University of Exeter

About: University of Exeter is a education organization based out in Exeter, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 15820 authors who have published 50650 publications receiving 1793046 citations. The organization is also known as: Exeter University & University of the South West of England.

The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), model description – Part 1: Energy and water fluxes

Abstract: . This manuscript describes the energy and water components of a new community land surface model called the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES). This is developed from the Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme (MOSES). It can be used as a stand alone land surface model driven by observed forcing data, or coupled to an atmospheric global circulation model. The JULES model has been coupled to the Met Office Unified Model (UM) and as such provides a unique opportunity for the research community to contribute their research to improve both world-leading operational weather forecasting and climate change prediction systems. In addition JULES, and its forerunner MOSES, have been the basis for a number of very high-profile papers concerning the land-surface and climate over the last decade. JULES has a modular structure aligned to physical processes, providing the basis for a flexible modelling platform.

The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Nino

Abstract: The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring fluctuation that originates in the tropical Pacific region and affects ecosystems, agriculture, freshwater supplies, hurricanes and other severe weather events worldwide. Under the influence of global warming, the mean climate of the Pacific region will probably undergo significant changes. The tropical easterly trade winds are expected to weaken; surface ocean temperatures are expected to warm fastest near the equator and more slowly farther away; the equatorial thermocline that marks the transition between the wind-mixed upper ocean and deeper layers is expected to shoal; and the temperature gradients across the thermocline are expected to become steeper. Year-to-year ENSO variability is controlled by a delicate balance of amplifying and damping feedbacks, and one or more of the physical processes that are responsible for determining the characteristics of ENSO will probably be modified by climate change. Therefore, despite considerable progress in our understanding of the impact of climate change on many of the processes that contribute to El Nino variability, it is not yet possible to say whether ENSO activity will be enhanced or damped, or if the frequency of events will change.

Activating Mutations in the Gene Encoding the ATP-Sensitive Potassium-Channel Subunit Kir6.2 and Permanent Neonatal Diabetes

Abstract: Background Patients with permanent neonatal diabetes usually present within the first three months of life and require insulin treatment. In most, the cause is unknown. Because ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels mediate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells, we hypothesized that activating mutations in the gene encoding the Kir6.2 subunit of this channel (KCNJ11) cause neonatal diabetes. Methods We sequenced the KCNJ11 gene in 29 patients with permanent neonatal diabetes. The insulin secretory response to intravenous glucagon, glucose, and the sulfonylurea tolbutamide was assessed in patients who had mutations in the gene. Results Six novel, heterozygous missense mutations were identified in 10 of the 29 patients. In two patients the diabetes was familial, and in eight it arose from a spontaneous mutation. Their neonatal diabetes was characterized by ketoacidosis or marked hyperglycemia and was treated with insulin. Patients did not secrete insulin in response to glucose...

Essentials of Econometrics

Abstract: Chapter 1: The Nature and Scope of Econometrics Part I: The Linear Regression Model Chapter 2: Basic Ideas of Linear Regression Chapter 3: The Two-Variable Model: Hypothesis Testing Chapter 4: Multiple Regression: Estimation and Hypothesis Testing Chapter 5: Functional Forms of Regression Models Chapter 6: Dummy Variable Regression Models Part II: Regression Analysis in Practice Chapter 7: Model Selection: Criteria and Tests Chapter 8: Multicollinearity: What Happens if Explanatory Variables are Correlated? Chapter 9: Heteroscedasticity: What Happens if the Error Variance is Nonconstant? Chapter 10: What Happens if Error Terms are Correlated? Part II: Advanced Topics in Econometrics Chapter 11: Simultaneous Equation Models Chapter 12: Selected Topics in Single-Equation Regression Models Appendices Introduction: Basics of Probability and Statistics Appendix A: Review of Statistics: Probability and Probability Distributions Appendix B: Characteristics of Probability Distributions Appendix C: Some Important Probability Distributions Appendix D: Statistical Inference: Estimation and Hypothesis Testing Appendix E: Statistical Tables Appendix F: Computer Output of EViews, Minitab, Excel, and STATA