scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

University of Duisburg-Essen

EducationEssen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
About: University of Duisburg-Essen is a education organization based out in Essen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 16072 authors who have published 39972 publications receiving 1109199 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Seventeen studies that compared yoga versus no therapy provided moderate-quality evidence showing that yoga improved health-related quality of life, and one study did not appear to reduce depression, but hints at overall low risk of publication bias.
Abstract: Background Breast cancer is the cancer most frequently diagnosed in women worldwide. Even though survival rates are continually increasing, breast cancer is often associated with long-term psychological distress, chronic pain, fatigue and impaired quality of life. Yoga comprises advice for an ethical lifestyle, spiritual practice, physical activity, breathing exercises and meditation. It is a complementary therapy that is commonly recommended for breast cancer-related impairments and has been shown to improve physical and mental health in people with different cancer types. Objectives To assess effects of yoga on health-related quality of life, mental health and cancer-related symptoms among women with a diagnosis of breast cancer who are receiving active treatment or have completed treatment. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Breast Cancer Specialised Register, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 1), Indexing of Indian Medical Journals (IndMED), the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal and Clinicaltrials.gov on 29 January 2016. We also searched reference lists of identified relevant trials or reviews, as well as conference proceedings of the International Congress on Complementary Medicine Research (ICCMR), the European Congress for Integrative Medicine (ECIM) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). We applied no language restrictions. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials were eligible when they (1) compared yoga interventions versus no therapy or versus any other active therapy in women with a diagnosis of non-metastatic or metastatic breast cancer, and (2) assessed at least one of the primary outcomes on patient-reported instruments, including health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety, fatigue or sleep disturbances. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently collected data on methods and results. We expressed outcomes as standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and conducted random-effects model meta-analyses. We assessed potential risk of publication bias through visual analysis of funnel plot symmetry and heterogeneity between studies by using the Chi2 test and the I2 statistic. We conducted subgroup analyses for current treatment status, time since diagnosis, stage of cancer and type of yoga intervention. Main results We included 24 studies with a total of 2166 participants, 23 of which provided data for meta-analysis. Thirteen studies had low risk of selection bias, five studies reported adequate blinding of outcome assessment and 15 studies had low risk of attrition bias. Seventeen studies that compared yoga versus no therapy provided moderate-quality evidence showing that yoga improved health-related quality of life (pooled SMD 0.22, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.40; 10 studies, 675 participants), reduced fatigue (pooled SMD -0.48, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.20; 11 studies, 883 participants) and reduced sleep disturbances in the short term (pooled SMD -0.25, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.09; six studies, 657 participants). The funnel plot for health-related quality of life was asymmetrical, favouring no therapy, and the funnel plot for fatigue was roughly symmetrical. This hints at overall low risk of publication bias. Yoga did not appear to reduce depression (pooled SMD -0.13, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.05; seven studies, 496 participants; low-quality evidence) or anxiety (pooled SMD -0.53, 95% CI -1.10 to 0.04; six studies, 346 participants; very low-quality evidence) in the short term and had no medium-term effects on health-related quality of life (pooled SMD 0.10, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.42; two studies, 146 participants; low-quality evidence) or fatigue (pooled SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.29; two studies, 146 participants; low-quality evidence). Investigators reported no serious adverse events. Four studies that compared yoga versus psychosocial/educational interventions provided moderate-quality evidence indicating that yoga can reduce depression (pooled SMD -2.29, 95% CI -3.97 to -0.61; four studies, 226 participants), anxiety (pooled SMD -2.21, 95% CI -3.90 to -0.52; three studies, 195 participants) and fatigue (pooled SMD -0.90, 95% CI -1.31 to -0.50; two studies, 106 participants) in the short term. Very low-quality evidence showed no short-term effects on health-related quality of life (pooled SMD 0.81, 95% CI -0.50 to 2.12; two studies, 153 participants) or sleep disturbances (pooled SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.76 to 0.34; two studies, 119 participants). No trial adequately reported safety-related data. Three studies that compared yoga versus exercise presented very low-quality evidence showing no short-term effects on health-related quality of life (pooled SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.30 to 0.23; three studies, 233 participants) or fatigue (pooled SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.66 to 0.25; three studies, 233 participants); no trial provided safety-related data. Authors' conclusions Moderate-quality evidence supports the recommendation of yoga as a supportive intervention for improving health-related quality of life and reducing fatigue and sleep disturbances when compared with no therapy, as well as for reducing depression, anxiety and fatigue, when compared with psychosocial/educational interventions. Very low-quality evidence suggests that yoga might be as effective as other exercise interventions and might be used as an alternative to other exercise programmes.

