University of Córdoba (Spain)

About: University of Córdoba (Spain) is a education organization based out in Cordova, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 12006 authors who have published 22998 publications receiving 537842 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Córdoba (Spain) & Universidad de Córdoba.

The Rise of Magnetically Recyclable Nanocatalysts

Abstract: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years, owing to their remarkably different and unique properties, which include a high surface area, easy recovery, and nanosize. The unique functional surface of MNPs allows the immobilization of homogeneous species, including metals, organoligands/organocatalysts, and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC). 2] Traditionally, in various catalytic processes, nanoparticles have been stabilized on the surface of various supports such as porous materials (e.g. silicates, zeolites, alumina, carbons, etc.), until recent developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology paved the way to the synthesis of magnetic nanocatalysts, which are often an excellent choice in heterogeneous catalysis. From a sustainable chemistry viewpoint, MNPs were initially employed as relevant alternatives to conventional inert supports, to facilitate catalyst separation and recovery using simple magnets. In this way, time-consuming and tedious filtration/separation/isolation protocols could be significantly simplified into a one/two-step method for the catalyst recovery and reuse (Scheme 1). Advances in the field of MNPs further expanded their potential into design of novel nanomaterials based on fundamental understanding. The design of MNPs involved a number of strategies such as surface modification, grafting, self-assembly, and nanocasting, which together offered significant new alternatives. These MNPs possess an important advantage compared to conventional supported systems: 1) versatility ; 2) ease and simplicity of separation; 3) improved catalyst reusability (more stable catalysts) and reduction of waste; 4) enhanced catalytic activities ; 5) different selectivities to products; 6) access to previously challenging chemistries (e.g. aqueous processes). 7] Various types of MNPs have also been developed in recent years for important catalytic applications. These include magnetite-supported organocatalysts, metal nanoparticles (Pd, Ni, Cu, Ni, Co, Au, etc.), NHC and chiral catalysts which have been extensively investigated in various organic transformations (Scheme 2 and 3). The advantages of these MNPs from the sustainable chemistry perspective are clear. Expensive and hardly reusable organoligands/organocatalysts can be

Citrulline Malate Enhances Athletic Anaerobic Performance and Relieves Muscle Soreness

Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of a single dose of citrulline malate (CM) on the performance of flat barbell bench presses as an anaerobic exercise and in terms of decreasing muscle soreness after exercise. Forty-one men performed 2 consecutive pectoral training session protocols (16 sets). The study was performed as a randomized, double-blind, 2-period crossover design. Eight grams of CM was used in 1 of the 2 training sessions, and a placebo was used in the other. The subjects' resistance was tested using the repetitions to fatigue test, at 80% of their predetermined 1 repetition maximum (RM), in the 8 sets of flat barbell bench presses during the pectoral training session (S1-4 and S1'-4'). The p-value was 0.05. The number of repetitions showed a significant increase from placebo treatment to CM treatment from the third set evaluated (p <0.0001). This increase was positively correlated with the number of sets, achieving 52.92% more repetitions and the 100% of response in the last set (S4'). A significant decrease of 40% in muscle soreness at 24 hours and 48 hours after the pectoral training session and a higher percentage response than 90% was achieved with CM supplementation. The only side effect reported was a feeling of stomach discomfort in 14.63% of the subjects. We conclude that the use of CM might be useful to increase athletic performance in high-intensity anaerobic exercises with short rest times and to relieve postexercise muscle soreness. Thus, athletes undergoing intensive preparation involving a high level of training or in competitive events might profit from CM.

Curcumin reduces renal damage associated with rhabdomyolysis by decreasing ferroptosis-mediated cell death

Abstract: Acute kidney injury is a common complication of rhabdomyolysis. A better understanding of this syndrome may be useful to identify novel therapeutic targets because there is no specific treatment so far. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated nonapoptotic cell death that is involved in renal injury. In this study, we investigated whether ferroptosis is associated with rhabdomyolysis-mediated renal damage, and we studied the therapeutic effect of curcumin, a powerful antioxidant with renoprotective properties. Induction of rhabdomyolysis in mice increased serum creatinine levels, endothelial damage, inflammatory chemokines, and cytokine expression, alteration of redox balance (increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant defenses), and tubular cell death. Treatment with curcumin initiated before or after rhabdomyolysis induction ameliorated all these pathologic and molecular alterations. Although apoptosis or receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3-mediated necroptosis were activated in rhabdomyolysis, our results suggest a key role of ferroptosis. Thus, treatment with ferrostatin 1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, improved renal function in glycerol-injected mice, whereas no beneficial effects were observed with the pan-caspase inhibitor carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-(O-methyl)-fluoromethylketone or in RIPK3-deficient mice. In cultured renal tubular cells, myoglobin (Mb) induced ferroptosis-sensitive cell death that was also inhibited by curcumin. Mechanistic in vitro studies showed that curcumin reduced Mb-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB axis and activating the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase 1. Our findings are the first to demonstrate the involvement of ferroptosis in rhabdomyolysis-associated renal damage and its sensitivity to curcumin treatment. Therefore, curcumin may be a potential therapeutic approach for patients with this syndrome.-Guerrero-Hue, M., Garcia-Caballero, C., Palomino-Antolin, A., Rubio-Navarro, A., Vazquez-Carballo, C., Herencia, C., Martin-Sanchez, D., Farre-Alins, V., Egea, J., Cannata, P., Praga, M., Ortiz, A., Egido, J., Sanz, A. B., Moreno, J. A. Curcumin reduces renal damage associated with rhabdomyolysis by decreasing ferroptosis-mediated cell death.