Showing papers by "University of Costa Rica published in 1970"
91 citations
TL;DR: Alterations in systolic phase duration occurring with maturation reflect the normal functional adaptation of the developing heart.
Abstract: The duration of the systolic phases of the cardiac cycle in 390 normal children was determined from high-speed simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, apexcardiogram, and carotid pulse. Data were obtained on children 1 mo to 13 years of age and analyzed to define the independent effects of aging and heart rate on the systolic intervals. Electromechanical systole (Q-II) was found to prolong with increasing age in children with the same heart rate. Pre-ejection period was also prolonged in older children and occupied an increased percentage of total systole. The interval from onset of contraction to first sound varied inversely with heart rate and was independent of age. Electromechanical delay and isometric contraction time were directly related to age and independent of rate. Ejection time varied directly with age and inversely with heart rate but occupied a smaller percentage of systole in older children. Alterations in systolic phase duration occurring with maturation reflect ...
59 citations
TL;DR: The present study consists of the life history and behavior of a primitively social halictine bee Lasioglossum umbripenne, conducted on the southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica, which generally lives one year, the workers about a month, and the males less then two weeks.
Abstract: The present study consists of the life history and behavior of a primitively social halictine bee Lasioglossum umbripenne. The work was conducted 15 km north of Quepos (200 meters altitude) on the southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The bees are active only during the dry season, January through April. The colonies contain well established worker and reproductive castes, the queen being easily differentiated from the others by her larger size. Cells destined to produce queens differ from those that produce workers and males in the size and shape of the food mass and in cell dimensions. The nests are burrows in the ground, normally with only one queen. In founding the nest, the queen digs a burrow 8 to 15 cm deep and constructs from one to six cells, one each night, which she provisions the follow ing morning. Provisioning requires five pollen collecting trips. An egg is laid upon the mass, now in the form of a small sphere, and the cell is then dosed. The queen keeps the entrance of the nest well sealed with soil at all times except in the morning when she is working or feeding. After preparing and provisioning all the cells, she ceases her activities and waits until the progeny reach maturity. The development from egg to adult requires 22 days and the progeny emerge mostly as workers. From this time on, the nest is continually active and the workers deepen the nest and provision other cells while the queen provides each with an egg. Many workers can also lay eggs; in fact, almost 50 per cent of the population showed ovarian development. Occasionally fertilized workers are also found. The flight range of these bees is a cirde of about 100 meters around their nests. From January through April the nests become progressively deeper and more complicated, with additional branching and looping. The bee population and the number of cells likewise increase from month to month. The queen generally lives one year, the workers about a month, and the males less then two weeks. During the months of activity of the colony the queen is never replaced. She lays an egg a day (rarely two). Males are produced throughout the existence of the colony, but an appreciable number was never observed except at the end of April. This peak in the male popula tion is correlated with the production of new queens and marks the end of the colony's existence. The new queens soon mate with the males and then leave the nesting area. Meanwhile all the workers and males die and the nests are abandoned. Not until the beginning of the dry season will the new fertilized queens reappear to begin another cycle.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relation of the admission average components (secondary average grade and Academic Aptitude Test) to the academic performance of the first year students at University of Costa Rica in the first semester of studies, by controlling the possible influences, because of genre of the student and the public or private condition of provenance school.
Abstract: En el siguiente articulo se estudio la relacion de los componentes del promedio de admision (nota de presentacion de secundaria y Prueba de Aptitud Academica) con el rendimiento academico del primer semestre de estudios de los estudiantes de primer ingreso en la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) controlando las posibles influencias, debido al genero del estudiante y a la condicion publico o privado del colegio de procedencia. Esto se realizo mediante el uso de modelos de regresion aplicados a 4,658 estudiantes de primer ingreso de la cohorte del 2008. En los modelos planteados se obtuvo que un 18,6% de la variabilidad del logro academico universitario se debe a los componentes del promedio de admision, al genero y al colegio de procedencia, ademas se mostro que las mujeres obtienen un rendimiento academico mas alto que los hombres y que los estudiantes de colegios privados presentan un mejor rendimiento que los provenientes de colegios publicos. Asimismo, se evidencio que las analogias no son un componente de esta prueba que sea significativo en la explicacion del rendimiento academico del primer semestre, contrario a la nota de presentacion y a las demas partes de la prueba, que si resultaron significativas. It was studied in the following paper the relation of the admission average components (secondary average grade and Academic Aptitude Test) to the academic performance of the first year students at University of Costa Rica in the first semester of studies, by controlling the possible influences, because of genre of the student and the public or private condition of provenance school. This was performed by using regression models applied to 4,658 first year students of the cohort from 2008. It was obtained from the three proposed models that 18,6 % of the variability of the college academic achievement is due to of the admission average components, genre and provenance school, also, women obtain a higher academic performance than men and the students from private secondary school show a better performance than those students from public schools. Furthermore, it was evidenced that analogies from Entrance Examination of University of Costa Rica are not a component that could be significant in the explanation of the academic performance for the first semester, on the contrary, those who resulted as a significant component were the average grade and the other parts of the Test.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a description of the portfolio as a tool to evaluate teachers and students performances in higher education and present a reflection about the importance of portfolios in teachers and student evaluation.
