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Institution

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

EducationErlangen, Bayern, Germany
About: University of Erlangen-Nuremberg is a education organization based out in Erlangen, Bayern, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Immune system. The organization has 42405 authors who have published 85600 publications receiving 2663922 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the current state and challenges in understanding Mg alloy corrosion behavior, in view of use of these materials for biodegradable implants, and present approaches to control the corrosion and biological performance of Mg alloys by surface modification.
Abstract: This review discusses the current state and challenges in understanding Mg alloy corrosion behavior, in view of use of these materials for biodegradable implants. After the description of some basic and specific aspects of Mg alloy corrosion, the influence of specific biological environments on the corrosion behavior of Mg alloys is summarized. Interactions between corroding Mg surfaces and cells are shortly discussed. Moreover, approaches to control the corrosion and biological performance of Mg alloys by surface modification are presented. The article tries to provide general, instead of alloy specific, information on the topics covered.

322 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In slice preparations of the spinal cord, no difference between the functional properties of EGFP‐positive and negative neurons could be detected, confirming the utility of visually identifying glycinergic neurons to investigate their functional role in electrophysiological studies.
Abstract: Although glycine is a major inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian CNS, the role of glycinergic neurons in defined neuronal circuits remains ill defined. This is due in part to difficulties in identifying these cells in living slice preparations for electrophysiological recordings and visualizing their axonal projections. To facilitate the morphological and functional analysis of glycinergic neurons, we generated bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice, which specifically express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the promotor of the glycine transporter (GlyT) 2 gene, which is a reliable marker for glycinergic neurons. Neurons expressing GlyT2-EGFP were intensely fluorescent, and their dendrites and axons could be visualized in great detail. Numerous positive neurons were detected in the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum. The hypothalamus, intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, and basal forebrain also received a dense GlyT2-EGFP innervation, whereas in the olfactory bulb, striatum, neocortex, hippocampus, and amygdala positive fibers were much less abundant. No GlyT2-EGFP-positive cell bodies were seen in the forebrain. On the subcellular level, GlyT2-EGFP fluorescence was colocalized extensively with glycine immunoreactivity in somata and dendrites and with both glycine and GlyT2 immunoreactivity in axon terminals, as shown by triple staining at all levels of the neuraxis, confirming the selective expression of the transgene in glycinergic neurons. In slice preparations of the spinal cord, no difference between the functional properties of EGFP-positive and negative neurons could be detected, confirming the utility of visually identifying glycinergic neurons to investigate their functional role in electrophysiological studies.

321 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current data point to an important role for CD26/DPP4 in maintaining lymphocyte composition and function, T cell activation and co‐stimulation, memory T cell generation and thymic emigration patterns during immune‐senescence.
Abstract: CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position. It plays a major role in glucose metabolism by N-terminal truncation and inactivation of the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP) and gastric inhibitory protein (GIP). In 2006, DPP4 inhibitors have been introduced to clinics and have been demonstrated to efficiently enhance the endogenous insulin secretion via prolongation of the half-life of GLP-1 and GIP in patients. However, a large number of studies demonstrate clearly that CD26/DPP4 also plays an integral role in the immune system, particularly in T cell activation. Therefore, inhibition of DPP4 might represent a double-edged sword. Apart from the metabolic benefit, the associated immunological effects of long term DPP4 inhibition on regulatory processes such as T cell homeostasis, maturation and activation are not understood fully at this stage. The current data point to an important role for CD26/DPP4 in maintaining lymphocyte composition and function, T cell activation and co-stimulation, memory T cell generation and thymic emigration patterns during immune-senescence. In rodents, critical immune changes occur at baseline levels as well as after in-vitro and in-vivo challenge. In patients receiving DPP4 inhibitors, evidence of immunological side effects also became apparent. The scope of this review is to recapitulate the role of CD26/DPP4 in the immune system regarding its pharmacological inhibition and T cell-dependent immune regulation.

