University of East Anglia

About: University of East Anglia is a education organization based out in Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Climate change. The organization has 13250 authors who have published 37504 publications receiving 1669060 citations. The organization is also known as: UEA.

Hemispheric Surface Air Temperature Variations: A Reanalysis and an Update to 1993.

Abstract: Land-based compilations of gridded monthly surface air temperature anomalies, averaged into hemispheric values for the last 140 years, have been available for climatological analyses for the last 10 years or so. The analysis techniques used in their construction, particularly the need for a common reference period, mean that it is difficult to include, retrospectively, any of the new temperature datasets now available for some countries. So, despite data availability improvements in some areas, the number of stations used has fallen since 1970, both in the hemispheric averages and in their constituent grid-box datasets. The present study is a reanalysis of both the existing and the newly available temperature datasets to produce a grid-box dataset of 5°×5° temperature anomalies. The reanalysis not only uses over 1000 more stations (2961 in total), principally covering the period from the 1920s to about 1990, but also arrests the decline of stations incorporated in real time for the latest years. ...

The value of corporate accounting reports: Arguments for a political economy of accounting ☆

Abstract: Existing research on the choice of accounting methods for corporate reports emphasizes private interests. In particular, shareholders' interests predominate in studies of the effects of accounting information on individual users. Attempts at assessing the social value of accounting reports, using the approach of marginal economics to information or the analysis of economic consequences also exhibit, in their execution, a pronounced shareholder orientation. This paper suggests that an alternative approach, the Political Economy of Accounting, may be fruitful. This approach seeks to understand and evaluate the functions of accounting within the context of the economic, social and political environment in which it operates. Research within this framework is identified as having normative, descriptive and critical qualities, and the paper concludes with some illustrations of potential research areas.

Risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage with long term use of aspirin: meta-analysis.

Abstract: Objectives: To assess the incidence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage associated with long term aspirin therapy and to determine the effect of dose reduction and formulation on the incidence of such haemorrhage. Design: Meta-analysis of 24 randomised controlled trials (almost 66 000 participants). Intervention: Aspirin compared with placebo or no treatment, for a minimum of one year. Main outcome measures: Incidence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Results: Gastrointestinal haemorrhage occurred in 2.47% of patients taking aspirin compared with 1.42% taking placebo (odds ratio 1.68; 95% confidence interval 1.51 to 1.88); the number needed to harm was 106 (82 to 140) based on an average of 28 months9 therapy. At doses below 163 mg/day, gastrointestinal haemorrhage occurred in 2.30% of patients taking aspirin compared with 1.45% taking placebo (1.59; 1.40 to 1.81). Meta-regression showed no relation between gastrointestinal haemorrhage and dose. For modified release formulations of aspirin the odds ratio was 1.93 (1.15 to 3.23). Conclusions: Long term therapy with aspirin is associated with a significant increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. No evidence exists that reducing the dose or using modified release formulations would reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage.

The 'segment length curse' in long tree-ring chronology development for palaeoclimatic studies:

Abstract: The problem of constructing millennia-long tree-ring chronologies from overlapping segments of cross-dated ring-width series is reviewed, with an emphasis on preserving very low-frequency signals p...

Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species

Abstract: High-quality and complete reference genome assemblies are fundamental for the application of genomics to biology, disease, and biodiversity conservation. However, such assemblies are available for only a few non-microbial species1-4. To address this issue, the international Genome 10K (G10K) consortium5,6 has worked over a five-year period to evaluate and develop cost-effective methods for assembling highly accurate and nearly complete reference genomes. Here we present lessons learned from generating assemblies for 16 species that represent six major vertebrate lineages. We confirm that long-read sequencing technologies are essential for maximizing genome quality, and that unresolved complex repeats and haplotype heterozygosity are major sources of assembly error when not handled correctly. Our assemblies correct substantial errors, add missing sequence in some of the best historical reference genomes, and reveal biological discoveries. These include the identification of many false gene duplications, increases in gene sizes, chromosome rearrangements that are specific to lineages, a repeated independent chromosome breakpoint in bat genomes, and a canonical GC-rich pattern in protein-coding genes and their regulatory regions. Adopting these lessons, we have embarked on the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP), an international effort to generate high-quality, complete reference genomes for all of the roughly 70,000 extant vertebrate species and to help to enable a new era of discovery across the life sciences.