Abstract: El ensayo presenta una descripcion del portafolio como herramienta para evaluar, tanto desempenos docentes como estudiantiles en Educacion Superior, ademas de una reflexion sobre su importancia para la evaluacion de docentes y estudiantes. El escrito desarrolla una vision particular sobre el portafolio, su constitucion y usos, enfocandose en su valor en el marco de la evaluacion. Se elabora como un aporte para la reflexion y las ideas en didactica evaluativa y, por ende, para el mejoramiento de la docencia universitaria. Se incluye una rubrica como propuesta para calificar el portafolio. La conclusion principal radica en el rol del portafolio para la evaluacion universitaria de docentes y estudiantes. This paper presents a description of the portfolio as a tool to evaluate teachers and students performances in higher education. Besides, it presents a reflection about the importance of portfolios in teachers and students evaluation. The document develops a particular vision about the portfolio, its constitution and uses, focusing in its value in the outline of the evaluation. It is elaborated as a contribution to the reflection and the ideas about evaluative didactics and consequently, for the improvement of the university teaching. A rubric is included as a proposal to evaluate the portfolio. The main conclusion consists in the role of the portfolio for the evaluation of university teachers and students.
17 citations
TL;DR: The Entamoeba histolytica antigens prepared from axenic cultures of the organism gave highly sensitive and good specific serological results when used in the indirect hemagglutination technique on a series of individuals.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors made a summary of documents about the history of technologies to support people with disabilities and its specific uses of TIC to attend people with intellectual disabilities, and presented a description of alternative public domain software and web sites available on line considered suitable for teaching.
Abstract: El presente ensayo se basa en un trabajo realizado como requisito para el curso Tecnologia Asistiva para la Diversidad de Usuarios, del programa de Doctorado Psicologia Evolutiva, Aprendizaje y Educacion, de la Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, durante el segundo semestre del 2009. El estudio hace una recopilacion documental sobre la historia de la tecnologia al servicio de poblacion con discapacidad y el uso especifico de las TIC en la atencion de las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Ademas, se presenta una descripcion de software alternativos de dominio publico y sitios Web disponibles en la internet considerados idoneos por su funcionalidad pedagogica, calidad en el entorno audiovisual, cantidad de los dispositivos multimedia presentes, el nivel de accesibilidad para los usuarios y el grado de motivacion y atractivo que presenta para mantener la curiosidad, atencion e interes necesarios para la atencion pedagogica de esta poblacion estudiantil. This paper is based on a work carried out as a request for the course of Support Technologies for users' diversity, of Evolutionary Psychology Doctoral Program of University Autonomous of Madrid, during the second semester 2009. The paper makes a summary of documents about the history of technologies to support people with disabilities and its specific uses of TIC to attend people with intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, it presents a description of alternative public domain software and web sites available on line considered suitable for teaching because of its visual environment quality, quantity of multimedia devices, the level for users accessibility and the motivation and attractiveness to maintaining curiosity, attention and interest for the education of this student population.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an extensive literature review on learning calculus in the field of engineering, from the proposal by Honey-Alonso on the existence of four learning styles, namely active, reflective, theoretical and pragmatic.
Abstract: Cada estudiante posee un estilo de aprendizaje predominante, que el docente lo conozca puede contribuir para que sus estudiantes logren alcanzar un mayor nivel de aprendizaje. Este aprendizaje se ve influido por las caracteristicas cognitivas de las disciplinas y, como es el caso de las matematicas y del calculo, estas no estan claramente delimitadas. Para los estudiantes de Ingenieria, el calculo juega un papel fundamental en su formacion profesional, de modo que es importante considerar los aspectos cognitivos del aprendizaje de las matematicas y el papel que juegan los estilos de aprendizaje. Por lo anterior, el presente ensayo es el resultado de una exhaustiva revision bibliografica sobre este tema, a partir de la propuesta planteada por Honey-Alonso sobre la existencia de cuatro estilos de aprendizaje, a saber: activo, reflexivo, teorico y pragmatico, se considera su impacto en el aprendizaje del calculo para Ingenieria. Each student has a dominant learning style. If the teacher knows his / her students´ learning styles, this knowledge can contribute to students´ greater achievements. The learning is influenced by the cognitive characteristics of the disciplines, which is the case of subject matters such as mathematics and calculus, which are not clearly defined. For engineering students, calculus plays a major role in their professional training, so it is important to consider the cognitive aspects of learning mathematics and the role of learning styles. Therefore, this article is the result of an extensive literature review on this subject, from the proposal by Honey-Alonso on the existence of four learning styles, namely active, reflective, theoretical and pragmatic, and their impact on learning calculus in the field of engineering.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a meeting area with different theories and approaches, including the multiple intelligences, competences, the social constructivist, through didactic situations that depart from reality.
Abstract: En un mundo tan complejo como el actual, el modelo educativo debe enfrentar el reto de educar, respetando la individualidad, sin que esto signifique sacrificar la colectividad, ni viceversa; con la finalidad de potenciar la capacidad de aprender a pensar por parte del educando, de manera que este pueda responder a las demandas de su entorno. Para lograr esto, se requiere construir un area de encuentro entre distintas teorias y enfoques, que incluya a las inteligencias multiples, el socio-constructivismo y el enfoque por competencias, a traves de situaciones didacticas que partan de la realidad. En el presente ensayo se presentan dos ejemplos posibles dentro de esta area de encuentro. In a world as complex as the current, the educational model must face the challenge of educating, respecting individuality, without this means sacrificing the community, or vice versa, with the aim of enhancing the ability to learn to think by the student, so that it can respond to the demands of their environment. To achieve this requires building a meeting area with different theories and approaches, including the multiple intelligences, competences, the social constructivist, through didactic situations that depart from reality. In this essay are two possible examples in this area to meet.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the existence of confrontations and conflicts between students, involving threats, manifestations of exclusion, persecuciones e intimidaciones among children.
