Institution
University of Düsseldorf
Education•Düsseldorf, Germany•
About: University of Düsseldorf is a education organization based out in Düsseldorf, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 25225 authors who have published 49155 publications receiving 1946434 citations.
Topics: Population, Transplantation, Diabetes mellitus, Gene, Type 2 diabetes
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: The influence of oxidative stress on protein turnover, protein aggregate formation and the various interactions of protein aggregates with the proteasome are focused on.
625 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that area 4 in man can be subdivided into areas '4 anterior' and '4 posterior' (4p) on the basis of both quantitative cytoarchitecture and quantitative distributions of transmitter-binding sites and by positron emission tomography that two representations of the fingers exist.
Abstract: THE primary motor area (M1) of mammals has long been considered to be structurally and functionally homogeneous1–5. This area corresponds to Brodmann's cytoarchitectural area 4. A few reports showing that arm and hand are doubly represented in M1 of macaque monkeys6,7 and perhaps man8, and that each subarea has separate connections from somatosensory areas, have, with a few exceptions9–12, gone largely unnoticed. Here we show that area 4 in man can be subdivided into areas '4 anterior' (4a) and '4 posterior' (4p) on the basis of both quantitative cytoarchitecture and quantitative distributions of transmitter-binding sites. We also show by positron emission tomography that two representations of the fingers exist, one in area 4a and one in area 4p. Roughness discrimination activated area 4p significantly more than a control condition of self-generated movements. We therefore suggest that the primary motor area is subdivided on the basis of anatomy, neurochemistry and function.
624 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on approximate spin-orbit coupling operators for practical use in molecular applications and review state-of-the-art theoretical methods for evaluating ISC rates.
Abstract: Many light-induced molecular processes involve a change in spin state and are formally forbidden in non-relativistic quantum theory. To make them happen, spin–orbit coupling (SOC) has to be invoked. Intersystem crossing (ISC), the nonradiative transition between two electronic states of different multiplicity, plays a key role in photochemistry and photophysics with a broad range of applications including molecular photonics, biological photosensors, photodynamic therapy, and materials science. Quantum chemistry has become a valuable tool for gaining detailed insight into the mechanisms of ISC. After a short introduction highlighting the importance of ISC and a brief description of the relativistic origins of SOC, this article focusses on approximate SOC operators for practical use in molecular applications and reviews state-of-the-art theoretical methods for evaluating ISC rates. Finally, a few sample applications are discussed that underline the necessity of studying the mechanisms of ISC processes beyond qualitative rules such as the El-Sayed rules and the energy gap law. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
617 citations
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University of California, Riverside1, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona2, Hebrew University of Jerusalem3, University of Oregon4, University of California, Los Angeles5, University of Edinburgh6, University of Göttingen7, Wright State University8, University of Minnesota9, University of Missouri–Kansas City10, Bio-Rad Laboratories11, University of Düsseldorf12, Technische Universität München13, University of Alberta14, University of Leeds15, Massachusetts Institute of Technology16, Dartmouth College17, Flinders University18, Saitama University19, Oregon Health & Science University20, Ohio State University21, University of California, Irvine22, Texas A&M University23, Anschutz Medical Campus24
TL;DR: An analysis of over 1,100 of the ∼10,000 predicted proteins encoded by the genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa reveals potential new targets for antifungals as well as loci implicated in human and plant physiology and disease.
Abstract: We present an analysis of over 1,100 of the approximately 10,000 predicted proteins encoded by the genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Seven major areas of Neurospora genomics and biology are covered. First, the basic features of the genome, including the automated assembly, gene calls, and global gene analyses are summarized. The second section covers components of the centromere and kinetochore complexes, chromatin assembly and modification, and transcription and translation initiation factors. The third area discusses genome defense mechanisms, including repeat induced point mutation, quelling and meiotic silencing, and DNA repair and recombination. In the fourth section, topics relevant to metabolism and transport include extracellular digestion; membrane transporters; aspects of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and lipid metabolism; the mitochondrion and energy metabolism; the proteasome; and protein glycosylation, secretion, and endocytosis. Environmental sensing is the focus of the fifth section with a treatment of two-component systems; GTP-binding proteins; mitogen-activated protein, p21-activated, and germinal center kinases; calcium signaling; protein phosphatases; photobiology; circadian rhythms; and heat shock and stress responses. The sixth area of analysis is growth and development; it encompasses cell wall synthesis, proteins important for hyphal polarity, cytoskeletal components, the cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase machinery, macroconidiation, meiosis, and the sexual cycle. The seventh section covers topics relevant to animal and plant pathogenesis and human disease. The results demonstrate that a large proportion of Neurospora genes do not have homologues in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The group of unshared genes includes potential new targets for antifungals as well as loci implicated in human and plant physiology and disease.
616 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that an EC stage of brain involvement can be detected in normal elderly that predicts future cognitive and brain metabolism reductions and Progressive E4-related hypometabolism may underlie the known increased susceptibility for dementia.
Abstract: Neuropathology studies show that patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease typically have lesions of the entorhinal cortex (EC), hippocampus (Hip), and temporal neocortex. Related observations with in vivo imaging have enabled the prediction of dementia from MCI. Although individuals with normal cognition may have focal EC lesions, this anatomy has not been studied as a predictor of cognitive decline and brain change. The objective of this MRI-guided 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucosey positron-emission tomography (FDGyPET) study was to examine the hypothesis that among normal elderly subjects, EC METglu reductions predict decline and the involvement of the Hip and neocortex. In a 3-year longitudinal study of 48 healthy normal elderly, 12 individuals (mean age 72) demonstrated cognitive decline (11 to MCI and 1 to Alzheimer’s disease). Nondeclining controls were matched on apolipoprotein E genotype, age, education, and gender. At baseline, metabolic reductions in the EC accurately predicted the conversion from normal to MCI. Among those who declined, the baseline EC predicted longitudinal memory and temporal neocortex metabolic reductions. At follow-up, those who declined showed memory impairment and hypometabolism in temporal lobe neocortex and Hip. Among those subjects who declined, apolipoprotein E E4 carriers showed marked longitudinal temporal neocortex reductions. In summary, these data suggest that an EC stage of brain involvement can be detected in normal elderly that predicts future cognitive and brain metabolism reductions. Progressive E4-related hypometabolism may underlie the known increased susceptibility for dementia. Further study is required to estimate individual risks and to determine the physiologic basis for METglu changes detected while cognition is normal.
615 citations
Authors
Showing all 25575 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Karl J. Friston | 217 | 1267 | 217169 |
Roderick T. Bronson | 169 | 679 | 107702 |
Stanley B. Prusiner | 168 | 745 | 97528 |
Ralph A. DeFronzo | 160 | 759 | 132993 |
Monique M.B. Breteler | 159 | 546 | 93762 |
Thomas Meitinger | 155 | 716 | 108491 |
Karl Zilles | 138 | 692 | 72733 |
Ruben C. Gur | 136 | 741 | 61312 |
Alexis Brice | 135 | 870 | 83466 |
Michael Schmitt | 134 | 2007 | 114667 |
Michael Weller | 134 | 1105 | 91874 |
Helmut Sies | 133 | 670 | 78319 |
Peter T. Fox | 131 | 622 | 83369 |
Yuri S. Kivshar | 126 | 1845 | 79415 |
Markus M. Nöthen | 125 | 943 | 83156 |