University of Exeter

About: University of Exeter is a education organization based out in Exeter, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Climate change. The organization has 15820 authors who have published 50650 publications receiving 1793046 citations. The organization is also known as: Exeter University & University of the South West of England.

Two distinct secretion systems facilitate tissue invasion by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Abstract: Understanding how fungal pathogens deliver proteins to diverse plant compartments is critical for developing disease control. Giraldo et al. demonstrate that the blast fungus possesses distinct secretion systems for proteins targeted to compartments inside or outside living rice cells.

Marine protist diversity in European coastal waters and sediments as revealed by high-throughput sequencing

Abstract: Although protists are critical components of marine ecosystems, they are still poorly characterized. Here we analysed the taxonomic diversity of planktonic and benthic protist communities collected in six distant European coastal sites. Environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) from three size fractions (pico-, nano- and micro/mesoplankton), as well as from dissolved DNA and surface sediments were used as templates for tag pyrosequencing of the V4 region of the 18S ribosomal DNA. Beta-diversity analyses split the protist community structure into three main clusters: picoplankton-nanoplankton-dissolved DNA, micro/mesoplankton and sediments. Within each cluster, protist communities from the same site and time clustered together, while communities from the same site but different seasons were unrelated. Both DNA and RNA-based surveys provided similar relative abundances for most class-level taxonomic groups. Yet, particular groups were overrepresented in one of the two templates, such as marine alveolates (MALV)-I and MALV-II that were much more abundant in DNA surveys. Overall, the groups displaying the highest relative contribution were Dinophyceae, Diatomea, Ciliophora and Acantharia. Also, well represented were Mamiellophyceae, Cryptomonadales, marine alveolates and marine stramenopiles in the picoplankton, and Monadofilosa and basal Fungi in sediments. Our extensive and systematic sequencing of geographically separated sites provides the most comprehensive molecular description of coastal marine protist diversity to date.

A new approach to the design and optimisation of support structures in additive manufacturing.

Abstract: Support structures are required in several additive manufacturing (AM) processes to sustain overhanging parts, in particular for the production of metal components Supports are typically hollow or cellular structures to be removed after metallic AM, thus they represent a considerable waste in terms of material, energy and time employed for their construction and removal This study presents a new approach to the design of support structures that optimise the part built orientation and the support cellular structure This approach applies a new optimisation algorithm to use pure mathematical 3D implicit functions for the design and generation of the cellular support structures including graded supports The implicit function approach for support structure design has been proved to be very versatile, as it allows geometries to be simply designed by pure mathematical expressions This way, different cellular structures can be easily defined and optimised, in particular to have graded structures providing more robust support where the object’s weight concentrate, and less support elsewhere Evaluation of support optimisation for a complex shape geometry revealed that the new approach presented can achieve significant materials savings, thus increasing the sustainability and efficiency of metallic AM

Contrasting perspectives on narrating selves and identities: an invitation to dialogue

Abstract: In recent years, qualitative researchers have in varied ways conceptualized selves and identities as narratively constructed. In this article, we offer a typology for viewing, the various conceptualizations of narrative identities and selves. Five perspectives are presented for discussion. These are, the psychosocial, the inter-subjective, the storied resource, the dialogic and the performative perspectives. Insights into contrasts between them are also generated by exploring the emphasis given by each perspective to both the social and individual in creating selves and identities. These contrasts are organized along a continuum, with perspectives that adopt a `thick individual' and `thin social relational' view to the self and identity at one end, and those that adopt a `thin individual' and `thick social relational' view at the other. We close by suggesting that each perspective is worthy of consideration in its own right and that coexistence is possible despite their differences.