Abstract: El presente articulo es producto de un proceso de investigacion realizado en una escuela de la Direccion Regional de Educacion de Occidente, en Costa Rica. Este tiene como fin determinar si durante el desarrollo de los recreos se suscitan manifestaciones de violencia implicitas u ocultas entre las y los estudiantes II Ciclo de la Educacion General Basica. En el proceso del estudio se tomaron en cuenta aspectos relacionados con las actividades ludicas y las interacciones personales desarrolladas durante los recreos escolares y que podrian propiciar violencia escolar implicita u oculta. Se procuro identificar la existencia de enfrentamientos y conflictos entre estudiantes, que conllevan amenazas, manifestaciones de exclusion, persecuciones e intimidaciones entre las y los ninos. Se plantearon algunas conclusiones entre las que destacan que un alto porcentaje de la poblacion estudiantil investigada manifiesta recibir amenazas, y que estas, en mayor numero, se producen entre las ninas. Asimismo, un alto porcentaje de esta poblacion estudiada indica que ha sido excluida en la dinamica del recreo por diferentes motivos, entre los que destacan: caracteristicas fisicas, genero, condicion social y situaciones particulares educativas que presentan algunos ninos o ninas en edad escolar. his article is the product of a research process carried out in a school at Direccion Regional de Occidente (Western Regional Bureau of Education), in Costa Rica. This is intended to determine if during the development of school recesses manifestations of violence, implied or hidden, arise among the students of II Cycle of the General Basic Education. The process of the study took into account aspects related to recreational activities and personal interactions developed in school recess and that could lead to implied or hidden school violence or bullying. It was aimed to identify the existence of confrontations and conflicts between students, involving threats, manifestations of exclusion, persecution and intimidation among children. Some findings were obtained, among the most relevant that a high percentage of the student population under study manifests receiving threats, and that them, in greater numbers, occur among girls. Also, a high percentage of this studied population states that they have been excluded in the dynamic of the recess for various motives, among them: physical characteristics, gender, social status and particular educational situations that present some children.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of the investigation done on the year 2011, which objective was to measure the attitude towards diversity the students had during their first year in the School for Teacher Training (Escuela de Formacion Docente) in the University of Costa Rica Therefore, the Liker "ACTDIV Scale" was created.
Abstract: El presente articulo expone los resultados de la investigacion realizada en el ano 2011, cuyo objetivo fue medir las actitudes hacia la diversidad que presenta el estudiantado de primer ingreso de la Escuela de Formacion Docente, Universidad de Costa Rica Se creo una Escala tipo Likert denominada “Escala ACTDIV” La revision teorica permitio definir que la diversidad se conceptualiza desde la diferencia humana y se presenta en la cotidianidad, en las relaciones que se dan con los otros, quienes a su vez determinan la diferencia El constructo latente denominado diversidad se explico a partir de las diferencias humanas existentes en los aspectos personales, culturales y cognitivos, siendo estos ultimos los subconstructos Por otra parte, la Escala ACTDIV midio en el estudiantado de primer ingreso la actitud a la diversidad mediante dos categorias llamadas “Sensibles a la diversidad” en el cual se ubicaron el 86% de las personas consultadas que desean conocer y aprender de las diferencias existentes en las personas y “Mi mundo”, con un 14% que valoran de manera egocentrica y hegemonica la realidad social This paper presents the results of the investigation done on the year 2011, which objective was to measure the attitude towards diversity the students had during their first year in the School for Teacher Training (Escuela de Formacion Docente) in the University of Costa Rica Therefore, the Liker “ACTDIV Scale” was created The theoretical revisions defined that diversity is conceptualized from human differences, and it is present every day in the relationships with other people, whom at the same time, determine the difference The latent construct denominated diversity was explained through existing human differences in the personal, cultural and cognitive aspects, this last one being the subconstruct Furthermore, the ACTDIV scale measured the attitude towards diversity in first year students, in a bipolar way, through two categories called “Sensible to diversity”, where 86% of the consulted persons, desire to know and learn the existing differences between persons; and “My world”, with 14%, who value in an egocentric and hegemonic way the social reality
TL;DR: In this article, a proceso de investigación realizado in una escuela de la Direccion Regional de Educación Occidente (DREO) was conducted to determine whether en el intervalo de los recreos de a escala en estudio, se suscitaban manifestaciones de violencia escolar explicita entre estudiantes.
Abstract: Este articulo es producto de un proceso de investigacion realizado en una escuela de la Direccion Regional de Educacion Occidente. Su finalidad fue determinar si en el intervalo de los recreos de la escuela en estudio, se suscitaban manifestaciones de violencia escolar explicita entre estudiantes de IV, V y VI ano del II Ciclo de la Educacion General Basica. Durante el desarrollo del estudio, se tomaron en cuenta aspectos relacionados con las actividades ludicas y las interacciones personales que se presentaban en estos espacios escolares. Sobre todo, los que podrian propiciar violencia escolar explicita; los mecanismos de prevencion y estrategias empleadas por la escuela para contrarrestar la violencia escolar; tambien el nivel de integracion del personal docente y administrativo de la escuela durante el periodo de los recreos. Asimismo, se plantearon algunas conclusiones entre las que destacan que un alto porcentaje de ninos y ninas manifiesta que existen enfrentamientos entre estudiantes, durante el desarrollo de los recreos, y que estos se perciben a traves de comportamientos de violencia tanto fisica como verbal. Las manifestaciones de violencia mas comunes son peleas, golpes asi como el uso de un lenguaje soez y ofensivo. Los motivos de los enfrentamientos varian segun el nivel escolar entre el estudiantado. Los mecanismos empleados por la escuela para contrarrestar la violencia que se suscita durante los recreos, se basan en el uso de procedimientos sancionadores y la aplicacion de medidas preventivas.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a conceptual background and propose a possible path that could be followed by the University of Costa Rica (UCR) in order to promote inter and transdisciplinarity in higher education, including the creation of new transdisciplinary careers.
