Showing papers by "University of Delaware published in 1980"
TL;DR: In this article, the molybdate method was used for the analysis of total dissolved phosphorus and total particulate phosphorus in natural waters, and the method gave 100% recovery with refractory phosphorus compounds, is usable on undiluted samples with up to 18 µmol of phosphorus per liter (6 µg P per sample).
Abstract: Procedures are presented for separate analyses of total dissolved phosphorus and total particulate phosphorus in natural waters The method for both procedures involves drying a sample with magnesium sulfate and baking the residue at a high temperature to decompose organic phosphorus compounds The residue is then treated with hydrochloric acid to hydrolyze polyphosphates and the orthophosphate is measured by the molybdate method The method gives 100% recovery with refractory phosphorus compounds, is usable on undiluted samples with up to 18 µmol of phosphorus per liter (6 µg P per sample), and has a mid-range precision of ±1%
749 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a scaling law of wind-stress coefficients is presented to illustrate explicitly that the coefficient increases with wind velocity and decreases with fetch; physical reasonings of both trends are discussed.
Abstract: A scaling law of wind-stress coefficients is presented to illustrate explicitly that the coefficient increases with wind velocity and decreases with fetch; physical reasonings of both trends are discussed. Besides being shown previously to be related to a criterion determining airflow separation from waves, the Charnock relation is further associated with the critical roughness Reynolds number identifying regimes of the atmospheric surface layer. Intrinsic errors and limitations of the Charnock relation, which provides an overall correlation between stress coefficient and wind velocity, are illustrated. A probable nondimensional expression, a refinement of the Charnock relation, is proposed between the roughness length and the wind-friction velocity involving not only gravity but also surface tension and viscosity. Previous compilation of wind-stress data obtained with eddy-correlation and wind-profile methods is found to be consistent with recent results obtained with similar techniques. A singl...
534 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a procedure is presented for routine analysis of total nitrogen in solution which is similar to published methods using oxidation by potassium persulfate. But careful attention to pH, alkalinity, the neutralizing buffer, reaction vessels, and dilution factors have proved necessary.
Abstract: A procedure is presented for routine analysis of total nitrogen in solution which is similar to published methods using oxidation by potassium persulfate. Careful attention to pH, alkalinity, the neutralizing buffer, reaction vessels, and dilution factors have proved necessary. This modified method is acceptable for samples from fresh to oceanic waters, is accurate for organic compounds tested, has a maximum capability of 40 µM nitrogen in undiluted samples, and has a mid-range precision of ±2%.
341 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1980TL;DR: Barentieff Fundamental Exercises as mentioned in this paperActivate and Motivate The Body Architecture Carving Shapes in Space Inner Impulse to Move Rhythm and Phrasing Affinities of Body, Space and Effort Tensions and Countertensions Group Interaction Dance Therapy Additional Applications: (a) Animals, Territory and Labananalysis (b) Functional Rehabilitation (c) Two Musicians (d) Martial Arts - Kendo (e) dance (f) Walking Epilogue Appendices Barentieeff Fundamental ExERCISE
Abstract: Activate and Motivate The Body Architecture Carving Shapes in Space Inner Impulse to Move Rhythm and Phrasing Affinities of Body, Space and Effort Tensions and Countertensions Group Interaction Dance Therapy Additional Applications: (a) Animals, Territory and Labananalysis (b) Functional Rehabilitation (c) Two Musicians (d) Martial Arts - Kendo (e) Dance (f) Walking Epilogue Appendices Barentieff Fundamental Exercises
338 citations
TL;DR: A large sample of readers of a popular psychology magazine took the Sensation Seeking Scale (form V) and filled out a personal data form to examine the relationship between SSS scores and demographic and experience variables.
316 citations
TL;DR: The authors compared normal males who scored at the extremes of Disinhibition (a subscale of the Sensation Seeking Scale) on gonadal hormones, finding that high disinhibitors were higher than lows on testosterone, estradiol and estrone, but not on progesterone.
311 citations
TL;DR: In this article, solubllltles of naphthalene and blphenyl in super-crltlcal carbon dioxide were measured at varlous Isotherms above 31.06 OC and over a range of pressures from 80 to 500 atm.
Abstract: Solld solubllltles of naphthalene and blphenyl In supercrltlcal carbon dioxide were measured at varlous Isotherms above 31.06 OC-the crltlcal temperature of C0,-and over a range of pressures from 80 to 500 atm. The upper crltlcal end polnt for the naphthalene-carbon dloxlde system Is estlmated from the solublllty data to be 63 OC, 240 atm, and a naphthalene mole fractlon of 0.16. The upper crltlcal end-polnt temperature for the blphenyl-carbon dloxlde system Is -56 OC and at a pressure near 460 atm. The biphenyl mole fractlon at the upper crltlcal end polnt (UCEP) Is -0.16.
