University of Diyala

About: University of Diyala is a education organization based out in Baqubah, Iraq. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Corrosion. The organization has 708 authors who have published 929 publications receiving 5257 citations.

Geometric and design parameters of fins employed for enhancing thermal energy storage systems: a review

Abstract: The continuous increase in the level of green-house gas emissions and the depletion of fossil ‎fuels are identified, as the major driving forces behind efforts to effectively utilize different sources of renewable energy. Solar energy ‎considered one of the most prospective sources of this energy. This review paper mainly focuses on the majority of heat-transfer enhancement techniques between the phase-change material (PCM) and the heat-transfer fluid (HTF) based on the application of fins embedded in the PCM. This study ‎also investigated the geometrical dimensions, dimensionless numbers, and fin location through numerical ‎and experimental works conducted to assess the influences of these parameters on the thermal performance of PCM-latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) containers. The best enhancement is ‎achieved using the longitudinal finned configurations because of its easy design and fabrication, especially along circumference of the cylindrical PCM containers. The circular-finned tube was also more effective than the pinned-tube for different shell and tube. PCMs based on heat sinks with internal pin fins were widely used for the thermal ‎management of various pieces of electronic products. The heat enhancement factor was effectively dependent on increasing the numbers and dimensions ‎of these fins. Further researches still require to explore the ‎possible geometrical designs of fins and their key findings, which have more effect on the thermal performance of the ‎finned-LHTES system.

Canagliflozin inhibits interleukin-1β-stimulated cytokine and chemokine secretion in vascular endothelial cells by AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

Abstract: Recent clinical trials of the hypoglycaemic sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which inhibit renal glucose reabsorption, have reported beneficial cardiovascular outcomes. Whether SGLT2 inhibitors directly affect cardiovascular tissues, however, remains unclear. We have previously reported that the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in immortalised cell lines and murine hepatocytes. As AMPK has anti-inflammatory actions in vascular cells, we examined whether SGLT2 inhibitors attenuated inflammatory signalling in cultured human endothelial cells. Incubation with clinically-relevant concentrations of canagliflozin, but not empagliflozin or dapagliflozin activated AMPK and inhibited IL-1β-stimulated adhesion of pro-monocytic U937 cells and secretion of IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Inhibition of MCP-1 secretion was attenuated by expression of dominant-negative AMPK and was mimicked by the direct AMPK activator, A769662. Stimulation of cells with either canagliflozin or A769662 had no effect on IL-1β-stimulated cell surface levels of adhesion molecules or nuclear factor-κB signalling. Despite these identical effects of canagliflozin and A769662, IL-1β-stimulated IL-6/MCP-1 mRNA was inhibited by canagliflozin, but not A769662, whereas IL-1β-stimulated c-jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation was inhibited by A769662, but not canagliflozin. These data indicate that clinically-relevant canagliflozin concentrations directly inhibit endothelial pro-inflammatory chemokine/cytokine secretion by AMPK-dependent and -independent mechanisms without affecting early IL-1β signalling.