Abstract: Se presentan en este ensayo fundamentos conceptuales que sirven de referencia y dan sustento a la propuesta de un posible camino que la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) podria seguir para promover la inter y transdisciplinariedad en la docencia, incluyendo lineamientos para la creacion de nuevas carreras transdisciplinares (UCR). El objetivo es que la UCR pueda responder, tal como lo estan haciendo las universidades mas innovadoras en el mundo, al reto de transitar desde la fragmentacion disciplinar hacia una vision transdisciplinar en la investigacion, y la accion social, pero sobre todo en la docencia universitaria. This essay presents a conceptual background and proposes a possible path that could be followed by the University of Costa Rica (UCR) in order to promote inter and transdisciplinarity in higher education, including the creation of new transdisciplinary careers. The ultimate goal is that UCR can face the challenge - as other universities around the world are – of evolving from a fragmented disciplinary organization, towards a transdisciplinary mindset in research, outreach, and mainly education.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of the student evaluation conducted to the faculty professors who work at the San Ramon branch of the University of Costa Rica during the first cycle of 2011, and find that there is a positive linear correlation between the average grade earned by students in the courses and the average score received by teachers.
Abstract: Este articulo es producto de la evaluacion que estudiantes realizaron al cuerpo docente que labora en la Sede de Occidente, Universidad de Costa Rica. Se muestran los resultados de la evaluacion docente que hacen un total de 4817 estudiantes, distribuidos en 348 grupos, en el primer ciclo de 2011. Doscientos cuatro docentes (119 varones y 85 mujeres) fueron evaluados por medio de un cuestionario. Se encontro que existe una correlacion positiva lineal entre dos variables cuantitativas: la nota promedio que obtienen los estudiantes en los cursos y la calificacion promedio que reciben los docentes. Esto significa que existe la probabilidad de que conforme se incrementa la nota promedio por grupo, la evaluacion docente mejora y viceversa. Para el Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, los estudiantes obtienen las notas promedio mas bajas en los cursos (7,1 ± 1,69) y de igual forma los docentes reciben en promedio las calificaciones mas bajas (8,5 ± 1,25). En el otro extremo, se ubican los Departamentos de Educacion y Filosofia, Artes y Letras en donde estudiantes y docentes reciben las mejores calificaciones (9,1 y 9,2 respectivamente). Una calificacion intermedia corresponde a los docentes que laboran en el Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y en el Sistema de Educacion General (8,7 y 8,8 respectivamente). Los autores recomiendan una forma de evaluacion mas integral; de estimulo y mejora en el proceso ensenanza-aprendizaje, que considere otros ambitos del espacio de trabajo y de la labor docente. This article is the result of the student evaluation conducted to the faculty professors who work at the San Ramon branch of the University of Costa Rica. The results of 4817 student evaluations, distributed in 348 groups, are shown during the first cycle of 2011. Two hundred and four faculty professors (119 males and 85 females) were assessed by using a questionnaire. The study found that there is a positive linear correlation between two quantitative variables: the average grade earned by students in the courses and the average score received by teachers. This means that there is a probability that as the average grade per group increases, the faculty evaluation improves, and vice versa. In the Department of Natural Sciences, students earn the lowest average grades in the courses (7.1 ± 1.69); similarly, faculty professors obtain averaged lower scores (8.5 ± 1.25). At the other end, there are other departments like the Departments of Philosophy, Arts and Letters, and the Department of Education where students and faculty members get the best scores (8.3 and 9.2 respectively). In the same way, an intermediate rating corresponds to the professors working in the Department of Social Sciences and the General Education System. The authors recommend a more integrated method of assessment: one which fosters encouragement and improvement in the teaching-learning process, and that takes into account other areas of the workspace as well as the teaching responsibilities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest the use of social network theory for educational research, initially noting the origin and definition of Social Network Theory, then presents three examples of social analysis in social research in general.
Abstract: El articulo tiene como principal objetivo sugerir la utilizacion de la Teoria de Redes Sociales para la investigacion educativa. Para ello, inicialmente se senala el origen y la definicion de la Teoria de Redes Sociales; despues, se presentan tres ejemplos de analisis de redes sociales en la investigacion social. Por ultimo, se proponen algunos lineamientos para utilizar la Teoria de Redes Sociales en la investigacion educativa. The article's main objective is to suggest the use of Social Network Theory for educational research. To do this, initially noting the origin and definition of Social Network Theory, then presents three examples of social network analysis in social research in general. Finally we propose some guidelines for using social network theory in educational research.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this article, a study on socio-educational research logic, focusing on the essential elements of research designs, but especially on the relations between those elements, which denote the most important requirements for the research design in the inquiry about educational phenomena, is presented.
Abstract: This paper is a study on socio-educational research logic, focusing on the essential elements of research designs, but especially on the relations between those elements, which denote the most important requirements for the research design in the inquiry about educational phenomena. In the first part we discuss the formal levels of socio-educational research, with special emphasis on the philosophical, scientific and technical elements of research logic. Subsequently, we propose the concept of relationality as a coordinating approach to address the logic of research, and establish an integrated approach of the different levels that make up the research process and also a research framework based on the relational conception of educational phenomenon.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an inquiry into essential conditions for a Montessori education, in three realms: (1) evolutionary characteristics of childhood-in-context; (2) a scientifically prepared existential environment, to act interactively towards the learning-education-development of potentialities; (3) a system for the transformation of educators, with emphasis on a disposition towards the empathic apprehension of childhood, a complexity approach, self-observation and a planetary and species evolutionary perspective.