275 citations
266 citations
TL;DR: This article presents computational experience with the cluster analysis which was developed independently by Torn and will be combined under an algorithmic strategy called Two-Stage Pruning (TSP).
241 citations
TL;DR: The heritability of the personality trait rests upon specific inherited biological traits, such as the biochemicals of the brain and gonadal hormones which affect arousability of the central nervous system as mentioned in this paper.
225 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the conditions at the geographic South Pole enable modes of global solar oscillations and theoretical models of the internal solar structure to be identified, and a model of the global solar structure is proposed.
Abstract: Observing conditions at the geographic South Pole enable modes of global solar oscillations and theoretical models of the internal solar structure to be identified.
TL;DR: It was found no evidence earlier colonists were essential for establishment of the next developmental stage of an estuarine fouling community at Lewes, Delaware, and inhibitory interactions appeared to be much more prevalent than facilitative interactions.
Abstract: Experiments were performed to determine if earlier colonists inhibited, enhanced, or were necessary for establishment of later colonists during development of an estuarine fouling community at Lewes, Delaware. We determined the significance of earlier stages on the successional process by functionally removing early colonizing species. Since settlement of sessile invertebrates onto our experimental test plates was seasonal, we were able to accomplish functional removal of early colonists by putting out clean test panels after these species had ceased settling. Comparisons between panels initially submerged at three different times in 1974 and 1975, and between panels put out at one-month intervals throughout the study (to describe seasonal settlement patterns) allowed us to determine interactions between adult populations of earlier colonists and colonizing individuals of later arriving species.The dominant sessile species in our system and their times of settlement were: a barnacle (Balanus improvisus) - April through June, a polychaete (Hydroides dianthus) - July and August, a tunicate (Molgula manhatensis) - June through October, a hydroid (Tubularia crocea) - July through October, and a mussel (Mytilus edulis) - November through April. All successional series eventually came to be dominated by M. edulis, and it persisted as the dominant for over a year.A variety of species interactions were observed. M. edulis inhibited colonization by all other dominants and B. improvisus partially inhibited settlement of M. manhattensis. The presence of adult M. manhattensis had no influence on summer settlement of T. crocea, but the hydroids enhanced settlement of tunicates in the fall. During both years of our study, larger settlements of mussels were noted on panels harboring tunicates and hydroids than on bare surfaces. H. dianthus, on the other hand, became established only on bare substrates, and colonization was almost totally inhibited by other dominants.Development in our fouling community did not conform to any single model of community development presented to date. Instead, components of several models were observed within our relatively simple (in terms of number of species) system. For example, facilitation (enhancement of later colonists by earlier ones) and inhibition (resistance of earlier colonists to invasion by later colonists) were both observed. However, we found no evidence earlier colonists were essential for establishment of the next developmental stage. In fact, inhibitory interactions appeared to be much more prevalent than facilitative interactions. The former may also have more profound effects on community development since they more often determine eventual species compositions.
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical method for interpolating monthly precipitation totals within California is described and evaluated using 120 monthly precipitation total observed from 1961-1970 at each of 90 randomly selected stations in California and a P-mode principal components analysis of a co-variance matrix, four independent sources of precipitation variability were identified and quantitatively paraphrased.
Abstract: An empirical method for interpolating monthly precipitation totals within California is described and evaluated. Using 120 monthly precipitation totals observed from 1961-1970 at each of 90 randomly selected stations in California and a P-mode principal components analysis of a co-variance matrix, four independent sources of precipitation variability were identified and quantitatively paraphrased. The four principal components were then linked to three representative stations by polynomial regression. From these relationships, monthly precipitation totals can be interpolated anywhere in the state by reversing the principal components computations. The required input includes: a monthly precipitation total, for the month of interest, from each of the three representative stations as well as isarithmically interpolated estimates of the component loadings and station means which were derived from the initial (1961-1970) data set. A major asset of the procedure is that it only requires three pieces of new inf...
TL;DR: When the Chinese system is described as a comprehensive normative system, one suspects that its pluralistic structure has been neglected and that planners who want to encourage the utilization of traditional medicine in developing countries should learn more about the on-going nature of medical pluralism.
TL;DR: Enrichment of alkaline phosphatase and ‐γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity in microvessel preparations supports the endothelial localization of these enzymes.
