University of East Anglia

About: University of East Anglia is a education organization based out in Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Climate change. The organization has 13250 authors who have published 37504 publications receiving 1669060 citations. The organization is also known as: UEA.

Long-term Glycemic Variability and Risk of Adverse Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract: OBJECTIVE Glycemic variability is emerging as a measure of glycemic control, which may be a reliable predictor of complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association between HbA 1c variability and micro- and macrovascular complications and mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Medline and Embase were searched (2004–2015) for studies describing associations between HbA 1c variability and adverse outcomes in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed with stratification according to the measure of HbA 1c variability, method of analysis, and diabetes type. RESULTS Seven studies evaluated HbA 1c variability among patients with type 1 diabetes and showed an association of HbA 1c variability with renal disease (risk ratio 1.56 [95% CI 1.08–2.25], two studies), cardiovascular events (1.98 [1.39–2.82]), and retinopathy (2.11 [1.54–2.89]). Thirteen studies evaluated HbA 1c variability among patients with type 2 diabetes. Higher HbA 1c variability was associated with higher risk of renal disease (1.34 [1.15–1.57], two studies), macrovascular events (1.21 [1.06–1.38]), ulceration/gangrene (1.50 [1.06–2.12]), cardiovascular disease (1.27 [1.15–1.40]), and mortality (1.34 [1.18–1.53]). Most studies were retrospective with lack of adjustment for potential confounders, and inconsistency existed in the definition of HbA 1c variability. CONCLUSIONS HbA 1c variability was positively associated with micro- and macrovascular complications and mortality independently of the HbA 1c level and might play a future role in clinical risk assessment.

Pattern Scaling: An Examination of the Accuracy of the Technique for Describing Future Climates

Abstract: A fully probabilistic, or risk, assessment of future regional climate changeand its impacts involves more scenarios of radiative forcing than can besimulated by a general (GCM) or regional (RCM) circulation model Additionalscenarios may be created by scaling a spatial response pattern from a GCM bya global warming projection from a simple climate model I examine thistechnique, known as pattern scaling, using a particular GCM (HadCM2)Thecritical assumption is that there is a linear relationship between the scaler(annual global-mean temperature) and the response pattern Previous studieshave found this assumption to be broadly valid for annual temperature; Iextend this conclusion to precipitation and seasonal (JJA) climate However,slight non-linearities arise from the dependence of the climatic response onthe rate, not just the amount, of change in the scaler These non-linearitiesintroduce some significant errors into the estimates made by pattern scaling,but nonetheless the estimates accurately represent the modelled changes Aresponse pattern may be made more robust by lengthening the period from whichit is obtained, by anomalising it relative to the control simulation, and byusing least squares regression to obtain it The errors arising from patternscaling may be minimised by interpolating from a stronger to a weaker forcingscenario

High anthocyanin intake is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged women

Abstract: Background—Our current knowledge of modifiable risk factors to prevent myocardial infarction (MI) in young and middle-aged women is limited, and the impact of diet is largely unknown. Dietary flavo...