Institution
University of East Anglia
Education•Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom•
About: University of East Anglia is a education organization based out in Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Climate change. The organization has 13250 authors who have published 37504 publications receiving 1669060 citations. The organization is also known as: UEA.
Topics: Population, Climate change, Randomized controlled trial, Health care, Psychological intervention
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: It is shown that exact leave-one-out cross-validation of sparse Least-Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVMs) can be implemented with a computational complexity of only O(ln2) floating point operations, rather than the O(l2n2) operations of a naïve implementation.
325 citations
••
TL;DR: To monitor the trends in prevalence of cerebral palsy by birthweight in Europe, 1980 to 2003, data is collected on children born in Europe between 1980 and 2003.
Abstract: Aim
To monitor the trends in prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) by birthweight in Europe, 1980 to 2003.
Method
Data were collated from 20 population-based registers contributing to the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe database. Trend analyses were conducted in four birthweight groups: 2499g (normal birthweight [NBW]).
Results
The overall prevalence of CP decreased from 1.90 to 1.77 per 1000 live births, p<0.001, with a mean annual fall of 0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.3% to −1.0%). Prevalence in NBW children showed a non-significant trend from 1.17 to 0.89 per 1000 live births (p=0.22). Prevalence in MLBW children decreased from 8.5 to 6.2 per 1000 live births (p<0.001), but not linearly. Prevalence in VLBW children also declined from 70.9 to 35.9 per 1000 live births (p<0.001) with a mean annual fall of 3.4% (95% CI −2.4% to −4.3%). Prevalence in ELBW children remained stable, at a mean rate of 42.4 per 1000 live births.
Interpretation
The decline in prevalence of CP in children of VLBW continues, and confirms that previously reported. For the first time, there is also a significant decline among those of MLBW, resulting in a significant overall decrease in the prevalence of CP.
325 citations
••
Dalhousie University1, World Conservation Monitoring Centre2, University of British Columbia3, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies4, Autonomous University of Barcelona5, Food and Agriculture Organization6, IFREMER7, University of California, Los Angeles8, University of Tasmania9, Centre national de la recherche scientifique10, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research11, Hobart Corporation12, McGill University13, Institut de recherche pour le développement14, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration15, University of East Anglia16, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science17, University of Cape Town18, Stockholm University19, Plymouth Marine Laboratory20
TL;DR: An integrated global ocean assessment of climate change impacts using an ensemble of multiple climate and ecosystem models reveals that global marine animal biomass will decline under all emission scenarios, driven by increasing temperature and decreasing primary production.
Abstract: While the physical dimensions of climate change are now routinely assessed through multimodel intercomparisons, projected impacts on the global ocean ecosystem generally rely on individual models with a specific set of assumptions. To address these single-model limitations, we present standardized ensemble projections from six global marine ecosystem models forced with two Earth system models and four emission scenarios with and without fishing. We derive average biomass trends and associated uncertainties across the marine food web. Without fishing, mean global animal biomass decreased by 5% (±4% SD) under low emissions and 17% (±11% SD) under high emissions by 2100, with an average 5% decline for every 1 °C of warming. Projected biomass declines were primarily driven by increasing temperature and decreasing primary production, and were more pronounced at higher trophic levels, a process known as trophic amplification. Fishing did not substantially alter the effects of climate change. Considerable regional variation featured strong biomass increases at high latitudes and decreases at middle to low latitudes, with good model agreement on the direction of change but variable magnitude. Uncertainties due to variations in marine ecosystem and Earth system models were similar. Ensemble projections performed well compared with empirical data, emphasizing the benefits of multimodel inference to project future outcomes. Our results indicate that global ocean animal biomass consistently declines with climate change, and that these impacts are amplified at higher trophic levels. Next steps for model development include dynamic scenarios of fishing, cumulative human impacts, and the effects of management measures on future ocean biomass trends.
325 citations
••
TL;DR: The authors examines whether some response strategies to climate variability and change have the potential to undermine long-term resilience of social-ecological systems and suggests that there are multiple sources of resilience in most systems and hence policy should identify such sources and strengthen capacities to adapt and learn.
Abstract: This article examines whether some response strategies to climate variability and change have the potential to undermine long-term resilience of social–ecological systems. We define the parameters of a resilience approach, suggesting that resilience is characterized by the ability to absorb perturbations without changing overall system function, the ability to adapt within the resources of the system itself, and the ability to learn, innovate, and change. We evaluate nine current regional climate change policy responses and examine governance, sensitivity to feedbacks, and problem framing to evaluate impacts on characteristics of a resilient system. We find that some responses, such as the increase in harvest rates to deal with pine beetle infestations in Canada and expansion of biofuels globally, have the potential to undermine long-term resilience of resource systems. Other responses, such as decentralized water planning in Brazil and tropical storm disaster management in Caribbean islands, have the potential to increase long-term resilience. We argue that there are multiple sources of resilience in most systems and hence policy should identify such sources and strengthen capacities to adapt and learn. 2011
325 citations
••
TL;DR: A broad model is proposed for the advancement of theory regarding the role of science in EIA which emphasises conceptual consideration and empirical investigation of the purposes, and hence outcomes, of EIA and the causal processes utilised to achieve these purposes.
325 citations
Authors
Showing all 13512 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Nicholas J. Wareham | 212 | 1657 | 204896 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Phillip A. Sharp | 172 | 614 | 117126 |
Rory Collins | 162 | 489 | 193407 |
William J. Sutherland | 148 | 966 | 94423 |
Shah Ebrahim | 146 | 733 | 96807 |
Kenneth M. Yamada | 139 | 446 | 72136 |
Martin McKee | 138 | 1732 | 125972 |
David Price | 138 | 1687 | 93535 |
Sheila Bingham | 136 | 519 | 67332 |
Philip Jones | 135 | 644 | 90838 |
Peter M. Rothwell | 134 | 779 | 67382 |
Ivan Reid | 131 | 1318 | 85123 |