Abstract: Microvessels were isolated from rat brain using a double collagenase treatment which removed the endothelial basement membranes. The isolate was characterized by intact luminal and abluminal membranes and an absence of pericytes and astrocyte membranes. Minimal contamination by 5'-nucleotidase, an enzyme believed exclusively localized within the plasma membranes of neuroglia, established the purity of the isolated microvessels. Enrichment of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in microvessel preparations supports the endothelial localization of these enzymes.
TL;DR: A certain modified collocation method which is a fully discretized numerical method for the solution of Fredholm integral equations of the first kind with logarithmic kernel as principal part is presented.
Abstract: Here we present a certain modified collocation method which is a fully discretized numerical method for the solution of Fredholm integral equations of the first kind with logarithmic kernel as principal part. The scheme combines high accuracy from Galerkin's method with the high speed of collocation methods. The corresponding asymptotic error analysis shows optimal order of convergence in the sense of finite element approximation. The whole method is an improved boundary integral method for a wide class of plane boundary value problems involving finite element approximations on the boundary curve. The numerical experiments reveal both, high speed and high accuracy.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors verified that the best heat storage densities on a mass or volume basis are obtained with alloys rich in Si or Al, elements that have large heats of fusion.
Abstract: Classical thermodynamic equations based on the regular solution approximation yield enthalpic changes for eutectic transformation that agree roughly with values measured for several binary and ternary alloy systems by differential scanning calorimetry or differential thermal analysis. Restricting measurements to binary and ternary alloys of the relatively plentiful elements Al, Cu, Mg, Si and Zn, it has been verified that the best heat storage densities on a mass or volume basis are obtained with alloys rich in Si or Al, elements that have large heats of fusion. Several of these alloys have the highest heat-storage density reported for phase change materials that transform between 780 and 850 K. The Mg2Si-Si eutectic, which has outstanding storage density at 1219 K, illustrates the utility of ordered intermetallic phases with large heat of formation that dissolve in the eutectic liquid to contribute to the entropy change.
TL;DR: In this paper, the self-consistent approach originally proposed by Hill has been adopted to derive the effective elastic stiffness constants of unidirectional short-fiber composites.
Abstract: The self-consistent approach originally proposed by Hill has been adopted to derive the effective elastic stiffness constants of unidirectional short-fiber composites. The short-fibers are modeled as ellipsoidal inclu sions uniformly distributed in the matrix and the transverse isotropy of the composite has been taken into account. The method of analysis is valid for multi-component systems and hence, applicable to hybrid composites. Comparisons of this analysis with existing theories are made for binary composites.
TL;DR: Results indicate that both water and low dissolved oxygen concentration are necessary for hatching to occur and are likely to exist in the field when stranded eggs are immersed in water.
Abstract: Salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, hydration, and temperature were examined as possible environmental cues that might intiate hatching in Fundulus heterolitus. Incubation in or transfer to water adjusted to ranges of salinity, pH, and temperature within the physiological range of the species had no direct effect on hatching. Eggs incubated in water with dissolved oxygen concentrations greater than 6 ml O2/L or solutions of Carbowax PEG 4000 producing an osomotic flux of water out of the eggs delayed hatching indefinitely. Incubation of eggs in air delayed hatching, regardless of the pO2. Eggs delayed for periods of up to 1 mo by incubation in air or in highly oxygenated water hatched normally when placed in water of 4 ml O2/L or less. Additionally, eggs that were partially dehydrated by incubation in air did not hatch when placed in a pressurized container of mineral oil. These results indicate that both water and low dissolved oxygen concentration are necessary for hatching to occur. Both of these conditions are likely to exist in the field when stranded eggs are immersed in water.
TL;DR: The solubilities of phanol and chlorinated phenols in supercritical carbon dioxide were measured at 36/sup 0/C (and 60/sup 1/C for phenol) and 78-246 atm in an apparatus consisting of two in-series, high-pressure equilibrium cells, fitted to a heated metering valve and Bourdon-type Heiss pressure gage as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The solubilities of phanol and chlorinated phenols in supercritical carbon dioxide were measured at 36/sup 0/C (and 60/sup 0/C for phenol) and 78-246 atm in an apparatus consisting of two in-series, high-pressure equilibrium cells, fitted to a heated metering valve and Bourdon-type Heiss pressure gage. Saturated solutions exiting the cells were determined by weighing, and carbon dioxide was determined with a wet-test meter. Standard deviations were generally < 5% and typically 1-2% of phenol mole fraction values. The two isotherms obtained for phenol showed distinctly different solubility behavior, owing to the fact that phenol is a solid at 36/sup 0/C but a liquid at 60/sup 0/C, and the solubilities measured are for phenol in the supercritical-fluid phase. Applications of dense-gas extraction in the regeneration of activated carbon are discussed.
