Institution
University of Copenhagen
Education•Copenhagen, Denmark•
About: University of Copenhagen is a education organization based out in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 57645 authors who have published 149740 publications receiving 5903093 citations. The organization is also known as: Copenhagen University & Københavns Universitet.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Insulin, Skeletal muscle, Diabetes mellitus
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Stephen Richards1, Richard A. Gibbs1, Nicole M. Gerardo2, Nancy A. Moran3 +220 more•Institutions (58)
TL;DR: The genome of the pea aphid shows remarkable levels of gene duplication and equally remarkable gene absences that shed light on aspects of aphid biology, most especially its symbiosis with Buchnera.
Abstract: Aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insect-plant interactions, symbiosis, virus vectoring, and the developmental causes of extreme phenotypic plasticity. Here we present the 464 Mb draft genome assembly of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. This first published whole genome sequence of a basal hemimetabolous insect provides an outgroup to the multiple published genomes of holometabolous insects. Pea aphids are host-plant specialists, they can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they have coevolved with an obligate bacterial symbiont. Here we highlight findings from whole genome analysis that may be related to these unusual biological features. These findings include discovery of extensive gene duplication in more than 2000 gene families as well as loss of evolutionarily conserved genes. Gene family expansions relative to other published genomes include genes involved in chromatin modification, miRNA synthesis, and sugar transport. Gene losses include genes central to the IMD immune pathway, selenoprotein utilization, purine salvage, and the entire urea cycle. The pea aphid genome reveals that only a limited number of genes have been acquired from bacteria; thus the reduced gene count of Buchnera does not reflect gene transfer to the host genome. The inventory of metabolic genes in the pea aphid genome suggests that there is extensive metabolite exchange between the aphid and Buchnera, including sharing of amino acid biosynthesis between the aphid and Buchnera. The pea aphid genome provides a foundation for post-genomic studies of fundamental biological questions and applied agricultural problems.
1,271 citations
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TL;DR: The epidemiological distinction between the generic term "physical activity" and the specific category of "exercise", which implies activity for a specific purpose such as improvement of physical condition or competition is recognised.
Abstract: An ever-growing volume of peer-reviewed publications speaks to the recent and rapid growth in both scope and understanding of exercise immunology. Indeed, more than 95% of all peer-reviewed publications in exercise immunology (currently >2, 200 publications using search terms "exercise" and "immune") have been published since the formation of the International Society of Exercise and Immunology (ISEI) in 1989 (ISI Web of Knowledge). We recognise the epidemiological distinction between the generic term "physical activity" and the specific category of "exercise", which implies activity for a specific purpose such as improvement of physical condition or competition. Extreme physical activity of any type may have implications for the immune system. However, because of its emotive component, exercise is likely to have a larger effect, and to date the great majority of our knowledge on this subject comes from exercise studies.
1,260 citations
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Cardiff University1, Charité2, Harvard University3, King's College London4, Broad Institute5, University of Adelaide6, Centre for Mental Health7, University of Queensland8, University of Münster9, University of Edinburgh10, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute11, University of Vigo12, University of California, Los Angeles13, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai14, University of Oviedo15, Aarhus University16, Lundbeck17, Oslo University Hospital18, University of Oslo19, Statens Serum Institut20, University of Bergen21, Aarhus University Hospital22, University of Copenhagen23, University of Belgrade24, Tbilisi State Medical University25, deCODE genetics26, University of Verona27, Mental Health Services28, Eli Lilly and Company29, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich30, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg31
TL;DR: A new genome-wide association study of schizophrenia is reported, and through meta-analysis with existing data and integrating genomic fine-mapping with brain expression and chromosome conformation data, 50 novel associated loci and 145 loci are identified.
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric condition often associated with poor quality of life and decreased life expectancy. Lack of progress in improving treatment outcomes has been attributed to limited knowledge of the underlying biology, although large-scale genomic studies have begun to provide insights. We report a new genome-wide association study of schizophrenia (11,260 cases and 24,542 controls), and through meta-analysis with existing data we identify 50 novel associated loci and 145 loci in total. Through integrating genomic fine-mapping with brain expression and chromosome conformation data, we identify candidate causal genes within 33 loci. We also show for the first time that the common variant association signal is highly enriched among genes that are under strong selective pressures. These findings provide new insights into the biology and genetic architecture of schizophrenia, highlight the importance of mutation-intolerant genes and suggest a mechanism by which common risk variants persist in the population.
