University of Córdoba (Spain)

About: University of Córdoba (Spain) is a education organization based out in Cordova, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 12006 authors who have published 22998 publications receiving 537842 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Córdoba (Spain) & Universidad de Córdoba.

Requirement for testicular macrophages in Leydig cell proliferation and differentiation during prepubertal development in rats.

Abstract: Testicular macrophages in rats were selectively depleted by an intratesticular injection of liposomes containing dichloromethylene diphosphonate into the right testis to study the possible role of these macrophages during the prepubertal development of Leydig cells. The contralateral testes were injected with 0.9% NaCl and served as controls. The animals were injected with the liposomes and NaCl at 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 days of age. In macrophage-depleted testes, Leydig cell development was inhibited in the animals injected at 5, 10 or 15 days of age. At 35 days of age, the testis was repopulated with macrophages and Leydig cells also developed. Rats treated at 20 or 25 days of age, when Leydig cells were already present in low numbers, did not show any further increases in the number of Leydig cells up to 35 days of age. To study whether the effects of gonadotrophins on Leydig cell development require the presence of macrophages, 21-day-old rats, injected 3 days before with liposomes (right testis) and NaCl (left testis), were treated with 75 iu human FSH kg-1 bodymass day-1, 10 iu hCG per rat day-1, combined hFSH and hCG, or vehicle (PBS with 0.5% BSA) for 6 days. Treatment with hCG induced a sevenfold increase in the number of Leydig cells in the left (macrophage-containing) testis, whereas no increase was found in the right (macrophage-depleted) testis. These results indicate that macrophages are needed for Leydig cell development and for the Leydig cell response to hCG during postnatal maturation.

Weighted Data Gravitation Classification for Standard and Imbalanced Data

Abstract: Gravitation is a fundamental interaction whose concept and effects applied to data classification become a novel data classification technique. The simple principle of data gravitation classification (DGC) is to classify data samples by comparing the gravitation between different classes. However, the calculation of gravitation is not a trivial problem due to the different relevance of data attributes for distance computation, the presence of noisy or irrelevant attributes, and the class imbalance problem. This paper presents a gravitation-based classification algorithm which improves previous gravitation models and overcomes some of their issues. The proposed algorithm, called DGC+, employs a matrix of weights to describe the importance of each attribute in the classification of each class, which is used to weight the distance between data samples. It improves the classification performance by considering both global and local data information, especially in decision boundaries. The proposal is evaluated and compared to other well-known instance-based classification techniques, on 35 standard and 44 imbalanced data sets. The results obtained from these experiments show the great performance of the proposed gravitation model, and they are validated using several nonparametric statistical tests.

Expression of adhesion molecules and ligands for activating and costimulatory receptors involved in cell-mediated cytotoxicity in a large panel of human melanoma cell lines

Abstract: Knowledge of the interactions between MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic effector cells and solid tumour cells is essential for introducing more effective NK cell-based immunotherapy protocols into clinical practise. Here, to begin to obtain an overview of the possible universe of molecules that could be involved in the interactions between immune effector cells and melanoma, we analyse the surface expression of adhesion and costimulatory molecules and of ligands for NK-activating receptors on a large panel of cell lines from the “European Searchable Tumour Cell Line and Data Bank” (ESTDAB, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/estdab/ ) and discuss their potential role in the immune response against this tumour. We show that most melanoma cell lines express not only adhesion molecules that are likely to favour their interaction with cells of the immune system, but also their interaction with endothelial cells potentially increasing their invasiveness and metastatic capacity. A high percentage of melanoma cell lines also express ligands for the NK-activating receptor NKG2D; whereas, the majority express MICA/B molecules, ULBP expression, however, was rarely found. In addition to these molecules, we also found that CD155 (poliovirus receptor, PVR) is expressed by the majority of melanoma cell lines, whereas CD112 (Nectin-2) expression was rare. These molecules are DNAM-1 ligands, a costimulatory molecule involved in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine production that also mediates costimulatory signals for triggering naive T cell differentiation. The phenotypical characterisation of adhesion molecules and ligands for receptors involved in cell cytotoxicity on a large series of melanoma cell lines will contribute to the identification of markers useful for the development of new immunotherapy strategies.

Spatial patterns of soil pathogens in declining Mediterranean forests: implications for tree species regeneration

Abstract: Summary • Soil-borne pathogens are a key component of the belowground community because of the significance of their ecological and socio-economic impacts. However, very little is known about the complexity of their distribution patterns in natural systems. Here, we explored the patterns, causes and ecological consequences of spatial variability in pathogen abundance in Mediterranean forests affected by oak decline. • We used spatially explicit neighborhood models to predict the abundance of soil-borne pathogen species (Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium spiculum and Pythium spp.) as a function of local abiotic conditions (soil texture) and the characteristics of the tree and shrub neighborhoods (species composition, size and health status). The implications of pathogen abundance for tree seedling performance were explored by conducting a sowing experiment in the same locations in which pathogen abundance was quantified. • Pathogen abundance in the forest soil was not randomly distributed, but exhibited spatially predictable patterns influenced by both abiotic and, particularly, biotic factors (tree and shrub species). Pathogen abundance reduced seedling emergence and survival, but not in all sites or tree species. • Our findings suggest that heterogeneous spatial patterns of pathogen abundance at fine spatial scale can be important for the dynamics and restoration of declining Mediterranean forests.