Abstract: Algunas practicas montessorianas parecen pasar por alto y ser contradictorias con el sentido original de sus escritos. El presente articulo se pregunta sobre principios esenciales de la educacion montessoriana, tomando como perspectiva sus propios escritos, a la luz del paradigma de la Complejidad. Los resultados de la indagacion se organizan desde una perspectiva sistemica: (1) descubrimientos sobre la ninez en los contextos propiciados; (2) la relevancia de la educacion como diseno cultural; (3) una formacion de educadores y educadoras que enfatiza tanto la complejidad como una disposicion a la comprension empatica de la ninez, la auto-observacion y una perspectiva evolutiva planetaria y de la especie. Se vinculan los conceptos con las corrientes de pensamiento historico-cultural y desde el paradigma de la complejidad. Como resultados, destacan como actuales los ideales de solidaridad y comunidad de aprendices, el papel de la observacion y el respeto por los ciclos de actividad o flujo propuestos por Montessori, asi como su conviccion de que la evolucion de la humanidad, aun incompleta, ha de ser conducida, transdisciplinariamente, en la linea de una evolucion cultural consciente, particularmente urgente ante el mundo de las tecnologias de informacion y comunicacion (TICs) hoy. The present article involves an inquiry into essential conditions for a Montessori education, in three realms: (1) evolutionary characteristics of childhood-in-context; (2) a “scientifically” prepared existential environment, to act interactively towards the learning-education-development of potentialities; (3) a system for the transformation of educators, with emphasis on a disposition towards the empathic apprehension of childhood, a complexity approach, self-observation and a planetary and species evolutionary perspective. In order to relate her concepts with mainstream educational theory, links are made to cultural-historical concepts and a Complexity perspective. As results, ideals of solidarity, a nurturing perspective, the role of observation and of respect for activity cycles and concentration are stressed as particularly pertinent in the world of TICs today, as well as her belief that the evolution of humanity is yet incomplete and it is our due to collaborate with it—a position that she shares with current evolutionists
TL;DR: In this paper, an ensayo expone que the audiencia is the punto de partida for identifying the mejor manera de disenar experiencias sensoriales de entretenimiento or educacion, is the objeto of la investigacion museal, sus gustos e intereses se constituye en el eje de los estudios and de las campanas de mercado.
Abstract: Resumen: Este ensayo expone que la audiencia es el punto de partida para identificar la mejor manera de disenar experiencias sensoriales de entretenimiento o educacion, es el objeto de la investigacion museal, sus gustos e intereses se constituye en el eje de los estudios y de las campanas de mercado. Todo el quehacer museal se orienta a satisfacer los gustos y necesidades del sujeto-visitante para asi atraerlo al Museo. Este nuevo enfoque museologico tiene el riesgo de olvidar el objeto en el proceso educativo y centrarse en el sujeto. Se propone la promocion del dialogo sujeto-objeto para que la funcion educativa del Museo contribuya a la conformacion de una sociedad con conciencia historica-cultural clara. Se concluye que, en las primeras decadas del Siglo XXI los diferentes enfoques de la sociomuselogia, la museografia interactiva, la museologia critica y dialogica, asi como los ejes de cambio generados por las innovaciones tecnologicas, las dinamicas de consumo y las comunidades de aprendizaje, apuntan a que la audiencia es el centro de atencion, y no el objeto y la forma de ser expuesto como lo fue en el Siglo XX. Palabras clave: MUSEOLOGIA, MERCADEO, MUSEOGRAFIA, NUEVAS TECNOLOGIAS.
TL;DR: CyberL@bKids as discussed by the authors is a digital platform designed for teaching and learning English according to the curriculum of the Ministry of Education in Costa Rica, which was created by researchers at the University of Costa Rica (UCR) to meet the needs of I and II Cycle of public education in the area of English.
Abstract: This paper makes an analysis of the literature that supports the creation and implementation of CyberL@bKids. CyberL@bKids is a digital platform designed for teaching and learning English according to the curriculum of the Ministry of Education in Costa Rica. It was created by researchers at the University of Costa Rica (UCR), in order to meet the needs of I and II Cycle of public education in the area of English. The design and structure of this digital platform are student-centered. Within this paper, there is a description of the representative colors and characters for each grade (1st to 6th), examples of interactive activities, samples of the presentation of vocabulary, illustrations of the presentation of grammatical structures in context, and examples of the integration of skills, among others. The literature emphasizes the use of meaningful learning strategies, task-based and contentbased teaching methods for the teaching and learning of English as a foreign through the integration of technology (ICT). This platform was piloted by the Ministry of Education for a year, and since 2012, CyberL@bKids is used by all primary schools in the country. Este ensayo hace un analisis de la literatura que sustenta la creacion e implementacion de CyberL@bKids. CyberL@bKids es una plataforma digital disenada para la ensenanza y aprendizaje del ingles de acuerdo al curriculo del Ministerio de Educacion de Costa Rica. La misma fue creada por investigadores de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), con el proposito de cumplir con las necesidades de la educacion del I y II Ciclo de Educacion Publica en el area de ingles. El diseno y la estructura de esta plataforma digital estan centrados en el estudiante. Dentro de este ensayo se describe los colores y personajes representativos para cada grado (primero a sexto grado), ejemplos de actividades interactivas, muestras de la presentacion del vocabulario, de las estructuras gramaticales en contexto, y de la integracion de destrezas, entre otros. La literatura enfatiza la utilizacion de estrategias de aprendizaje significativas y metodos de ensenanza basado en tareas y en contenidos autenticos para la ensenanza y el aprendizaje del ingles como lengua extranjera mediada por las TIC. Esta plataforma fue piloteada por el Ministerio de Educacion por un ano, y a partir del ano 2012, es utilizada por todas las escuelas primarias del pais.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of the 2005 Conferencia de fondo en el Congreso Internacional de Investigación Educativa (CIFE) in Costa Rica.
