University of East Anglia

About: University of East Anglia is a education organization based out in Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Climate change. The organization has 13250 authors who have published 37504 publications receiving 1669060 citations. The organization is also known as: UEA.

Observed trends in the daily intensity of United Kingdom precipitation.

Abstract: The intensity distribution of daily precipitation amounts in the UK has changed over the period 1961–1995, becoming on average more intense in winter and less intense in summer. This result is based on an analysis of 110 UK station records. In winter, and in terms of their relative contributions to total winter precipitation, there has been a decline in light and medium events and an increase in the heaviest events. This change is fairly uniform across the whole country and is apparent even when longer records (with reduced spatial coverage/detail) are analysed back to 1931 or 1908. The reverse is found in summer: over 1961–1995 there has been a decline in the proportion of the seasonal total being provided by the heaviest events. In the longer term context, however, the summer changes appear to be a return to earlier levels after a period in the 1960s when heavy summer rainfall made a greater than normal contribution. More complex changes have occurred in the intensity distribution of spring and autumn precipitation, with opposite changes in different regions of the UK. Copyright © 2000 Royal Meteorological Society

Large Deformation Isotropic Elasticity—On the Correlation of Theory and Experiment for Incompressible Rubberlike Solids

Abstract: A method of approach to the correlation of theory and experiment for incompressible isotropic elastic solids under finite strain was developed in a previous paper (Ogden 1972). Here, the results of that work are extended to incorporate the effects of compressibility (under isothermal conditions). The strain-energy function constructed for incompressible materials is augmented by a function of the density ratio with the result that experimental data on the compressibility of rubberlike materials are adequately accounted for. At the same time the good fit of the strain-energy function arising in the incompressibility theory to the data in simple tension, pure shear and equibiaxial tension is maintained in the compressible theory without any change in the values of the material constants. A full discussion of inequalities which may reasonably be imposed upon the material parameters occurring in the compressible theory is included.

Pervasive transition of the Brazilian land-use system

Abstract: This Review considers the evolving relationship between land-use change and greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil. Despite the intensification of agriculture over the past decade or so, deforestation has decreased, resulting in reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, inequality in land ownership and city growth fuelled by rural–urban migration remain pressing issues for policymakers. Agriculture, deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions and local/regional climate change have been closely intertwined in Brazil. Recent studies show that this relationship has been changing since the mid 2000s, with the burgeoning intensification and commoditization of Brazilian agriculture. On one hand, this accrues considerable environmental dividends including a pronounced reduction in deforestation (which is becoming decoupled from agricultural production), resulting in a decrease of ∼40% in nationwide greenhouse gas emissions since 2005, and a potential cooling of the climate at the local scale. On the other hand, these changes in the land-use system further reinforce the long-established inequality in land ownership, contributing to rural–urban migration that ultimately fuels haphazard expansion of urban areas. We argue that strong enforcement of sector-oriented policies and solving long-standing land tenure problems, rather than simply waiting for market self-regulation, are key steps to buffer the detrimental effects of agricultural intensification at the forefront of a sustainable pathway for land use in Brazil.