1,259 citations
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University of Copenhagen1, Utrecht University2, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens3, University of Ulm4, University of Düsseldorf5, Imperial College London6, Umeå University7, Norwegian Institute of Public Health8, University of Oslo9, Karolinska Institutet10, Aarhus University11, Cancer Epidemiology Unit12, French Institute of Health and Medical Research13, Institut Gustave Roussy14, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute15, University of Washington16, University of Turin17
TL;DR: The meta-analyses showed a statistically significant association between risk for lung cancer and PM10 and PM2·5, and no association between lungcancer and nitrogen oxides concentration or traffic intensity on the nearest street.
Abstract: Summary Background Ambient air pollution is suspected to cause lung cancer. We aimed to assess the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and lung cancer incidence in European populations. Methods This prospective analysis of data obtained by the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Eff ects used data from 17 cohort studies based in nine European countries. Baseline addresses were geocoded and we assessed air pollution by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), less than 2·5 μm (PM2·5), and between 2·5 and 10 μm (PMcoarse), soot (PM2·5absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffi c indicators. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specifi c analyses and random eff ects models for meta-analyses. Findings The 312 944 cohort members contributed 4 013 131 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean 12·8 years), 2095 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed. The meta-analyses showed a statistically signifi cant association between risk for lung cancer and PM10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1·22 [95% CI 1·03–1·45] per 10 μg/m³). For PM2·5 the HR was 1·18 (0·96–1·46) per 5 μg/m³. The same increments of PM10 and PM2·5 were associated with HRs for adenocarcinomas of the lung of 1·51 (1·10–2·08) and 1·55 (1·05–2·29), respectively. An increase in road traffi c of 4000 vehicle-km per day within 100 m of the residence was associated with an HR for lung cancer of 1·09 (0·99–1·21). The results showed no association between lung cancer and nitrogen oxides concentration (HR 1·01 [0·95–1·07] per 20 μg/m³) or traffi c intensity on the nearest street (HR 1·00 [0·97–1·04] per 5000 vehicles per day).
1,257 citations
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TL;DR: Data suggest that obesity may be far more common and requires more urgent attention than what large epidemiological studies suggest, and simply relying on BMI to assess its prevalence could hinder future interventions aimed at obesity prevention and control.
Abstract: Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease. The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity has doubled since 1980 to an extent that nearly a third of the world's population is now classified as overweight or obese. Obesity rates have increased in all ages and both sexes irrespective of geographical locality, ethnicity or socioeconomic status, although the prevalence of obesity is generally greater in older persons and women. This trend was similar across regions and countries, although absolute prevalence rates of overweight and obesity varied widely. For some developed countries, the prevalence rates of obesity seem to have levelled off during the past few years. Body mass index (BMI) is typically used to define overweight and obesity in epidemiological studies. However, BMI has low sensitivity and there is a large inter-individual variability in the percent body fat for any given BMI value, partly attributed to age, sex, and ethnicity. For instance, Asians have greater percent body fat than Caucasians for the same BMI. Greater cardiometabolic risk has also been associated with the localization of excess fat in the visceral adipose tissue and ectopic depots (such as muscle and liver), as well as in cases of increased fat to lean mass ratio (e.g. metabolically-obese normal-weight). These data suggest that obesity may be far more common and requires more urgent attention than what large epidemiological studies suggest. Simply relying on BMI to assess its prevalence could hinder future interventions aimed at obesity prevention and control.
1,255 citations
Authors
Showing all 58387 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Michael Karin | 236 | 704 | 226485 |
Matthias Mann | 221 | 887 | 230213 |
Peer Bork | 206 | 697 | 245427 |
Ronald Klein | 194 | 1305 | 149140 |
Kenneth S. Kendler | 177 | 1327 | 142251 |
Dorret I. Boomsma | 176 | 1507 | 136353 |
Ramachandran S. Vasan | 172 | 1100 | 138108 |
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir | 167 | 444 | 121009 |
Mika Kivimäki | 166 | 1515 | 141468 |
Jun Wang | 166 | 1093 | 141621 |
Anders Björklund | 165 | 769 | 84268 |
Gerald I. Shulman | 164 | 579 | 109520 |
Jaakko Kaprio | 163 | 1532 | 126320 |
Veikko Salomaa | 162 | 843 | 135046 |
Daniel J. Jacob | 162 | 656 | 76530 |