241 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Adenosine triphosphate acts as an autocrine factor that integrates stimuli from the microenvironment and cellular energetics to tune the developmental and immunosuppressive program of the T cell in adaptive immune responses.
Abstract: Extracellular nucleotides are pleiotropic regulators of mammalian cell function. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from CD4 + helper T cells upon stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR) contributes in an autocrine manner to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling through purinergic P2X receptors. Increased expression of p2rx7 , which encodes the purinergic receptor P2X7, is part of the transcriptional signature of immunosuppressive CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (T regs ). Here, we show that the activation of P2X7 by ATP inhibits the suppressive potential and stability of T regs . The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased ATP synthesis and P2X7-mediated signaling in T regs , which induced their conversion to IL-17–secreting T helper 17 (T H 17) effector cells in vivo. Moreover, pharmacological antagonism of P2X receptors promoted the cell-autonomous conversion of naive CD4 + T cells into T regs after TCR stimulation. Thus, ATP acts as an autocrine factor that integrates stimuli from the microenvironment and cellular energetics to tune the developmental and immunosuppressive program of the T cell in adaptive immune responses.

241 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a moderated mediation model is proposed where selfefficacy in classroom management predicts emotional exhaustion via classroom disturbances, but the strength of this whole mediation process is moderated by teachers' level of self-efficacy.
Abstract: While the roles of student misbehavior and teacher self-efficacy in teacher burnout have been investigated, there is still a pressing need to determine the processes involved and the degree to which these generalize across early career teachers. The present research integrates findings on teacher self-efficacy, occupational stressors, and emotional exhaustion. A moderated mediation model is hypothesized where self-efficacy in classroom management predicts emotional exhaustion via classroom disturbances, but the strength of this whole mediation process is moderated by teachers’ level of self-efficacy in classroom management. A sample of 1,227 German teacher candidates was used to test this hypothesis in 2 complementary studies. Study 1, based on the whole sample, utilized latent modeling and latent interactions, while Study 2 was based on a random longitudinal subsample of Study 1. The results generally supported our assumptions; the proposed moderated mediation model proved to be statistically significant, even when introducing background covariates into the model to control for pre-existing differences. Thus, self-efficacy in classroom management predicted emotional exhaustion via classroom disturbances only when self-efficacy in classroom management was low. Implications for teacher preservice training, based on the results, are discussed.

240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There remains an urgent need to discover novel therapies which can be given prior to or at the time of PPCI to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size in order to preserve left ventricular (LV) systolic function, prevent the onset of heart failure, and improve survival in reperfused STEMI patients.
Abstract: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of death and disability in Europe and worldwide. A major cause of morbidity and mortality in IHD patients is an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which despite prompt reperfusion by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) has significant mortality (7% death at 1 year) and morbidity (22% prolonged or new hospitalization for heart failure at 1 year) in patients with large infarcts.1 When high-risk STEMI patients presenting with cardiogenic shock are not excluded, mortality at 1 year is even higher, at 12% after 1 year.2 As such, there remains an urgent need to discover novel therapies which can be given prior to or at the time of PPCI to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size in order to preserve left ventricular (LV) systolic function, prevent the onset of heart failure, and improve survival in reperfused STEMI patients. In patients presenting with STEMI, rapid access to the emergency medical services and timely reperfusion by PPCI minimize the total ischaemic time, a major determinant of MI size. Although myocardial reperfusion is essential to salvage myocardium following a STEMI, the process of restoring coronary blood flow to the ischaemic tissue can, in itself, induce myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte death, a phenomenon which is known as ‘myocardial reperfusion injury’.3,4 Crucially, there is currently no effective therapy for reducing myocardial reperfusion injury in STEMI patients, and therefore, it remains a valid target for cardioprotection. However, the search for an effective therapy capable of targeting myocardial reperfusion injury and reducing MI size has been quite challenging, with a large number of failures to translate novel cardioprotective therapies into the …

240 citations


Authors

Showing all 16364 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Rui Zhang1512625107917
Olli T. Raitakari1421232103487
Anders Hamsten13961188144
Robert Huber13967173557
Christopher T. Walsh13981974314
Patrick D. McGorry137109772092
Stanley Nattel13277865700
Luis M. Liz-Marzán13261661684
Dirk Schadendorf1271017105777
William Wijns12775295517
Raimund Erbel125136474179
Khalil Amine11865250111
Hans-Christoph Diener118102591710
Bruce A.J. Ponder11640354796
Andre Franke11568255481
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
Technische Universität München
123.4K papers, 4M citations

95% related

National University of Singapore
165.4K papers, 5.4M citations

93% related

VU University Amsterdam
75.6K papers, 3.4M citations

93% related

University of Padua
114.8K papers, 3.6M citations

93% related

Sapienza University of Rome
155.4K papers, 4.3M citations

93% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023117
2022496
20213,694
20203,449
20193,155
20182,761