Abstract: Conferencia de fondo en el Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Educativa: “Investigar para transformar” Instituto de Investigacion en Educacion-Universidad de Costa Rica, COSTA RICA. 3 de febrero de 2005.
TL;DR: In this article, the adaptation of the Scale of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (IECA) was presented in a group of children of school age in the canton of Montes de Oca San Jose, Costa Rica.
Abstract: Este articulo presenta la adaptacion de la Escala de Empatia para ninos y adolescentes (IECA) de Bryant, B. en su version al castellano en un grupo de ninos y ninas de edad escolar del Canton de Montes de Oca en San Jose, Costa Rica. Este instrumento es de auto-reporte y mide la respuesta empatica a partir de una serie de enunciados redactados de manera neutra o donde el protagonista de la accion es de sexo femenino o masculino. Los participantes fueron 444 ninos y ninas, 232 varones y 212 mujeres, con edades entre 10 y 12 anos. Se utilizo el analisis estadistico de los datos para obtener criterios de confiabilidad de los resultados. Este instrumento es de alta divulgacion a nivel internacional, pero no asi en Costa Rica, de alli la importancia de evaluarlo con poblacion nacional. Con este estudio se confirma que el IECA (version castellana) es un instrumento confiable en la evaluacion de la respuesta empatica, de importancia en el desarrollo de comportamientos prosociales, por lo que se recomienda su utilizacion. This paper presents the adaptation of the Scale of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (IECA) Bryant, B. in the Spanish version in a group of children of school age in the canton of Montes de Oca San Jose, Costa Rica. This instrument is self-reported and measured the empathic response from a series of statements written in a neutral or where the protagonist of the action is female or male. Participants were 444 children, 232 men and 212 women, aged between 10 and 12. Statistical analysis was used to obtain data reliability criteria of the results. This instrument is of high international dissemination, but not in Costa Rica, from there to evaluate the importance of national population. This study confirms that ACE inhibitors (Spanish version) is a reliable tool in the evaluation of the empathic response, important in the development of prosocial behavior, so its use is recommended.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the relationship between family environment and empathic response as perceived by the children and find statistically significant results for the variable authoritative style and sex as variables that best explain the empathic responses of the children.
Abstract: El presente articulo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados de una investigacion que estudio la relacion entre clima familiar y la respuesta empatica de ninos y ninas menores de 12 anos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 444 ninos y ninas de 10 a 12 anos, estudiantes de tres escuelas del area de San Jose. Se examino el Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (en castellano) y el Cuestionario de Autoridad Parental para ninos y ninas. Version experimental. (Adaptado del Parenta Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). Los hallazgos muestran resultados estadisticamente significativos para la variable estilo autoritativo y sexo, como variables que mejor explican la respuesta empatica de los ninos y de las ninas de este estudio, a su vez, se confirma que las mujeres muestran mayor respuesta empatica que los varones y ademas perciben su clima familiar mas autoritativo que los varones. The present article aims to analyze the relationship between family environment and empathic response as perceived by the children. The sample is composed of 444 children aged from 10 to 12 years old, and studying in three primary schools in the San Jose, Costa Rica. It was considered the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents and the Parental Authority Questionnaire for children. Experimental version. (Adapted from the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). The findings show statistically significant results for the variable authoritative style and sex as variables that best explain the empathic response of the children in this study. It confirms that women show greater empathic response that men and women perceive their family environment more authoritative than men.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the reflexions and experiences regarding teaching strategies used to promote better student learning in the course Pharmaceutical Law and Ethics, which belongs to the curricular plan of License degree in Pharmacy, from the University of Costa Rica.
Abstract: El presente ensayo se realiza con la intencion de compartir las reflexiones y experiencias en torno a estrategias docentes utilizadas para promover un mejor aprendizaje estudiantil en el curso Legislacion y Deontologia Farmaceutica, perteneciente al plan de estudios de Licenciatura en Farmacia, de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Las actividades se implementaron durante el primer semestre 2011 y se pueden clasificar en dos tipos: innovaciones de apoyo e innovaciones en la evaluacion. En cuanto a las primeras, se dio la elaboracion de un libro de texto para el curso, un diagnostico inicial de conocimientos y una visita guiada al Colegio de Farmaceuticos de Costa Rica; respecto a las segundas, se tuvo la participacion del estudiantado en foros de discusion (dos virtuales y uno presencial), la redaccion de un ensayo escrito y la construccion grupal de protocolos de habilitacion para Farmacias. Entre los resultados obtenidos, de modo general se puede afirmar que, pese a algunas dificultades estudiantiles, las innovaciones desarrolladas contribuyen a un mejor proceso de aprendizaje de la materia del curso. This essay is made with the intention of sharing the reflexions and experiences regarding teaching strategies used to promote better student learning in the course Pharmaceutical Law and Ethics, which belongs to the curricular plan of License degree in Pharmacy, from the University of Costa Rica. The activities were implemented during the first semester 2011, and can be classified in two types: support innovations and innovations in evaluation. The first ones were the preparation of a text book for the course, an initial diagnose of students’ knowledge, and a guided visit to the Costa Rican Pharmacists’ Association; the second ones were the students participation in discussion forums (two virtual and one alive), the composition of a written essay, and the groupal elaboration of Operating protocols for pharmacies. Among the results, in general it can be stated that, despite some student difficulties, the innovations developed contribute to have a better learning process of the course’s subjects.
