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Institution

University of Costa Rica

EducationSan José, Costa Rica
About: University of Costa Rica is a education organization based out in San José, Costa Rica. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Venom. The organization has 9817 authors who have published 16781 publications receiving 238208 citations. The organization is also known as: UCR & Universidad de Costa Rica.
Topics: Population, Venom, Antivenom, Snake venom, Myotoxin


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of the ehrlichial trp36 polymorphic gene in 10 samples revealed substantial polymorphism among the E. canis genotypes, including divergent tandem repeat sequences.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work examines internal impacts and local spillovers for Brazilian Amazon federal and state agencies and suggests that agencies’ objectives and capacities are critical parts of the contexts for conservation strategies.
Abstract: Protected areas (PAs) are the leading tools to conserve forests. However, given their mixed effectiveness, we want to know when they have impacts internally and, if they do, when they have spillovers. Political economy posits roles for the level of government. One hypothesis is that federal PAs avoid more internal deforestation than state PAs since federal agencies consider gains for other jurisdictions. Such political differences as well as economic mechanisms can cause PA spillovers to vary greatly, even from “leakage,” more deforestation elsewhere, to “blockage,” less deforestation elsewhere. We examine internal impacts and local spillovers for Brazilian Amazon federal and state agencies. Outside the region’s “arc of deforestation,” we confirm little internal impact and show no spillovers. In the “arc,” we test impacts by state, as states are large and feature considerably different dynamics. For internal impacts, estimates for federal PAs and indigenous lands are higher than for state PAs. For local spillover impacts, estimates for most arc states either are not significant or are not robust; however, for Para, federal PAs and indigenous lands feature both internal impacts and local spillovers. Yet, the spillovers in Para go in opposite directions across agencies, leakage for indigenous lands but blockage for federal PAs, suggesting a stronger external signal from the environmental agency. Across all these tools, only federal PAs lower deforestation internally and nearby. Results suggest that agencies’ objectives and capacities are critical parts of the contexts for conservation strategies.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The nonlimiting supply of N increased seed protein across all release years in MG II cultivars, and the N supply from the soil and biological N fixation was insufficient to maximize grain yield in modern, MG III cultivars in the tested environments.
Abstract: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield has annually increased nearly 23 kg ha-1, but the interaction of genetic advancement and improved agronomic practices has not been well quantified, including N utilization and fertilization. A field study with soybean cultivars released from 1923 to 2008 in maturity group (MG) II and MG III was conducted in multiple environments with a nonlimiting supply of fertilizer N to examine the main effects and interactions of N supply and release year on grain yield and seed quality. We hypothesized that grain yield and seed quality would be improved with the nonlimiting supply of N, especially for the modern cultivars. Supplemental N totaled 560 kg N ha-1 with 40% applied at planting and 60% applied at V5. Grain yield increased with release year in MG II (17.2 kg ha-1 yr-1). Application of N to MG II cultivars increased seed protein by 10 to 19.5 g kg-1 across all release years, but grain yield and seed oil was not affected. Grain yield gains of MG III cultivars fertilized with N was 27.4 kg ha-1 yr-1, which was 20% better than unfertilized (22.8 kg ha-1 yr-1). Application of N to MG III cultivars increased seed mass (11%) across release years with no changes in seed protein and oil. The nonlimiting supply of N increased seed protein across all release years in MG II cultivars, and the N supply from the soil and biological N fixation was insufficient to maximize grain yield in modern, MG III cultivars in the tested environments. E.W. Wilson, N.H. Weidenbenner, and S.L. Naeve, Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Cir., St. Paul, MN 55108; S.C. Rowntree, S.P. Conley, and V.M. Davis, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706; S.N. Casteel, Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907; J.J. Suhre and B.W. Diers, Dep. Crop Sciences, Univ. of Illinois, 1101 W. Peabody Dr., Urbana, IL 61801; P.D. Esker, Escuela de Agronomia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica; J.E. Specht, Dep. Of Agronomy, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583. Received 23 May 2013. *Corresponding author (scasteel@purdue.edu). Abbreviations: BNF, biological N fixation; ESN, Environmentally Smart Nitrogen; MG, maturity group; NASS, National Agricultural Statistics Service; nonnod, nonnodulating; OM, organic matter. Published in Crop Sci. 54:340–348 (2014). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2013.05.0339 Freely available online through the author-supported open-access option. © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Published December 6, 2013

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comparative analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms and the study of the pan-genome of the 27 currently public available whole genome sequences of X. fastidiosa found the clustering and distinctiveness of the ST53 isolates supports the hypothesis of their common origin, and the limited genetic diversity among these isolates suggests this is an emerging clade within subsp.
Abstract: Xylella fastidiosa is a plant-pathogenic bacterium recently introduced in Europe that is causing decline in olive trees in the South of Italy. Genetic studies have consistently shown that the bacterial genotype recovered from infected olive trees belongs to the sequence type ST53 within subspecies pauca. This genotype, ST53, has also been reported to occur in Costa Rica. The ancestry of ST53 was recently clarified, showing it contains alleles that are monophyletic with those of subsp. pauca in South America. To more robustly determine the phylogenetic placement of ST53 within X. fastidiosa, we performed a comparative analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the study of the pan-genome of the 27 currently public available whole genome sequences of X. fastidiosa. The resulting maximum-parsimony and maximum likelihood trees constructed using the SNPs and the pan-genome analysis are consistent with previously described X. fastidiosa taxonomy, distinguishing the subsp. fastidiosa, multiplex, pauca, sandyi, and morus. Within the subsp. pauca, the Italian and three Costa Rican isolates, all belonging to ST53, formed a compact phylotype in a clade divergent from the South American pauca isolates, also distinct from the recently described coffee isolate CFBP8072 imported into Europe from Ecuador. These findings were also supported by the gene characterization of a conjugative plasmid shared by all the four ST53 isolates. Furthermore, isolates of the ST53 clade possess an exclusive locus encoding a putative ATP-binding protein belonging to the family of histidine kinase-like ATPase gene, which is not present in isolates from the subspecies multiplex, sandyi, and pauca, but was detected in ST21 isolates of the subspecies fastidiosa from Costa Rica. The clustering and distinctiveness of the ST53 isolates supports the hypothesis of their common origin, and the limited genetic diversity among these isolates suggests this is an emerging clade within subsp. pauca.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the cell rounding and detachment mediated by R-Ras glucosylation, and the induction of filopodia-like structures induced by RhoA activation are mediated by C. difficile-induced diarrhea.

56 citations


Authors

Showing all 9922 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Alberto Ascherio13646269578
Gervasio Gomez133184499695
Myron M. Levine12378960865
Hong-Cai Zhou11448966320
Edward O. Wilson10140689994
Mary Claire King10033647454
Olga Martín-Belloso8638423428
José María Gutiérrez8460726779
Cesare Montecucco8438227738
Rodolphe Clérac7850622604
Kim R. Dunbar7447020262
Paul J. Hanson7025119504
Hannia Campos6921015164
Jean-Pierre Gorvel6723115005
F. Albert Cotton66102327647
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202325
2022155
2021864
20201,009
2019894
2018834