∼81% repetitive sequences. Approximately 79% of 3.48-Gb scaffolds containing 34,476 protein-coding genes were anchored to chromosomes by a high-density genetic map. Comparison of cultivated and wild pepper genomes with 20 resequencing accessions revealed molecular footprints of artificial selection, providing us with a list of candidate domestication genes. We also found that dosage compensation effect of tandem duplication genes probably contributed to the pungent diversification in pepper. The Capsicum reference genome provides crucial information for the study of not only the evolution of the pepper genome but also, the Solanaceae family, and it will facilitate the establishment of more effective pepper breeding programs.

Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation - A benchmark of metagenomics software

Abstract: Methods for assembly, taxonomic profiling and binning are key to interpreting metagenome data, but a lack of consensus about benchmarking complicates performance assessment. The Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI) challenge has engaged the global developer community to benchmark their programs on highly complex and realistic data sets, generated from ∼700 newly sequenced microorganisms and ∼600 novel viruses and plasmids and representing common experimental setups. Assembly and genome binning programs performed well for species represented by individual genomes but were substantially affected by the presence of related strains. Taxonomic profiling and binning programs were proficient at high taxonomic ranks, with a notable performance decrease below family level. Parameter settings markedly affected performance, underscoring their importance for program reproducibility. The CAMI results highlight current challenges but also provide a roadmap for software selection to answer specific research questions.

ESC Working Group Position Paper on Myocardial Infarction With Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries

Abstract: The management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)1 has evolved over the past century and particularly in the past 50 years. Important milestones include the development of the electrocardiogram, coronary care units, coronary angiography, reperfusion therapies, and troponin assays. These innovations are the foundation of contemporary AMI management strategies that include a diagnosis centred on elevated troponin values associated with corroborative clinical evidence,1 early use of coronary angiography, and reperfusion therapies.2–4 Pivotal in the evolution of these contemporary strategies were the early AMI coronary angiography studies undertaken by DeWood et al. These pioneering studies demonstrated that, in patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), almost 90% had an occluded coronary artery provided that angiography was undertaken within 4 h of chest pain onset.5 In contrast, in AMI patients who did not present with ST elevation (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction or NSTEMI), only 26% had an occluded coronary artery when angiography was performed within 24 h of symptom onset.6 In both of these landmark studies,5,6 >90% of the acute MI patients had angiographic evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), underscoring the importance of the atherosclerotic process in the pathogenesis of AMI. Although DeWood's studies underscore the importance of obstructive CAD in AMI, it is fascinating that ∼10% had no significant CAD on coronary angiography. This is confirmed in several large AMI registries7–9 where 1–13% of AMI's occurred in the absence of obstructive CAD thereby eliciting an important set of questions—what is the mechanism of the myocardial damage in these patients? Do these patients differ from those with obstructive CAD? Should they be …

A review of the use of virtual reality head-mounted displays in education and training

Abstract: In the light of substantial improvements to the quality and availability of virtual reality (VR) hardware seen since 2013, this review seeks to update our knowledge about the use of head-mounted displays (HMDs) in education and training. Following a comprehensive search 21 documents reporting on experimental studies were identified, quality assessed, and analysed. The quality assessment shows that the study quality was below average according to the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument, especially for the studies that were designed as user evaluations of educational VR products. The review identified a number of situations where HMDs are useful for skills acquisition. These include cognitive skills related to remembering and understanding spatial and visual information and knowledge; psychomotor skills related to head-movement, such as visual scanning or observational skills; and affective skills related to controlling your emotional response to stressful or difficult situations. Outside of these situations the HMDs had no advantage when compared to less immersive technologies or traditional instruction and in some cases even proved counterproductive because of widespread cybersickness, technological challenges, or because the immersive experience distracted from the learning task.