TL;DR: In this article, the contextual factors and the implications of the visit of Secretary of State of the United States Philander C. Knox, to Costa Rica in 1912 are analyzed, showing that despite the existence of animosity in Costa Rica to the US policy of the moment, this did not condition the performance of the political elites that preferred to follow a pragmatic policy; likewise, the staging made it possible to consolidate the idea of the Costa Rican exceptionalism in the region in the eyes of the American authorities.
Abstract: This article analyzes the contextual factors and the implications of the visit of Secretary of State of the United States Philander C. Knox, to Costa Rica in 1912. The main objective of this study is to understand the purposes of the Costa Rican authorities during the stay of Knox and his entourage in the country, as well as the reciprocal perceptions that existed both in Costa Rica and in the governmental authorities of the United States during those years. The existing evidence demonstrates that despite the existence of animosity in Costa Rica to the US policy of the moment, this did not condition the performance of the political elites that preferred to follow a pragmatic policy; likewise, the staging made it possible to consolidate the idea of the Costa Rican exceptionalism in the region in the eyes of the American authorities.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In el curso de Derecho Contractual, con ocasion del desenvolvimiento del tema de la declaracion unilateral de voluntad como fuente de obligaciones, el profesor hace alusion a la materia, pero debido quizas a que nuestra propia legislación carece de nociones suficientes al respecto, es lo cierto que nuestro curriculum de estudios adolece a la falta de una catedra d
Abstract: Le tema que se presenta a la consideracion de los lectores en este estudio, lleva como finalidad la de suplir la ausencia que se nota en nuestros programas de un desarrollo sistematizado de la teoria del negocio juridico. Es cierto que en el curso de Derecho Contractual, con ocasion del desenvolvimiento del tema de la declaracion unilateral de voluntad como fuente de obligaciones, el profesor hace alusion a la materia, pero debido quizas a que nuestra propia legislacion carece de nociones suficientes al respecto, es lo cierto que nuestro curriculum de estudios adolece a la falta de una catedra donde los fundamentos de esta importante teoria juridica, tan necesaria para la comprension de la genesis de los derechos subjetivos, pudiera estudiarse sistematizadamente.
TL;DR: The work of Alfa Nro as discussed by the authors evaluated the impact of the quality assurance processes that have been implemented in the universities of Costa Rica and Chile on the quality of higher education.
Abstract: En este articulo se presentan las acciones realizadas dentro del Proyecto Alfa Nro. DCl-ALA 2008/42: Aseguramiento de la calidad: politicas publicas y gestion universitaria financiado con fondos de la Union Europea y coordinado, de manera general, por el Centro Interuniversitario de Desarrollo, CINDA. Participan 16 universidades latinoamericanas y 7 universidades europeas, y el objetivo general del proyecto es mejorar la gestion de la calidad de la Educacion Superior, tanto a nivel de los sistemas nacionales como de las instituciones de Educacion Superior, y contribuir con la generacion de conocimiento y confianzas mutuas acerca de la calidad de la Educacion Superior entre los paises latinoamericanos y europeos. Como parte de las actividades desarrolladas se llevaron a cabo estudios en 7 paises (5 de Latinoamerica y 2 de Europa) para evaluar el impacto de los procesos de aseguramiento de la calidad implementados en las universidades. En Costa Rica, el proyecto ha sido coordinado y ejecutado por la Universidad de Costa Rica desde el ano 2009 hasta la fecha. El estudio se realizo en dos universidades estatales y dos privadas, durante el periodo comprendido entre octubre de 2010 y mayo de 2011, se realizaron 26 entrevistas presenciales y 8 sesiones de grupo a las diferentes poblaciones definidas en el estudio, ademas, se realizaron un total de 652 encuestas a estudiantes activos y a personas egresadas. Los principales resultados obtenidos en Costa Rica se resumen en este articulo, de acuerdo con los niveles y dimensiones de calidad que fueron definidos en el marco referencial del proyecto. The article presents actions carried out in Costa Rica, in the frame of the project Alfa Nro. DCl-ALA 2008/42: Quality assurance: public policies and management in universities. This project is funded by the European Commission and its general coordination is in charge of the Inter-university Center for Development (CINDA), in Chile. The Costa-Rican component has been coordinated and carried out by the Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) since 2009. Sixteen Latin-American and seven European universities are participating in this project. Its general objective is to improve the quality management of higher education both on the national level, and on the individual level of each institution, as well as to generate acquaintances and mutual trust among LatinAmerican and European countries regarding the quality of their higher education. As a part of the activities of the project, 7 studies were made in 5 Latin-American and 2 European countries to evaluate the impact of the quality assurance processes that have been implemented in their universities. In Costa Rica, the study considered two state universities and two private ones. There, 26 interviews and 8 group sessions were carried out from October 2010 to May 2011 with the populations of interest for the study. Additionally, 652 active students and graduates from accredited careers of the selected universities were interviewed. A summary of the main results from the qualitative and quantitative interviews made in Costa Rica, are presented in this article.
TL;DR: The University of Costa Rica in Transito as mentioned in this paper is an articulo that pretende dar cuenta del transito que ha iniciado la institucion en its camino hacia the transdisciplinariedad.