TL;DR: Filtration efficiency of the bay scallop Argo Pecten irradians and the oyster Crassostrea virginica was examined in the laboratory using dilute algal suspensions, over a range of concentrations from 0.88 to 10.89 mg wet algal weight.
Abstract: Filtration efficiency of the bay scallop Argo Pecten irradians and the oyster Crassostrea virginica was examined in the laboratory using dilute algal suspensions, over a range of concentrations from 0.88 to 10.89 mg wet algal weight. 1-1. Efficiency of retention was measured in flowing seawater for each of 8 size classes of particles (1.73 to 9.97 μm diameter) by comparing number of particles in both inhalent and exhalent water. Algal suspensions were composed of isogravimetric amounts of Dunaliella tertiolecta, lsochrysis galbana, Platymonas suecica, and Thalassiosira pseudonana. In low algal concentrations, A. irradians and C. virginica showed no change in filtration efficiency for particles larger than 7 and 3 μm in diameter, respectively. As algal concentration increased, A. irradians became more efficient in retaining small (2 to 4 μm) particles, due to increased mucus (pseudofecal) production. Conversely, as algal concentration increased, C. virginica periodically became less efficient in r...
TL;DR: In this paper, a multipoint adsorption of the reactant, with a CC bond interacting with a Mo cation, and the S atom of the reactionant interacting with an S ion on the surface, was proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar junction thin-film polycrystalline CdS/Cu 2 S cell with energy conversion efficiencies in sunlight of up to 9.15 percent and areas of ∼1 cm2 have been developed.
Abstract: Thin-film polycrystalline CdS/Cu 2 S cells with energy conversion efficiencies in sunlight of up to 9.15 percent and areas of ∼1 cm2have been developed. The improvement over previously achieved efficiencies is due to the development of techniques to separately measure and minimize fill factor losses. Specific design and fabrication changes based on a detailed quantitative analysis of the cell operation, were introduced to correct series resistance, shunt conductance and field effect losses. Further increases in efficiency can be expected from the development of a planar junction thin-film CdS/Cu 2 S cell.
TL;DR: Adult male Fundulus heteroclitus were found to respond to a number of nonspecific stress stimuli with transient elevations in serum cortisol levels, and Cortisol appears to function during stress in this species to sustain the elevation in serum glucose.
TL;DR: In this paper, two modes of interlaminar load transfer for the fiber-reinforced laminate of finite-width are identified; the first mode characterised by the behaviour of the angle-ply laminate is shown to be dominated by the intra-laminar shear stress, τxz, while the second mode reflects the action of the interlamin normal stress and is associated with the bidirectional laminate.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the thermal energy storage capacity of the unthickened mixture to the thickened mixture as a function of thermal cycling and showed a significant improvement in performance of the thinnened mixture over that of the Glauber's salt and borax mixture.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented an analysis of CO 2 -hot carbonate solutions using a film-theory model and obtained the values of the kinetic constant of the rate-determining step up to a temperature of 110°C.
TL;DR: Observations are interpreted to suggest that the bee venom phospholipase A2 preferentially catalyzes hydrolysis of the substrate available at or near the defects in the organization of the substrates in the bilayers.
Abstract: The hydrolytic action of the bee venom phospholipase A2 on phosphatidylcholine bilayers is studied under a variety of conditions that introduce alterations in the packing, such as those induced by sonication, gel to liquid crystalline phase transition, and osmotic shock Two phases of hydrolysis could be resolved under a wide range of experimental conditions With the various forms of the bilayers one observes only a partial hydrolysis of the total available substrate during the first phase However, the fraction of the substrate hydrolyzed in the first phase changes with the form of the available substrate, with the amount of the enzyme added, with the temperature, with the phase transition characteristics of the substrate, and by the sonication of the substrate The second phase of hydrolysis is generally observed when a certain concentration of the products has been produced during the first phase of hydrolysis These observations are interpreted to suggest that the bee venom phospholipase A2 preferentially catalyzes hydrolysis of the substrate available at or near the defects in the organization of the substrate in the bilayers
TL;DR: The study confirmed the capacity of oysters to concentrate several elements in their valves as concentration of these elements increased in ambient sea water and disclosed the heterogeneous distribution ofThese elements in major regions of the valves.