321 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Felix Aharonian1, A. G. Akhperjanian1, A. R. Bazer-Bachi, M. Beilicke1, Wystan Benbow1, David Berge1, Konrad Bernlöhr1, Catherine Boisson, O. Bolz1, V. Borrel, Ilana M. Braun1, E. Brion, A. M. Brown2, Rolf Bühler1, I. Büsching3, Svenja Carrigan1, P. M. Chadwick2, L.-M. Chounet, G. Coignet, R. Cornils1, Luigi Costamante1, B. Degrange, Hugh Dickinson2, A. Djannati-Ataï, L. O'c. Drury4, Guillaume Dubus, Kathrin Egberts1, Dimitrios Emmanoulopoulos5, P. Espigat, F. Feinstein, E. Ferrero5, A. Fiasson, G. Fontaine, Seb. Funk6, Stefan Funk1, M. F¨ußling1, Y. A. Gallant, B. Giebels, J.F. Glicenstein, B. Glück7, P. Goret, C. Hadjichristidis2, D. Hauser1, M. Hauser5, G. Heinzelmann8, Gilles Henri, German Hermann1, Jim Hinton1, A. Hoffmann9, Werner Hofmann1, M. Holleran3, S. Hoppe1, Dieter Horns1, A. Jacholkowska, O. C. de Jager3, Eckhard Kendziorra9, M. Kerschhaggl6, B. Khélifi, Nu. Komin, A. Konopelko1, K. Kosack1, G. Lamanna, I. J. Latham2, R. Le Gallou2, Anne Lemiere, M. Lemoine-Goumard, Thomas Lohse6, Jean Michel Martin, Olivier Martineau-Huynh, A. Marcowith, Conor Masterson1, Gilles Maurin, T. J. L. McComb2, Emmanuel Moulin, M. de Naurois, D. Nedbal1, S. J. Nolan2, A. Noutsos2, J.-P. Olive, K. J. Orford1, J. L. Osborne1, M. Panter1, G. Pelletier, S. Pita, G. Pühlhofer1, Michael Punch, S. Ranchon, B. C. Raubenheimer3, M. Raue1, S. M. Rayner2, A. Reimer10, Olaf Reimer10, J. Ripken8, L. Rob11, L. Rolland, S. Rosier-Lees, Gavin Rowell1, V. Sahakian12, Andrea Santangelo1, L. Saugé, S. Schlenker6, Reinhard Schlickeiser10, R. Schröder10, U. Schwanke6, S. Schwarzburg9, S. Schwemmer5, A. Shalchi10, Helene Sol, D. Spangler2, Felix Spanier10, R. Steenkamp13, C. Stegmann7, G. Superina, P. H. Tam5, J. P. Tavernet, Regis Terrier, M. Tluczykont, C. van Eldik1, G. Vasileiadis, Christo Venter3, J. P. Vialle, P. Vincent, Heinrich J. Völk1, Stefan Wagner5, Martin Ward2 
TL;DR: The combined gamma-ray image of the 2004 and 2005 data reveals the morphology of RX J1713.7-3946 with unprecedented precision, as well as significantly increased statistics and energy coverage as compared to earlier 2003 & 2004 results.
Abstract: We present deep H.E.S.S. observations of the supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946. Combining data of three years - from 2003 to 2005 - we obtain significantly increased statistics and energy coverage as compared to earlier 2003 & 2004 results. The data are analysed separately for the different years. Very good agreement of the gamma-ray morphology and the differential spectra is found when comparing the three years. The combined gamma-ray image of the 2004 and 2005 data reveals the morphology of RX J1713.7-3946 with unprecedented precision. An angular resolution of 0.06 deg is achieved, revealing the detailed structure of the remnant. The combined spectrum of all three years extends over three orders of magnitude, with significant gamma-ray emission approaching 100 TeV. The cumulative significance above 30 TeV is 4.8 sigma, while for energies between 113 and 294 TeV an upper limit on the gamma-ray flux of 1.6 x 10^-16 cm^-2 s^-1 is obtained. The energy coverage of the H.E.S.S. data is presumably at the limit of present generation Cherenkov telescopes. The measurement of significant gamma-ray emission beyond 30 TeV formally implies the existence of primary particles of at least that energy. However, for realistic scenarios of very-high-energy gamma-ray production, the Inverse Compton scattering of very-high-energy electrons and pi^0 decay following inelastic proton-proton interactions, the measured gamma-ray energies imply that efficient acceleration of primary particles to energies exceeding 100 TeV is taking place in the shell of the SNR RX J1713.7-3946.

321 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bamboo-type TiO2 nanotube layers were produced by alternating voltage anodization of Ti and shows significantly increased light harvesting and conversion efficiencies when used in dye sensitized solar cells.
Abstract: Bamboo-type TiO2 nanotube layers were produced by alternating voltage anodization of Ti. In comparison to smooth TiO2 morphologies the stratified nanotube structure shows significantly increased light harvesting and conversion efficiencies when used in dye sensitized solar cells.

321 citations


Authors

Showing all 42831 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Hermann Brenner1511765145655
Richard B. Devereux144962116403
Manfred Paulini1411791110930
Daniel S. Berman141136386136
Peter Lang140113698592
Joseph Sodroski13854277070
Richard J. Johnson13788072201
Jun Lu135152699767
Michael Schmitt1342007114667
Jost B. Jonas1321158166510
Andreas Mussgiller127105973778
Matthew J. Budoff125144968115
Stefan Funk12550656955
Markus F. Neurath12493462376
Jean-Marie Lehn123105484616
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023208
2022660
20215,162
20204,911
20194,593
20184,374