University of Düsseldorf

About: University of Düsseldorf is a education organization based out in Düsseldorf, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Diabetes mellitus. The organization has 25225 authors who have published 49155 publications receiving 1946434 citations.

Clinical picture and treatment of 2212 patients with common variable immunodeficiency

Abstract: Background Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an antibody deficiency with an equal sex distribution and a high variability in clinical presentation. The main features include respiratory tract infections and their associated complications, enteropathy, autoimmunity, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Objective This study analyzes the clinical presentation, association between clinical features, and differences and effects of immunoglobulin treatment in Europe. Methods Data on 2212 patients with CVID from 28 medical centers contributing to the European Society for Immunodeficiencies Database were analyzed retrospectively. Results Early disease onset ( Conclusion Patients with CVID are being managed differently throughout Europe, affecting various outcome measures. Clinically, CVID is a truly variable antibody deficiency syndrome.

The ‘chemical’ (electronic) contribution to surface‐enhanced Raman scattering

Abstract: The model of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by time-dependent evolution in the intermediate anionic state of the adsorbate is analogous to intramolecular Franck–Condon resonance Raman scattering. For adsorbates with a π* state, the residence time of some femtoseconds (10−15 s) in the anionic state leads to a separation of electron (e) and hole (h), which quenches SERS at a smooth surface. At so-called SERS-active sites, the residence time of the hole is enhanced and therefore there is no final e–h pair and the excitation of only a molecular vibration leads to SERS. In contrast, for molecules with only high-energy σ* states, the residence time in the anionic state is <1 fs (analogous to the impulse mechanism in electron scattering), and the creation of e–h pairs is less likely. This leads to first-layer electronic Raman scattering, especially by CH stretch vibrations with an average enhancement of about 30–40-fold. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The role of nitric oxide

Abstract: When studying the impact of endothelins (ETs) on physiology and pathophysiology, this needs to be done in the context of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and action, since these two are closely intertwined in their action. Here, we will review the work demonstrating the crosstalk between endothelin-1 (ET-1) and NO, and the recent developments regarding the role of these two mediators in inflammatory processes. Moreover, we will discuss the role of NO in pro-inflammatory diseases and the potential mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity of ET receptor antagonism.

Evidence for beneficial low level radiation effects and radiation hormesis.

Abstract: Low doses in the mGy range cause a dual effect on cellular DNA. One is a relatively low probability of DNA damage per energy deposition event and increases in proportion to the dose. At background exposures this damage to DNA is orders of magnitude lower than that from endogenous sources, such as reactive oxygen species. The other effect at comparable doses is adaptive protection against DNA damage from many, mainly endogenous, sources, depending on cell type, species and metabolism. Adaptive protection causes DNA damage prevention and repair and immune stimulation. It develops with a delay of hours, may last for days to months, decreases steadily at doses above about 100 mGy to 200 mGy and is not observed any more after acute exposures of more than about 500 mGy. Radiation-induced apoptosis and terminal cell differentiation also occur at higher doses and add to protection by reducing genomic instability and the number of mutated cells in tissues. At low doses reduction of damage from endogenous sources by adaptive protection maybe equal to or outweigh radiogenic damage induction. Thus, the linear-no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis for cancer risk is scientifically unfounded and appears to be invalid in favour of a threshold or hormesis. This is consistent with data both from animal studies and human epidemiological observations on low-dose induced cancer. The LNT hypothesis should be abandoned and be replaced by a hypothesis that is scientifically justified and causes less unreasonable fear and unnecessary expenditure.

Time-action profile of the long-acting insulin analog insulin glargine (HOE901) in comparison with those of NPH insulin and placebo.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacodynamic properties of the subcutaneously injected long-acting insulin analog HOE901 (30 microg/ml zinc) in comparison with those of NPH insulin and placebo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this single-center double-blind euglycemic glucose clamp study, 15 healthy male volunteers (aged 27 +/- 4 years, BMI 22.2 +/- 1.8 kg/m2) received single subcutaneous injections of 0.4 U/kg body wt of HOE901, NPH insulin, or placebo on 3 study days in a randomized order. The necessary glucose infusion rates (GIRs) to keep blood glucose concentrations constant at 5.0 mmol/l were determined over a 30-h period after administration. RESULTS: The injection of HOE901 did not induce the pronounced peak in metabolic activity observed with NPH insulin (GIRmax 5.3 +/- 1.1 vs. 7.7 +/- 1.3 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) (P