Abstract: La Universidad de Costa Rica en Transito es un articulo que pretende dar cuenta del transito que ha iniciado la institucion en su camino hacia la transdisciplinariedad. Se presenta, en primera instancia, un contexto historico y referentes teoricos que apuntan a que la Universidad en el Siglo XXI debe iniciar un transito, por una parte, de regreso a reflejar el significado de su origen: UNIVERSUS-A-UM (“todo”, “entero”, “universal”) superando fragmentaciones y departamentalizaciones y, por otro, hacia una vision transdisciplinar, un pensamiento complejo en sintonia con las realidades biologicas, sociales y culturales del mundo en el siglo XXI. Y, ya que la transdisciplinariedad no se puede llevar a cabo mas que en la accion y en la interaccion con otros, se reporta sobre una serie de estrategias interconectadas que se estan promoviendo Universidad de Costa Rica para ayudar a la institucion a iniciar ese transito. University of Costa Rica in Transit is an article that reports on the journey the institution has started on its path towards transdisciplinarity. On one way, back to the origen: universus (all, whole, universal), overcoming fragmentation and departamentalization. On the other towards a transdisciplinary vision and complex thinking in accordance with the new biological, social and cultural realities of our world. Interactive and interrelated strategies that are currently beeing promoted to stimulate the institution towards transdisciplinarity are reported here. It is important to remember that transdisciplinarity can only be reflected in action, and in the interaction with others.
TL;DR: In this sense, the curricular development and design are two inseparable moments on who the docents can have an active and critique participation as discussed by the authors, and the realized analysis, strongly embedded in the practice of the mentioned principles, makes a concrete proposal of possible actions, whose viability increases if the professorship possesses the necessary formation, and a permanently self-critical and reflexive position.
Abstract: Este ensayo fue elaborado a partir del enlace de dos momentos: el primero, relacionado con la experiencia de la autora como docente universitaria, y como integrante y coordinadora de la Comision de Curriculum, de la Escuela de Trabajo Social, de la Universidad de Costa Rica. El segundo, propiciado por la reflexion sobre estas practicas en un grupo de estudio sobre diseno curricular en el Centro de Evaluacion Academica de la misma Universidad. Tener el espacio para conjugar experiencia y reflexion permitio retomar labores esenciales que las y los docentes pueden realizar para transformar el curriculum, si se parte de una comprension compleja, historica y contextual de este. Se concluye, en este sentido, que el diseno y desarrollo curricular son dos momentos inseparables, donde el cuerpo docente puede tener una participacion activa y critica. El analisis realizado, fuertemente imbricado al referente de la propia practica, se concreta en una propuesta de acciones posibles, cuya viabilidad aumenta si el profesorado cuenta con la formacion necesaria, y con una actitud permanente de autocritica y reflexion. This essay was elaborated by the combination of two different moments; the first one related with the experience of the author in his labor as a university educator, and as a integrant and coordinator of the Curriculum Commission of the Social Work School at the University of Costa Rica. The second, based on this practices, propitiated by the reflections emanated from a group of study on curricular design, in the Center of Academic Evaluation of this University. Given this space for combine experience with reflection, permitted to retake essential labors that the docents can do to transform the curriculum, if it parts of a complex contextual and historic understanding of it. It’s concludes that in this sense, the curricular development and design, are two inseparable moments on who the docents can have an active and critique participation. Furthermore, the realized analysis, strongly embedded in the practice of the mentioned principles on this study, makes a concrete proposal of possible actions, whose viability increases if the professorship possesses the necessary formation, and a permanently self-critical and reflexive position.
Abstract: El presente ensayo indaga acerca de las raices de la educacion montessoriana, pionera de concepciones holistas. Como resultado, se evidencia que unicamente puede ser abordada desde un paradigma de la complejidad y del compromiso con el destino de la humanidad. Solo una comprension mas amplia de su teleologia, antropologia y epistemologia, nos proporcionara la perspectiva que permita integrar estas dimensiones. Con una introduccion que parte de la primera costarricense en poner en practica su filosofia, la preclara Carmen Lyra, se aborda la multi-texualidad, complejidad y trasdisciplinareidad de Montessori, asi como sus contingencias y su epoca, indagacion necesaria para sopesar su necesidad hoy. A search for Montessori’s roots concludes that an authentic Montessori education, pioneer in holistic conceptions, can only be addressed from a paradigm of complexity, a Transdisciplinary perspective, and an attitude of compromise with the destiny of humanity. Only an all-encompassing understanding of her teleology, anthropology, and epistemology will provide a perspective to integrate these dimensions. In relating Montessori’s circumstances and life-experiences, a parallel is made to the challenges faced by the first practicing Montessorian in Costa Rica, Carmen Lyra, educator, writer, activist, and founding-member of the Costa Rican Communist Party. Montessori’s multi-texuality, contingencies and the quotidien are addressed in an effort to outline her relevance today.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a learning experience designed for and developed with an interdisciplinary group of faculty at the University of Costa Rica, where powerful ideas, spaces and tools were available for participants to design and construct their own digital stories, models and simulations.
Abstract: Con el presente ensayo se busca compartir la experiencia de aprendizaje disenada y desarrollada por un grupo interdisciplinario de profesores y profesoras de la Universidad de Costa Rica. La actividad conto con la participacion de docentes de distintas disciplinas academicas. La propuesta se concreto en un taller que utilizo el lenguaje de programacion Scratch y las tarjetas Pico, como oportunidad para modelar un ambiente de aprendizaje construccionista. Ideas poderosas, espacios y herramientas se pusieron a disposicion de los y las participantes para la construccion de historias digitales, modelos y simulaciones. El objetivo final fue que los y las profesoras pudieran vivenciar, a traves de una experiencia practica, el ambiente de aprendizaje construccionista, las ideas y las herramientas, para que mas adelante las pudieran extrapolar en sus propias disciplinas y cursos. With this essay we intend to share a learning experience designed for and developed with an interdisciplinary group of faculty at the University of Costa Rica. Scratch programming language and Pico Boards supported this opportunity to experience a constructionist environment, where powerful ideas, spaces and tools were available for participants to design and construct their own digital stories, models and simulations. The final goal was that participants would experience, through a practical experience, the constructionist learning environment and the tools available, so that they could, in the future, extrapolate the knowledge they constructed in their own disciplines and classes.